2021年考博英语长难句解析集锦

一

1. The natural way of doing this is to start from the things [which are more knowable and clear to us] and proceed towards those [which are clearer and more knowable by nature], [for the same things are not knowable relatively to us and knowable without qualification].
　　这是一个主从复合句。
　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：
　　① 主句：The natural way of doing this is to start from the things and proceed towards those.
　　【译文】要实现该目的自然要从这些事物开始进而延伸至那些事物。
　　② 分句一：The things are more knowable and clear to us.
　　类型：定语从句;连接词：Which
　　【译文】这些事物对我们来说更加清晰易知。
　　分句二：Those (things) are clearer and more knowable by nature.
　　类型：定语从句;连接词：Which
　　【译文】那些事物本质上更加清晰易知。
　　分句三：for the same things are not knowable relatively to us and knowable without qualification
　　类型：原因状语从句;连接词：for
　　【译文】因为对我们来说，同样事物的可知性并不是相当的，并且也不是没有限制的。
　　【全句译文】要实现目的，自然要从对自身来说更加清晰易知的事物开始，进而延伸至在本质上更加清晰易知的事物。因为对我们来说，同样事物的可知性并不是相当的，并且也不是没有限制的。
　　2. The firm has veered so far from the place [I joined right out of college] that {I can no longer in good conscience say [that I identify with (what it stands for)]}.
　　这是一个主从复合句。
　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：
　　① 主句: The firm has veered so far from the place.
　　【译文】这家公司发生了很大的转变。
　　② 分句一：I joined right out of college.
　　类型：定语从句;连接词省略
　　【译文】我大学毕业入职。
　　分句二：I cannot longer in good conscience…
　　类型：结果状语从句;连接词：that
　　【译文】我不能问心无愧……
　　分句三：I identify with….
　　类型：宾语从句(做say的宾语);连接词：that
　　【译文】我同意……
　　分句四：What it stands for.
　　类型：宾语从句(做identify with的宾语);连接词：what
　　【译文】公司的立场。
　　【全句译文】从我大学毕业入职以来，这家公司已经发生了转变，现在我不能够问心无愧地说我同意这家公司的立场。
　　3. As a woman, there’s more danger of being single in New York [since men want to stay 20 in their minds forever], so women don’t want to commit either, [because they see all these immature dudes around].
　　这是一个主从复合句。
　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：
　　① 主句：There’s more danger of being single in New York.
　　【译文】在纽约保持单身更危险。
　　② 分句一：since men want to stay 20 in their minds forever
　　类型：原因状语从句;连接词：since
　　【译文】因为男人想永远保持20岁的心智。
　　分句三：because they see all these immature dudes around
　　类型：原因状语从句;连接词：because
　　【译文】当看到周围都是些不成熟的男人
　　【全句译文】作为一个女人，在纽约保持单身更加危险，因为纽约男人想永远保持20岁的心智，所以，当看到周围都是这些不成熟的男人时，女人们也不想结婚。
　　4. [If I am correct in linking resentment to self-respect], a too ready tendency to forgive may properly be regarded as a vice [because it may be a sign that one lacks respect for oneself].
　　这是一个主从复合句。
　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：
　　① 主句：a too ready tendency to forgive may properly be regarded as a vice
　　【译文】太倾向于原谅可能被看成是一种缺点。
　　② 分句一：If I am correct in linking resentment to self-respect.
　　类型：条件状语从句;连接词：if
　　【译文】如果我能恰当地将怨恨和自尊联系起来。
　　分句二：because it may be a sign
　　类型：原因状语从句;连接词：because
　　【译文】因为这可能是一种表现。
　　分句三：One lacks respect for oneself.
　　类型：同位语从句;连接词：that
　　【译文】一个人缺乏自尊。
　　【全句译文】如果我能恰当地将怨恨和自尊联系起来，那么太倾向于原谅可能被看成是一种缺点，因为原谅或许是一个人缺乏自尊的表现。
　　5. [If, despite the small chance of success, the profession of artist is so popular], it is [because it offers the prospect of a labor] [that is apparently free of narrow specialization], allowing artists, like heroes in the movies, to endow work and life with their own meanings.
　　这是个主从复合句。
　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：
　　① 主句：it is because it offers the prospect of a labor
　　【译文】因为它赋予了工作的前景。
　　② 分句一：If, despite the small chance of success, the profession of artist is so popular
　　类型：条件状语从句;连接词：if
　　【译文】尽管成功的几率很小，但是艺术家这个职业却大受欢迎
　　分句二：it offers the prospect of a labor
　　类型：表语从句;连接词：because
　　【译文】因为它赋予了工作的前景
　　分句三：that is apparently free of narrow specialization
　　类型：定语从句;连接词：that
　　【译文】明显地不受狭窄的专业化限制
　　【全句译文】尽管成功的几率很小，但是艺术家这个职业却大受欢迎，原因是艺术工作明显地不受狭窄的专业化限制，它让艺术家可以像电影中里的英雄人物那样赋予艺术工作和生活以他们自己的意义。

