hitwty |
2007-08-02 11:39 |
考博英语改错练习 NO.3
句子结构的错误 ?m.WqNBH7 在英语中按句型来说可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四种,从结构上来说又可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句三种。句子的结构错误是构成句子完整结构的某一成分用错或者缺少,或者使用了多于成分而造成句意不清的错误类型。由于英语语法和汉语语法特点在结构上表现得十分明显,主、谓、宾结构在数、格、人称上的一致、连接手段的正确使用以及词序安排等,都与汉语有着相当大的差异,因此在改错中也是一大难点。句子结构错误类型包括:句子类型使用错误、句子成分短缺、平行结构错误以及词组搭配使用错误。 (T;4'c gB/4ro8 下面通过一些例题来进行具体讲解: PwP;+R};|
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M)U (A!+$}UR _BGw)Z 6 例 1 "f^s*I WJH-~,u Computer analyzed marketing reports can help e8T#ZWr* X(sHFVU+ deciding which products to emphasize now, which e$HN/O DUBEh@ to develop for the future, and which to be dropped. 1.__________ l2&cwjc wz1fx>Q
.m--#r &'%b1CbE 本句中三个平行成分 which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to be dropped 结构模式应该一致,均采用不定式主动语态,因而 to be dropped 应改为 to drop 。 \XDc{c] qm RdO
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^n1 例 2 y X%q7ex >K]s)VuWR When we consider the comfortable circumstances z1wJ-l tJ:]ne of a working family today, the life of the workingman <cC 0l-= ""AP-7 in 1882 seems miserable indeed. But earlier it had S
b0p? "ecG\}R= been ever hard. 1.__________ ZR
|)+W; [!^Q_O +7yirp~`K :X1~ 根据上文中“ earlier ”可知,原句显然是将 1882 年以前的生活与 1882 年时的生活作比较,所以此处 hard 应该改为 harder 。 )8BGN'jyi um/2.Sn>
E0F8FR' Cs2hi,s 例 3 \*>r[6]*&5 %BdQ.\4DS At the beginning of the nineteenth century working !m7`E Cxn<#Kf\-< hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, q?R)9E$h
VL^.7U and working conditions being poor and dangerous. 1.__________ Yd}Jz c~_nOd 1|]IWX| 6Z5X?B 在该句中, working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being poor and dangerous 三个小分句为并列结构关系,因此必须保持成分和结构上的一致性,故应该将 being 改为 were 。 ^,P#
<,D, x2q6y B=0U^wL A&HN7C%X 例 4 U;o
$=,_p z%lu% However, a second person thought that this was [r[IWy(} o'oA.'ul more a question of civilized behavior as good 1.__________ )K=%s%3h< (d>
M/x?W manners. we4k VAn x.5!F2$ \&{a/e2:S >9WJa 5{ “ more…than… ”是固定搭配用法,在此句中表示“与其…不如…”的意思,而不是“比…多”的意思;没有“ more…as… ”的搭配用法,故应该将 as 改为 than 。 UR3qzPm!0e {D6p?TL+ cO8':P5Q 练习题 kp6{QKDj& t2L} \
oY/hT _ cEdf&*_-'I 1 On the contrary, the intimate atmosphere of the (G>S`B S7B7'[ru small college allows the student four years of structural
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k0 living in which to expect and preparing for the real world. 1.__________ 2bs={p$}a >3C4S z[cs/x >U~{WM$"Y 2 In making his choice among educational institutions a-cLy*W,~ rN3qTp the student must, therefore, consider a great many factors. @#j?Z7E| ~6Xr^An/Z Going to school is part of the socialization process, (u{?aG~ QX`T-)T e and so going to the movies. 2.__________ TQ,KPf$0U /<R[X>]<F L0Ycf|[s,
