2020年考博英语作文必备词汇及素材句大全

环境问题类

　tilize the natural resources利用自然资源
　　ecosystem生态系统
　　water loss and soil erosion水土流失
　　deforestation森林砍伐
　　Evidently，the deterioration of the quality of the environment threatens the existence of mankind很明显，环境质量恶化会危及人类的生存。
　　Therefore，the best solution is that we should devote to the protection of our home while we are developing our economy. 因此，最好的策略是，在发展经济的同时致力于保护环境。
　　Both the government and ordinary people should join hands to make this world a better place to live in，not only for ourselves，but also for future generations.政府和百姓应携起手来，一起打造更好的生存环境，不仅为了自己，更为了我们的子孙后代。
　　sustainable development可持续发展
　　According to its definition，the purpose of sustainable development is to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.根据定义，可持续发展战略提出的目的是在不损害子孙后代的利益的前提下满足今天人们的需要。

环境保护类

必备词汇：
　　1、污染：pollution
　　2、垃圾、废物：garbage/waste/trash
　　3、丢弃：throw/discard
　　4、保护环境：protect/preserve the environment
　　5、丰富的自然资源：abundant natural resources
　　6、可持续发展：sustainable development
　　7、环境恶化：deterioration of environment
　　8、提高人们环境意识：raise people’s awareness of the environment
　　必备素材句：
　　1、我们必须重视保护自然资源。
　　Particular emphasis should be put on thepreservation of natural resources.
　　2、任何变化都会影响我们的生活和环境。
　　Any change will affectour life and our environment.
　　3、必须制定一系列的环境保护条例。
　　A series ofenvironment protectionrules and regulations need to be laid down.
　　4、有关部门需要制定更多的法规，并将其贯彻实施，以惩罚破坏环境的行为。另外，
　　人们应该共同努力，来创建一个可持续的环境。
　　More regulations should be made and carried out byauthorities concernedtopunish environmental damage.In addition, individuals must work in joint efforts to createsustainable surroundings.
　　5、我认为，人类必须认识到自己是自然的一部分，自然的毁灭也意味着人类自身的灭亡。
　　I harbor the idea that it is of vital importance for people to realize thatthey are an integral part of nature, the destruction of which means the perishing of themselves.
　　6、世界上越来越多的人认识到加强环境保护的必要性。
　　There is a growing worldwide awareness of the need forstrengthened environmental protection.
　　7、环保的路仍然很长，因为在所有的人自主地具有环保意识并在日常生活中去实践以前，环保还需要时间去渗透于生活之中。
　　There is still a long way to go forenvironmental conservation,sinceit needs time to sink in lifebefore all the people autonomously have the awareness ofprotecting environment and apply it into routine life.

inana

2019-04-16 22:05

经济生活类
必备词汇：

　　1、以经济建设为中心：focusingonthecentraltaskofeconomicconstruction

　　2、当地经济发展的支柱：apillaroflocaleconomicdevelopment

　　3、加强国际竞争力：sharpentheinternationalcompetitiveness

　　4、加快/促进发展：accelerate/advance/enhancethedevelopment

　　5、人民生活改善：theimprovementinpeople'slivingconditions

　　6、国民经济正在迅速发展：therehasbeenarapidexpansionofnationaleconomy

　　7、生活水平提高：

　　raise/elevatethelivingstandard，haveahigherstandardofliving，liveonahigherplane

　　8、促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变：

　　promotefundamentalshiftsintheeconomicsystemandmodeofeconomicgrowth

　　必备素材句：

　　1、越来越多的假冒伪劣产品严重地阻碍了我国市场经济的发展。消费者必须经常谨慎

　　地去购买他们所需的货物或服务，否则他们会落入制假人所设的陷阱。

Therearemoreandmorefakeandinferiorproductsseriouslyhamperingtheexpansionofourmarketeconomy.Consumershavetobeverycarefulinpurchasinggoodsandservicestheyneed;otherwisetheywillfallintothetrapssetbytheillegalmanufacturerswhomakefake

　　2、我们生活在一个充满挑战的新时代，科技使竞争比以往更加激烈。

We'relivinginanewandchallengingtime,inwhichtechnologyhasmadecompetitionfiercerthaneverbefore.