二
　1.This means [that our noses are limited to perceiving those smells (which float through the air), missing the majority of smells (which stick to surfaces)].
　　这是一个主从复合句。
　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：
　　①主句：This means that …
　　【译文】这意味着……
　　②分句一：Our noses are limited to perceiving those smells…
　　类型：宾语从句;连接词：that
　　【译文】我们的鼻子只能感知这些气味。
　　分句二：which float through the air
　　类型：定语从句;连接词：Which
　　【译文】在空气中漂浮。
　　分句三：which stick to surfaces
　　类型：定语从句;连接词：Which
　　【译文】附着在表面。
　　其他修饰成分：现在分词短语missing the majority of smells…做结果状语，修饰鼻子只能感知空气中漂浮的气味所导致的结果。
　　【全句译文】这就意味着，我们的鼻子只能感知空气中漂浮的气味，而遗漏了大多数附着在各种物体表面的气味。
　　2.Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment [in which they live], thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
　　这是一个主从复合句。
　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：
　　①主句: Humans have the ability
　　【译文】人类有能力
　　②分句一：in which they live
　　类型：定语从句;连接词：in + which(介词+引导词/状语)
　　【译文】他们生存的(环境)
　　其他修饰成分：现在分词短语subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies做结果状语;不定式短语to modify the environment in which they live做后置定语。
　　【全句译文】而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而让所有其他形态的生命服从于人类自己独特的想法和想象。
　　3.I have excluded him [because, (while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems), he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but factual aspects of those problems].
　　这是一个主从复合句。
　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：
　　①主句：I have excluded him.
　　【译文】我将他排除在外。
　　②分句一：because while…he has been charged with the task of…
　　类型：原因状语从句;连接词：because
　　【译文】因为尽管……但他承担的任务……
　　分句二：while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution…
　　类型：让步状语从句;连接词：while
　　【译文】尽管他的成就可能会有助于解决道德问题……
　　【全句译文】我之所以将他排除在外，是因为尽管他的成就可能会有助于解决道德问题，但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面。
　　4.One reason [why it is hard to design and teach such courses] is [that they cut across the insistence by top American universities] that [liberal-arts education and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools].
　　这是一个主从复合句。
　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：
　　①主句：One reason ... is that…
　　【译文】……原因之一在于……
　　②分句一：why it is hard to design and teach such courses
　　类型：定语从句;连接词：why
　　【译文】设计和教授这类课程之所以困难的原因
　　分句二：that they cut across the insistence
　　类型：表语从句;连接词：that
　　【译文】它们打破了一贯的原则
　　分句三：(insistence)that liberal-arts education and professional education should be kept separate
　　类型：同位语从句;连接词：that
　　【译文】即人文教育和职业教育分离，在不同的学院授课。
　　【全句译文】设计和教授这类课程之所以困难的原因之一在于，它们打破了美国顶级大学一贯的原则，即人文教育和职业教育分离，在不同的学院授课。
　　5.[If you are part of the group which you are addressing], you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems [which are common to all of you] and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties.
　　这是个主从复合句。
　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：
　　①主句：you will be in a position … and it’ll be appropriate to make a passing remark …
　　【译文】你就能设身处地……你可以进行评头论足。
　　②分句一：If you are part of the group …
　　类型：条件状语从句;连接词：if
　　【译文】如果你属于群体中的一员……
　　分句二：which you are addressing
　　类型：定语从句;连接词：which
　　【译文】你在谈话
　　分句三：which are common to all of you
　　类型：定语从句;连接词：which
　　【译文】你们共同经历
　　【全句译文】如果你属于谈话群体中的一员，你就能设身处地了解到你们共同的经历和问题，你可以对饭堂里极其难吃的饭菜，或对总裁那出了名的低劣领带品味进行评头论足。

