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2019-10-16 14:27 |
2013年南开大学考博英语真题
Part II Vocabulary (10 points) !US d9 Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE word or phrase that best complete the meaning of the item. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre. 5aad$f 1. You shouldn’t go to work today, it is raining so hard. you still have a temperature. -jgysBw+Xb A. Therefore B. Nevertheless C. Moreover D. Despite M/x >51< 2. He tried to cope with the ever-increasing burden of his work, but finally he and had to take a complete rest. P%)gO A. broke away B. broke off C. broke up D. broke down Hf'G8vW 3. Science and technology actually help to the useful and pleasant parts of traditional culture. K{n{KB&_& A. preserve B. prevail C. reserve D. precede x21dku<6K[ 4. Both television commercials and programs present view of the material world, one which promotes a standard of living that most of us can probably not attain. ~~
/xRs A. a standardized B. an unrealistic C. a better D. an interesting ^F?&|clM/ 5. A(n) entrepreneur will seek success farther afield and will risk more in the research than his more timid competitors. A:(*y
2 A. adventurous B. progressive C. aggressive D. impulsive ZmOfEg|h\ 6. These small companies now have their own identity. 8/)qTUx: A. discreet B. discrete C. separated D. isolated [
"\;kJ. 7. The ancient Greeks had the notion of science as methodical knowledge, and universally valid. 0]D0{6x
8 A. compellingly certain B. compel certain n wI!O C. complete certain D. very sure *'ZB*> 8. You have lived in many foreign countries so I’d expect you to have some sort of people who have just arrived here. s@MYc@k A. love for B. concern for C. sympathy for D. empathy for _gKe%J& 9. The liberal arts education asks that we confront our unexamined world view with historical understanding, new theories and intercultural • @EE."T9 A. prospects B. perspectives C. aspects D. respects olLfko4$*V 10. To plagiarize is simply “to use without credit the ideas, expressions, or productions b64
@s2] of (another),” and this is remarkably easy to do unintentionally. n$xQ[4eH) A. due B. necessary C. important D. vital L
8{\r$ 11. Hotel rooms must be by noon, but luggage may be left with the porter. CK,
6ytB A. departed B. abandoned C. vacated D. displaced '!f5?O+E 12. The main road through Littlebury was blocked for three hours today after an accident two lorries. 9&RFO$WH A. involving B. including C. combining D. containing hzk6rYg1 13. It will take us twenty minutes to get to the railway station, traffic delays. `9k0Gd A. affording B. accounting for C. allowing for D. acknowledging npRSE v 14. I think you can take a(n) language course to improve your English. /b|0PMX A. middle B. intermediate C. medium D. average Q f(p~a(d 15. The new colleague to have worked in several big corporations before he joined our company. e8'wG{3A A. confirms B. declares C. confesses D. claims 7)h[Zy,A 16. Reporters and photographers alike took great at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview. ;-UmY}MU A. annoyance B. offence C. resentment D. irritation !|c|o*t{ 17. The discovery of new oil■打elds in various parts of the country filled the government with hope. OT'[:|x ; A. eternal B. everlasting C. ceaseless D. infinite |lv|!]qAma 18. The diversity of tropical plants in the region represents a seemingly source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized. d#2$!z# A. inexhaustible B. exploited C. remarkable D. controversial .f+TZDUO 19. You must let me have the annual report without by ten o’clock tomorrow morning. BB|?1"neg A. failure B. hesitation C. trouble D. fail ah~YeJp 20. Rite of Passage is a good novel by any standards: it should rank high on any list of science fiction. %e&9. A. consistently B. consequently C. invariably D. fortunately v9T_
& Part III Reading Comprehension (40 points) 3]?#he Directions •• There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. LkQX?2>] Passage 1 _#vrb
;.+ Anyone who trains animals recognizes that human and animal perceptual capacities are different. For most humans, seeing is believing, although we do occasionally brood about whether we can believe our eyes. The other senses are largely ancillary ; most of us do not know how we might go about either doubting or believing our noses. But for dogs, scenting is believing. A dog’s nose is to ours as the wrinkled surface of our complex brain is to the surface of an egg. A dog who did comparative psychology might easily worry about our consciousness or lack thereof, just as we worry about the consciousness of a squid. imiR/V>N We who take sight for granted can draw pictures of scent, but we have no language for doing it the other way about, no way to represent something visually familiar by means of actual scent. Most humans cannot know, with their limited noses, what they can imagine about being deaf, blind, mute, epgPT'^ or paralyzed. The sighted can, for example, speak of a blind person as “in the darkness,” but there is no corollary expression for what it is that we are in relationship to scent. If we tried to coin words,we might come up with something like “ scent-blind. ’’ But what would it mean? It couldn’t have the sort of meaning that “color-blind” and “tone-deaf” do, because most of us have experienced what “tone” and “color” mean in those expressions, but we don’t know what “scent” means in the expression uscent- blind. Scent for many of us can be only a theoretical, technical expression that we use because our grammar requires that we have a noun to go in the sentences we are prompted to utter about animals, tracking. We don’t have a sense of scent. What we do have is a sense of smell—for Thanksgiving dinner and skunks and a number of things we call chemicals. @?"h