　　3、发达的经济和跨国企业能帮助发展中国家分享全球化带来的益处。

Advancedeconomicsandmultinationalcorporationscouldhelpdevelopingnationstoshareinthebenefitsofglobalization.

　　4、旅游业可以促进经济繁荣，而且借机可以向其他国家传播我们的文化。

Tourismboostsoureconomyandwegetachancetospreadourculturetodifferentcountries.

　　5、广告鼓励产品质量竞争和产品革新。

　　Advertisementenrichesthecompetitioninqualityandproductinnovation.

　　6、科学的发展从某种程度上缩小了发达国家和发展中国家的差距。

Tosomeextent,thedevelopmentofsciencehascontributedtonarrowthetechnology-gapbetweenthedevelopedcountriesandthedevelopingcountries.

inana

2019-04-16 22:06

人生哲理类
　必备词汇：

　　1、毅力：willpower/persistence

　　2、经得住挑战：withstand challenges

　　3、有进取心的：aggressive

　　4、精力充沛的：energetic

　　5、进取精神：striving spirit

　　6、心胸开阔：open-mindedness

　　7、增长见识：widen one’s knowledge

　　8、创新：innovation

　　9、自信心：self-confidence

　　10、雄心壮志：ambition

　　必备素材句：

　　1、我们应该具有积极的态度，并且表现自信。只有这样，我们才能克服我们面对的困难，过幸福的生活。

　　We should embrace positive attitudes and behave confidently.Only in this way can we crack down the difficulties confronting us successfully and lead a happy life.

　　2、我们应当始终把“没有付出就没有收获”当作工作学习的座右铭。只有那些努力工作，不畏困难的人才能到达成功的顶峰。

　　To begin with, “No pains, no gains”should always be our motto in our life and work.Only thosewho are hard-working and brave enough to encounter difficulties of all sortsare most likely to reach the summit of success.

　　3、学习生活中我们肯定会遇到一些挫折。但一定要勇于面对，三思而后行。成功是一个过程，需要一步步地去实现。谚语说的好“罗马不是一天建成的”。简言之，努力工作的精神和面对现实的态度是通往成功的关键。

　　In terms of our life, work and study,we will meetlots of trials.We must always face reality and have a second thought before we make our final decision.Success is also a process and needs to be realized step by step.As a proverb goes “Rome was not built within a day”.In short, hard-working spirit and a realistic attitude lead to success.

　　4、无论在何种环境下我们都应该保持乐观。在生命中，我们必然会经历和面对很多困难，为了实现目标，我们应该积极而不是消极地解决问题。

　　We should keepoptimisticno matter what kinds of circumstance we undergo. In the course of life, we are bound to experience and encounter a variety of difficulties. In order to achieve our goals,we should tackle the obstacles in a positive way rather than in a negative way.

　　5、年轻人只有经历更多的逆境，才能磨练出坚强的个性以及形成未来发展所需要的能力，也只有这样他们才能在这个竞争变化的世界最终取得成功。

　　Only byundergoing more adversitiescan young peopledevelop strong personality and ability needed in the future, andonly in this way can they eventually become winners in our competitive changing world.

　　6、在人生的道路上，我们不能仅仅满足于一两次的成功，而只有不断地追求，我们才能够取得进步和发展。

　　On the way of life, we shouldn’t focus merely onone or two success.Onlythrough persistent pursuitcan we be able tomake progress and development.

　　7、坚持是我们保持精神向上的不可或缺的驱动力，并且能够帮助我们完成自己的学习和工作。

　　Persistencefunctions as an indispensable driving force tokeep up our spirit and to assist us to fulfill our study and work.