nanafly

2021-05-13 22:48

　1.[If railroads charged all customers the same average rate], they argue, shippers [who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation] would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：shippers … would do so …

　　【译文】托运者将会这么做

　　②分句一：If railroads charged all customers the same average rate

　　类型：条件状语从句;连接词：if

　　【译文】如果铁路公司向所有顾客收取一样的平均运费

　　分句二：who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：who

　　【译文】有选择余地的(托运者)就会选择卡车或其他运输方式

　　其他修饰成分：现在分词短语leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line做状语。

　　【全句译文】如果铁路公司向所有顾客收取一样的平均运费，他们争辩道，那些有选择余地的托运者就会选择卡车或其他运输方式，让剩下的顾客来承担维持铁路运输的费用。

　　2.These leaders are living proof [that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems] [that come naturally with age].

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　① 主句: These leaders are living proof

　　【译文】这些领导者都是些活生生的例子

　　② 分句一：that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems

　　类型：同位语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】预防措施是有效的，我们可以应付健康问题

　　分句二：that come naturally with age

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】随着年纪增长自然出现的

　　【全句译文】这些领导者都是些活生生的例子，证明(疾病)预防措施是有效的，我们可以应付随着年纪增长而自然出现的健康问题。

　　3. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them [that you are one of them] or [that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view].

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　① 主句：Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them…

　　【译文】你的幽默一定要与听众有关，并有助于向他们表明……

　　② 分句一：that you are one of them

　　类型：宾语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】你是他们中的一员

　　分句二：that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view

　　类型：宾语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】你理解他们的处境，并赞同他们的观点

　　【全句译文】你的幽默一定要与听众有关，并有助于向他们表明你是他们中的一员，或者你理解他们的处境，并赞同他们的观点。

　　4. The same dramatic technological changes [that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices] have also increased the risk [that passionate consumers will voice their options in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways].

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　① 主句：The same dramatic technological changes have also increased the risk

　　【译文】同样剧烈的技术变革同样也带来了更高的风险

　　② 分句一：that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】为营销商提供了数量更多(种类也更多)的沟通选择

　　分句二：that passionate consumers will voice their options in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways

　　类型：同位语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】激动的消费者能够以更迅速、更可见、更具破坏性的方式来表达他们的意见

　　【全句译文】同样剧烈的技术变革为营销商提供了数量更多(种类也更多)的沟通选择，但同时也带来了更高的风险，那就是激动的消费者能够以更迅速、更可见、更具破坏性的方式来表达他们的意见。

　　5. Time was [when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence] [that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak], or [that they prey only on “worthless” species].

　　这是个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　① 主句：Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence

　　【译文】曾经有段时间，生物学家或多或少滥用了一种证据

　　② 分句一：that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak

　　类型：同位语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】即这些生物通过杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康

　　分句二：that they prey only on “worthless” species

　　类型：同位语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】它们仅仅捕食没有价值的物种

　　【全句译文】曾经有段时间，生物学家或多或少滥用了一种证据，即这些生物通过杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康，或者说它们仅仅捕食没有价值的物种。

1.We define such sold media as owned media [whose traffic is so strong] [that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment].

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：We define such sold media as owned media

　　【译文】我们将这种“售出”媒体定义为自有媒体。

　　②分句一：whose traffic is so strong

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：whose

　　【译文】它的流量如此之大

　　分句二：so… that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment

　　类型：结果状语从句;连接词：so that

　　【译文】以至于其他机构前来投放内容或电子商务引擎。

　　【全句译文】我们将这种“售出”媒体自定义为自有媒体：它的流量如此之大以至于其他机构前来投放内容或电子商务引擎。

　　2.Some scholars conclude [that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care (that sustains life beyond a certain age – say 83 or so)].