!fyu So if Fido and I are sitting on the terrace, admiring the view, we inhabit worlds with radically different principles of phenomenology. Say that the wind is to our backs. Our world lies all before us, within a 180 degree angle. The dog’s—well, we don’t know, do we? He sees roughly the same things that I see but he believes the scents of the garden behind us. He marks the path of the black-and white cat as she moves among the roses in search of the bits of chicken sandwich I let fall as I walked from the house to our picnic spot. I can show that Fido is alert to the kitty, but not how, for my picture-making modes of thought too easily supply falsifyingly literal representations of the cat and the garden and their modes of being hidden from or revealed to me. mS0udHod 21. The phrase “The other senses are largely ancillary” (Paragraph 1) is used by the author to suggest that . ,]T2$?| A. only those events experienced directly can be appreciated by the senses E@Ad'_H B. for many human beings the sense of sight is the primary means of knowing about the world s=[h?kB C. smell is in many respects a more powerful sense than sight *{+G=d D. people rely on at least one of their other senses in order to confirm with what they see Ao/ jt< 22. The example in the last paragraph suggests that “principles of phenomenology” mentioned in Paragraph 3 can best be defined as • 'fPdpnJ< A. rules one uses to determine the philosophical truth about a certain thing MX+Z ? B. behaviors caused by certain kinds of perception w|Nz_3tI C. ways and means of knowing about something #h/Mbj~S D. effect of single individual’s perception on what others believe Zkf0
p9h\ 23. The missing phrase in the incomplete sentence “The dog’s—well, we don’t know, do we?” refers to .
`7H4Y&E A. color blindness B. perception of the world VWO9=A*Y| C. concern for our perception D. depth perception ;,]P=Ey 24. The example in the last paragraph is used to illustrate how . cYqfsd# B A. a dog’s perception differs from a human’s -ig6w.%lk B. people fear nature but animals are part of it /@|/^vld C. a dog’s ways of seeing are superior to a cat’s o;?/HE%,[ D. phenomenology is universal and constant MQ"xOcD*F Passage 2 p ]d]QMu Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients—to speed recovery or to conceal the approach of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed by greater needs: the need to shelter from brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy. What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer? If he asks, should the doctor deny that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness? Doctors confront such choices often and urgently. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patient’s own sake. In their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones. Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide. As one physician wrote: “Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truth’s ?@V[#. sake, and that is, as far as possible 4 do no harm,. ” Armed with such a precept, a number of doctors may slip into deceptive practices that they assume will “do no harm” and may well help their patients. But the illusory nature of the benefits such deception is meant to produce is now coming to be documented. Studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, an overwhelming majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illness, and feel betrayed when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illness. ^+g$iM[`f Not only do lies not provide the “help” hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception, they invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning their own health. Lies also do harms to those who tell them: harm to their integrity and, in the long run, to their credibility. Lies hurt their colleagues as well. The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously honest with their patients; it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of “defensive medicine”,and thus it injures, in turn, the entire medical profession. H#ncM~y* 25. Doctors think that lying to their patients is . P@FHnh3}Z$ A. a medical tradition B. to harm their own integrity 0tU.( C. to defend medicine D. uttering the truth for truth’s sake ` Jdb ; 26. Most patients think that being told the truth of their illness may . RSo& | |