　　8、事实上，只有那些努力的、勇敢的人才能克服各种困难，才更有可能摘得成功的桂冠。

　　In fact, only those whoare hard-working and brave enough to encounter obstacles of all sortsare most likely toreach the summit of success.

inana

2019-04-16 22:07

人的发展类

superior to others高人一等

　　be concerned about关心

　　the sense of achievement成就感

　　in terms of从……的角度

　　a sound attitude一种正确的态度

　　strive for为 …… 而努力

　　the pursuit of our ideals对我们理想的追求

　　material well-being物质财富

　　meet the future needs满足将来的需要

　　The fulfillment of one’s duty and obligations履行某人的职责与义务

　　Children’s love for their parents is the latter’s best reward.孩子对父母的爱是对父母最好的回报。(孝心)

inana

2019-04-16 22:08

竞争与合作类
Competition exists everywhere and it is one of the motive forces of the development of society竞争是社会生活中的一个司空见惯的现象

　　However，we often find competition exists together with cooperation.然而，我们经常发现竞争与合作共存的情况。

　　While we are advocating competition， we can?t forget cooperation.我们在倡导竞争是不可忽略合作。

　　Pure and exclusive competition leads to failures.纯粹排他的竞争会导致一事无成。

　　Only competition together with cooperation helps us a great deal in obtaining our goals and satisfying our needs.只有既竞争又合作，我们才能实现目标，才能满足自身需要。

inana

2019-04-16 22:08

教育问题类

The current education system现行教育体制

　　bookworm书呆子

　　the practical application of what they have learned他们所学知识的实际运用

　　challenge examination-oriented education挑战应试教育

　　advocate quality-oriented education倡导素质教育

　　focus on the students? ability as a whole重视培养学生的整体能力

　　bring up a new generation培养一代新人

　　compulsory education义务教育

　　Some academic works are full of plagiarisms.一些学术作品里充满了剽窃来的思想和文字。

　　impart knowledge(to)传授知识

　　the soul engineer of mankind 人类灵魂的工程师

　　raise teachers’ social status and improve their material welfare提高教师社会地位，改善教师物质待遇。

jjidk3733	2019-04-17 10:42
谢谢

nanafly

2019-04-18 22:07

道德伦理类

必备词汇：

　　1、虚假承诺：false promise

　　2、社会道德：social morality

　　3、社会公德：social virtue

　　4、躲避责任：shrink from responsibilities

　　5、道德缺失：lack of moral sense

　　6、追求经济利益：in pursuit of economic benefits

　　7、忽视努力工作：ignore hard word

　　8、缺乏社会意识：lack of social consciousness

　　9、信任危机：the crisis of trust

　　10、不道德行为：immoral behaviors

　　必备素材句：

　　1、每个人都有责任去关爱他人。

　　It is our important duty totake care of/ help others.

　　2、从个人角度看，每个人，尤其是在困境中时，都需要别人的帮助或关爱，以满足身心发展的需求。

　　From the personal angel, every human has the need ofbeing taken care of/helped/understood/encouragedin order to meethis physical and mental requirements/ to get healthy physical and mental development,especially when he is in trouble.

　　3、从社会角度看，一个重视并倡导无私奉献精神的社会才能使公民快乐生活。

　　From the social perspective, a society that advocates and emphasizes selfless devotion can make its citizens live happy lives.

　　4、社会公德与传统美德就如同落在我们肩上的阳光，带给我们微笑和力量，不论周围的世界变得多么黑暗，它们都能给我们支持。

　　Social morality and traditional virtues,like the sunshine on our shoulders,make us smile and stronger,so thatthey can give us support no matter how dark the world around us becomes.

　　5、此外，我们应该培养年轻人的意识，尊敬老人一直是中国文化的传统美德。

　　In addition,we should cultivate the awareness ofthe young that respecting the old has always beenthe traditional virtue of Chinese culture.

　　6、众所周知，赡养父母不仅是一种应该发扬光大的传统美德，而且也是法律规定的义务。

　　It’s all known thattaking care ofour own parents isnot only a Chinese traditional virtue,which should be cherished and promoted,but also a duty laid down in the constitution.