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句: Some scholars conclude that…

　　【译文】一些学者指出……

　　②分句一：that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care

　　类型：宾语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】资源有限的政府应该停止支付医疗费用

　　分句二：that sustains life

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】维持生命

　　【全句译文】一些学者指出，对于超过一定年龄(比如83岁左右)的人，资源有限的政府应当停止支付维持其生命的医疗费用。

　　3.More than 60,000 people have purchased the paternity testing kits [since they first became available without prescriptions] last year, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, [which makes the over-the counter kits].

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：More than 60,000 people have purchased the paternity testing kits

　　【译文】超过六万人购买亲子鉴定产品套装

　　② 分句一：since they first became available without prescriptions

　　类型：时间状语从句;连接词：since

　　【译文】自从该亲子鉴定产品套装不需要医生处方就可购买

　　分句二：which makes the over-the counter kits

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：which

　　【译文】生产这种非处方产品套装的

　　【全句译文】据生产这种非处方产品套装的Identigene公司的首席运营官道格?福格称，自从去年该亲子鉴定产品套装不需要医生处方就可购买以来，已经有六万多人购买。

　　4.In fact, it is difficult to see [how journalists (who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution) can do a competent job on political stories].

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：it is difficult to see how…

　　【译文】很难想象……

　　②分句一：how journalists … can do a competent job

　　类型：宾语从句;连接词：how

　　【译文】记者怎么能胜任工作

　　分句二：who do not have a clear grasp

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：who

　　【译文】没有清晰的了解(的新闻记者)

　　【全句译文】事实上，很难想象那些对加拿大宪法的基本要点缺乏清晰了解的新闻记者怎么能胜任政治新闻的报道工作。

　　5.This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, [whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions (which are different from our own)].

　　这是个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：This entails reducing our dependence

　　【译文】这意味着要减少我们的依赖

　　②分句一：whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：whose

　　【译文】该市场的节目所涉及的经历和文化传统

　　分句二：which are different from our own

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：which

　　【译文】与我们的不同

　　【全句译文】这意味着要减少对北美市场的依赖，该市场的节目所涉及的经历和文化传统与我们的不同。

nanafly

2021-05-13 22:49

　1.[If the law about death penalty is vetoed], some people will be murdered—some [whose lives may have been saved] [if the death penalty were in effect].

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：some people will be murdered

　　【译文】一些人将会被谋杀。

　　②分句一：If the law about death penalty is vetoed

　　类型：条件状语从句;连接词：if

　　【译文】如果关于死刑的法案被否决

　　分句二：whose lives may have been saved

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：whose

　　【译文】这些人的生命被拯救。

　　分句三：if the death penalty were in effect

　　类型：条件状语从句;连接词：if

　　【译文】在死刑实施的情况下。

　　【全句译文】如果关于死刑的法案被否决，那么在死刑实施的情况下原本会被拯救的一些人将会被谋杀。

　　2.The researchers found [that, (if meat and dairy consumption patterns remain constant of increase), the associated global agricultural emissions will increase significantly].

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句: The researchers found…

　　【译文】研究者发现……

　　②分句一：that, …, the associated global agricultural emissions will increase significantly

　　类型：宾语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】……全球农业排放量将显著地增加

　　分句二：if meat and dairy consumption patterns remain constant of increase

　　类型：条件状语从句;连接词：if

　　【译文】如果肉和奶制品消费模式持续增加

　　【全句译文】研究者发现，如果肉和奶制品消费模式持续增加，那么全球农业排放量将显著地增加。

　　3.The only reliable way to make their case is, surely, to conduct a proper study, with children randomly allocated to teachers [who use computers] and teachers [who use other methods], including the cheapest of all: chalk and talk.