%w3Y!7+ 3 The next morning the sun rose like a red ball on the 5r)]o'?s {f
(RY j eastern horizon. But somehow after breakfast it hid (
kKQs") /$U<S" itself behind patches of clouds but it seemed a rain was 3.__________ ${F4x "x q` 0wG3 apparent. FK+`K< ubQbEv{(, Xl %ax!/
fP KFU 4 But luckily, no sooner had we entered the car when it 4.__________ 7C>5Xyy
J 1EemVZdY suddenly began to rain. 6Bf aB: @OGHS}-\ t)l >X_5o^s2s 5 That is worthy of note about these two groups is that 5.__________ }{S+C[:_ )?MUUI : among the 40 people there are only two women. @~CXnc0 mv{bX|
. z=6zc-$y 9 D$U`u[qjtS 6 Women members are so less than members that we 6.__________ ?`/DFI'_G %PlA9@:IZ again think of the outdated prejudice that women are Y[rRz6.*( 2_GbK- inferior in intelligence. gVI{eoJ se@?:n1) Bp-e< : x
K ;#C 7 The best way to avoid using dictionaries when you /liZ|K3A |c[= V?AC are reading English books is to try to remember many 7.__________ `hf
`lq^ 2&zklXuo: words as you can. uQYenCNXS 4x-K0 dK41NLGQ k`BS{,= 8 It is just on that day when I bumped into Miss Helen 8.__________ l
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:n,x?bM on my way to work. UaB2vuL*= L:\>)6]Ls g&rz*)|/ gu"@*,hL 9 It is in the cinema not on the street where he lost his 9.__________ 7U!-_)n{ >U)>~SQf wallet which contained $ 1,000 in it. 9t!Agxm -TS5g1 q[(1zG%NbA *!9=? 10 In the future passengers ships will be built to travel F#^/=AR' Q^8/"aV\ undersea, and special underwater ships will be designed mD%IHzbn
H (}rBnD for mining, fishing, and to exploring unknown areas. 10.__________ @F/,~|{iM .,f]'!5 &W3Hj$> WmkCV+thA 3WM*4
R$`%<Y3) 答案解析: Qq%~e41ec $/
g<h ~x^Ra8A =@c;%x 1.preparing→prepare。属于平行结构中的动词错误。在并列连词and前后显然要有形式一致的动词,但前面没有与preparing呼应的现在分词(注:同行中的living是in which中which的先行词,故一定是名词,而不是现在分词——这是词形表面上的干扰),故只能改动preparing使之与前面的动词不定式expect一致,这里也有考生将preparing改为prepares,用意是与句中谓语动词allows一致,但要注意,句中不定式expect是及物动词,它的宾语是“the real world”,必须与prepare for共享。 gvr&7=p -s0\ 4 [hV}$0#E[O 6z]y
=J 2.so后面加is。该句是一个并列句,第一个分词结构是完整的,主语由动名词“going to school”担当,第二个分词表语部分与前面相同。为避免重复,而使用代词so,但是谓语不能省略,必须加上is才是完整的结构。 jO9!:L>b` 3
2"f'{ Q5A,9ovNZ "gFw:t"VV 3.but→and。 `KZu/r-M9 zN9#qlfv \Rs9B . @urZ 4.when→than。“no sooner…than…”和“hardly…when…”是固顶结构,相互之间不能交换使用。 x3sX=jIW_ lI~8[[$xd GQ
jwr( _.E{>IFw 5.that→what。该句结构比较复杂,前面整个句子作为主语,但是that不能作为主语从句的主语成分,因此改成what。 6"NtVfui K4]#X"
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tL?UF$ 6.less→fewer。 ysPm4am$ HCCq9us fP6\Ur It<VjN9
7.many前加as。 a47e %YbL%i|U :pNS$g[ U#bmMH 8.when→that。因为该句是一个强调句,所强调成分的代词除了在所强调成分为“人”时使用who或者that的情况外,一律使用that。 FS=LpvOG) F|VKrH. @!j6y(@ $|7=$~y 9.where→that。 J"@X>n }p-/R' =CD.pw)B1 ;(jL`L F 10.删除to。
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