　　7、无论成功的决心多么坚定，成功的要求多么强烈，一个人永远不能丧失他/她的道德和社会觉悟。

　　However greatthe will to achieve,and however greatthe demand to succeed,one shouldnever abandon his/her moral and social consciousness.

　　8、事实上，生活在许多其他文化世界中的人们也把遵守社会公德视为人类最崇高的行为。

　　As a matter of fact, people of many different cultures alsoregardhonoring public moralityasthe most sublime human act.

nanafly

2019-04-18 22:08

运动健康类

必备词汇：

　　1、身体、心理上的：physically/ psychologically

　　2、营养不良：malnutrition

　　3、健康的，精力充沛的：healthy;energetic/vigorous

　　4、疲倦的：tired/exhausted/worn out

　　5、体育精神：sportsmanship

　　6、首要目标：primary goal

　　7、参与运动：be involved with sports

　　8、大众健康：public health

　　9、平衡饮食：balanced diet

　　10、垃圾食品：junk food

　　11、减肥：lose weight

　　12、吃绿色/有机食品：eat green/organic food

　　13、过健康的生活：lead a healthy life

　　14、提高生活质量：improve the quality of life

　　15、在日常生活中培养健康的习惯：cultivate/develop healthy habits in daily life

　　必备素材句：

　　1、运动对于强身健体是必要的。

　　Exerciseis necessary to strengthenthe body.

　　2、大多数的人都在努力的拥有成功的工作和婚姻。然而，最近大家也开始意识到健康的重要性，因为越来越多的人都开始知道健康是我们做任何事情的第一步。

　　Most people make as much effort as they can toachieve their own success in many aspects such as their work or families.Yet, in recent yearsbeing healthyhas been an issue which attracts much attention from the public because people in growing numbers have realized thatphysical health is the first thing they shall focus on.

　　3、近年来，中国人开始更多地参与各式各样的健身运动。同时中国政府也开始修建更多的设施提供给大家来进行锻炼。

　　In recent years, Chinese people are more willing than before totake part in various games or sports to be bodily strong.Meanwhile, the governmenthas been constructing more facilities available for more people.

　　4、整个中国都处在这样的一种氛围中，那就是大家在享受着运动带来的快乐。

　　All China is in such an atmosphere where people enjoythe bliss of taking exercises.

　　5、现在大家都知道，保持一种积极的生活方式在日常生活中至关重要。只有照顾好自己，我们才有可能在工作中、在心爱的家庭里、在社会上扮演好各种角色，成为自己努力想要成为的人。

　　We all know by now thatmaintaining an active lifestyleshould be one of our top priorities in life.Only bytaking care of ourselvesdo we stand a chance ofbeing the kind of person we strive to be in the job, at home with our loved ones and in our communities.

　　6、每天锻炼对于我们保持健康也是必不可少的。当然，我们并不需要筋疲力尽。要根据自身实际情况规划体育锻炼。

　　Exercising every dayis also essential for us tostay healthy. Of course we don’t need to exhaust ourselves.We should planour physical exercisesaccording to our actual condition.

　　7、拥有健康体魄的人可以精力充沛、充满自信地开展工作，反过来有助于他们的健康和幸福。相反，一个生病的人通常缺乏活力和兴趣去实现生活中所扮演的角色，这剥夺了他或她很多成功和幸福的机会。

　　People withgood healthcan do work withfull energy and confidenceandtheir progressin turn contributes totheir health and happiness.On the contrary, a sick one usually lacks the vigor and interest to fulfill his or her role in life,which deprives him or her of many opportunities tobecome successful and happy.