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：The only reliable way is to conduct a proper study

　　【译文】唯一可靠方法就是进行适当的研究

　　②分句一：who use computers

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：who

　　【译文】使用计算机(的老师)

　　分句二：who use other methods

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：who

　　【译文】使用其他方式(的老师)

　　【全句译文】他们所能采用的唯一可靠方法当然就是进行适当的研究，学生应该是随机分配给使用电脑教学的教师和使用其他方法教学的教师，包括最廉价的方法：粉笔和谈话。

　　4.It is expected {that members will accept the sanitary measures of others as equivalent [if the exporting country demonstrates to the importing country (that its measures achieve the importing country’s appropriate level of health protection)]}.

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：it is expected…

　　②分句一：that members will accept the sanitary measures of others as equivalent…

　　类型：主语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】成员国将把其他成员国的卫生措施当成对应物来接受。

　　分句二：if the exporting country demonstrates to the importing country

　　类型：条件状语从句;连接词：if

　　【译文】如果出口国能像进口国证明

　　分句三：that its measures achieve the importing country’s appropriate level of health protection

　　类型：宾语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】其卫生措施达到后者健康保护的适当标准

　　【全句译文】如果出口国能向进口国证明其卫生措施达到后者健康保护的适当标准，那么预期协议成员国将把其他成员国的卫生措施当成对应物来接受。

　　5.Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting [that the science about global warming is incomplete], [that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for use].

　　这是个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：voices come from many quarters insisting that …

　　【译文】来自四面八方的声音坚持认为……

　　②分句一：that the science about global warming is incomplete

　　类型：宾语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】有关全球气候变暖的科学还不完善

　　分句二：that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for use

　　类型：宾语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】我们能证实这件事之前，仍然可以向大气继续排放废气。

　　【全句译文】就像吸烟问题一样，现在来自四面八方的声音坚持认为，有关全球气候变暖的科学还不完善，因此我们在能证实这件事之前，仍然可以向大气继续排放毒气。

　1.The children is individually equipped, by the complex set of factors [that we term biological heredity], to make all the needed muscular and nervous adjustments [that result in walking].

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：The children is individually equipped.

　　【译文】孩子们个体配备。

　　②分句一：that we term biological heredity

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】我们称之为生物遗传

　　分句二：that result in walking

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】促使行走

　　其他修饰成分：by the complex set … 为方式状语，其中包含一个that引导的定语从句;to make all the needed … 为目的状语，其中包含一个that引导的定语从句。

　　【全句译文】孩子个体配备是有生物遗传这一系列复杂的因素决定的，促使行走所需要的肌肉和神经进行调整。

　　2.{Although they are a little awed by youths [who will work for months (to keep a wilderness area from being mined by developers)]}, value-oriented adults tell parents to admire [their Young and admit that their activities are more worthwhile than swallowing goldfish or seeing (how many kids can crowd themselves into a telephone booth)].

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句: value-oriented adults tell parents to admire…

　　【译文】以价值为导向的成年人告诉父母去欣赏……

　　②分句一：Although they are a little awed by youths…developers

　　类型：让步状语从句;连接词：although

　　【译文】尽管有点敬畏……的年轻人

　　分句二：who will work for months to keep a wilderness area from being mined by developers

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：who

　　【译文】为避免自然保护区被开发者开采而工作几个月

　　分句三：their Young and admit that their activities are more worthwhile than swallowing goldfish or seeing…

　　类型：宾语从句;连接词：省略了that

　　【译文】承认这些年轻人的行动比吞咽金鱼……的行动更有意义

　　分句四：how many kids can crowd themselves into a telephone booth

　　类型：宾语从句;连接词：how

　　【译文】观看有多少小孩能挤进一个电话亭

　　【全句译文】尽管有点敬畏那些为避免自然保护区被开发者开采而工作几个月的年轻人，但这些以价值为导向的成年人告诉父母们去敬佩他们的年轻人(即他们的子女)，去承认这些年轻人的行动比吞咽金鱼或观看多少小孩能挤进一个电话亭的行动更有意义。

　　3.In general, the tests work most effectively [when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined] and least effectively [when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined].