　　8、对大多数人来说，想要保持健康的第一步是少吃垃圾食品，均衡饮食。

　　Eating less junk food and having a balanced dietis the first step to remain healthy for most people.

nanafly

2019-04-18 22:09

文化教育类

必备词汇之文化类：

　　1、文化多元化：culturaldiversity

　　2、文化冲突：culturalconflict

　　3、跨文化交流：cross-culturalcommunication

　　4、文化传统：culturaltraditions

　　5、弘扬民族文化：carryforwardnationalculture

　　6、文化差异性：culturaldifferences

　　7、文化全球化：culturalglobalization

　　8、跨文化交流：cross-culturalcommunication

　　9、融合交汇：integrationandinteraction

　　必备词汇之教育类：

　　1、培养想象力：nurtureimagination

　　2、丰富某人知识：enrichone'sknowledge

　　3、开阔视野：widenhorizon

　　4、激发兴趣：inspire/stimulateinterest

　　5、发展/激发潜力：develop/stimulatepotential

　　6、为将来打下坚实的基础：layasolidfoundationforthefuture

　　7、对将来的发展有益：benefitfuturedevelopment

　　8、扩大知识面：expandone'sknowledge

　　9、学术诚信：academicintegrity

　　10、有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律：

　　withloftyideals,integrity,knowledgeandastrongsenseofdiscipline

　　11、从学习中获得乐趣：derivepleasurefromone'sstudies

　　12、把学习放在第一位：placethestudyaheadofanythingelse

　　必备素材句：

　　1、在我看来，文化多样性对国家的发展和繁荣至关重要。

In my view,multiculturesareextremelyvitalinensuringacommunity'sfuturedevelopmentandprosperity.

　　2、经济全球化带来的不仅有机遇，也有严峻的挑战，中国传统文化面临前所未有的冲击。　　Economicglobalizationbringsnotonlyopportunitiesfordevelopmentbutalsochallenges.Chinesetraditionalcultureisnowexperiencingunprecedentedshock.

　　3、中国古老的文化是人类文明的伟大财富之一。

　　TheancientcultureofChinaisoneofthegreattreasuresofhumancivilization.

　　4、随着世界各国间交流的增多，我们迫切需要学习不同的文化知识。　Withincreasedinteractionbetweentheworld'snations,thereisagreaturgencyforustoabsorbdifferentcultures.

　　5、中国传统文化不仅一定可以继续存在下去，而且一定会繁荣发展。

Chinesetraditionalcultureisnotonlycertaintosurvive,but,infact,isdestinedtothriveandprosper.

　　6、教育对我们的生活至关重要，国家的可持续发展和繁荣昌盛依赖于对年轻一代的教育和培养。　

Itgoeswithoutsayingthateducationplaysanirreplaceableroleinourlife.Thesustainabledevelopmentandprosperityofanationdependslargelyonitscultivationandnourishmentofyounggeneration.

nanafly

2019-04-18 22:10

国家安全类

　1. international prestige国际地位

　　2. promote the unification of China促进祖国的统一

　　3.in the long run从长远看来

　　4.revitalize our nation实现我们民族的伟大复兴

　　5.the opening-up policies 开放政策

　　6.lure more foreign capital吸引更多的外资

　　7.maintain the stability and unity of our country 维护我们国家的稳定和统一

nanafly

2019-04-18 22:11

社会发展类

lag behind(发展)滞后

　　leave… far behind 把…远远地甩到后边

　　subsistence problem温饱问题

　　an empty slogan一个空洞的口号

　　economic prosperity 经济繁荣

　　social progress社会进步

　　political stability政治稳定

　　materialistic society物质社会

nanafly

2019-04-18 22:11

地区开发类

a deep-rooted concept一个根深蒂固的观念

　　The large scale development of West China is of profound significance西部大开发具有深远意义

　　In addition，the west’s unique unfavorable geographic positions greatly limit its development 另外，西部极为不利的地理位置限制了其自身的发展。

　　If left unchanged，the underdevelopment in the west will greatly affect overall prosperity and even social stability.这种状况若不改变的话，西部的落后将极大地影响共同富裕的目标甚至社会稳定。

　　However，the western region development is a long-term systematic project.然而，西部开发是一个长期的系统工程。

　　It calls for tremendous efforts of several generations.它需要几代人的共同努力。

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