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：The tests work most effectively when…and least effectively when…

　　【译文】当……测试最为有效;当……测试效果最差

　　②分句一：when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined

　　类型：时间状语从句;连接词：when

　　【译文】当所要测定的特征能很精确界定时

　　分句二：when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined

　　类型：时间状语从句;连接词：when

　　【译文】当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时

　　【全句译文】一般来讲，当所要测定的特征能很精确界定时，测试最为有效;而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时，测试的效果则最差。

　　4.One difficulty is [that almost all of (what is called behavioral science) continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on].

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：One difficulty is that …

　　【译文】困难之一在于…

　　②分句一：that almost…continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.

　　类型：表语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】……几乎全部都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。

　　分句二：what is called behavioral science

　　类型：宾语从句(介词of后的宾语);连接词：what

　　【译文】所谓的行为科学

　　【全句译文】困难之一在于：所谓的行为科学几乎全部都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。

　　5.The American economic system is organized around a market-oriented economy [in which consumers largely determine (what shall be produced) by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services they want most.]

　　这是个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：The American economic system is organized around a market-oriented economy

　　【译文】美国的经济体制基本上是以市场经济为中心建立起来的。

　　②分句一：in which consumers largely determine…

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：in which

　　【译文】在这种体制下，消费者在很大程度上决定了……

　　分句二：what shall be produced

　　类型：宾语从句;连接词：what

　　【译文】产品生产

　　【全句译文】美国的经济体制基本上是以市场经济为中心建立起来的。在这种经济体制下，消费者通过在市场上花钱购买他们最需要的产品和服务，在很大程度上决定了产品的生产。

nanafly

2021-05-13 22:50

1.{While it’s true [that techniques of active listening, (such as trying to anticipate the speaker’s next point to taking intelligent notes), can enhance the value of lecture]}, few students possess such skills at the beginning of their college careers.

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：few students possess such skills

　　【译文】很少有学生掌握这些技巧

　　②分句一：while it’s true …

　　类型：让步状语从句;连接词：while

　　【译文】尽管……是真的

　　分句二：that techniques of active listening…can enhance the value of lecture

　　类型：主语从句(it是形式主语);连接词：that

　　【译文】积极听课的技巧能够提高听课的价值，如设法预测说话人的下一个要点以便有选择地记笔记

　　其他修饰成分：such as trying to anticipate the speaker’s next point to taking intelligent notes是插入语;at the beginning of their college careers是时间状语。

　　【全句译文】的确，积极听课的技巧能够提高听课的价值，如设法预测说话人的下一个要点以便有选择地记笔记;但是很少有学生在大学学习的开始阶段就掌握这些技巧。

　　2.Two decades of research produced a consensus among social scientists of both left and right [that family structure has a serious impact on children, even (when controlling for income, race, and other variables)].

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句: Two decades of research produced a consensus

　　【译文】20年的研究产生了一种共识

　　②分句一：that family structure has … variables

　　类型：同位语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】家庭结构对儿童有严重的影响……

　　分句二：even when controlling for income, race, and other variables

　　类型：时间状语从句;连接词：when

　　When引导时间状语从句，其中省略了主语“Two decades of research”同时将谓语变成了非谓语动词形式，由于是主动语态，所以用现在分词形式“controlling”，其中for income, race…为原因状语。

　　【译文】即使当收入、种族和其它可变因素受到控制时也是如此

　　【全句译文】20年的研究在美国左翼和右翼社会科学家中都产生了一种共识，即家庭结构对儿童有严重的影响，即使当收入、种族和其它可变因素受到控制时也是如此。

　　3.In our discussion of instincts we saw {[that there was reason to believe that (whatever we inherit) must be of some very simple sort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of behavior]}.

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：we saw that…

　　【译文】我们相信……

　　②分句一：that there was reason to believe…

　　类型：宾语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】有理由相信……

　　分句二：that …must be of some very simple sort……

　　类型：宾语从句;连接词：that

　　其中，rather than是并列连词，使“some very simple sort”和“any complicated or very definite kind of behavior”并列

　　分句三：whatever we inherit

　　类型：主语从句;连接词：whatever

　　【译文】我们遗传的东西

　　【全句译文】当讨论本能的时候，我们有理由相信所有遗传的东西一定是简单的，而不是复杂的或者某种特定类型的行为。

　　4.Those in charge of running the IT basic facilities are expected to ensure {that operations run efficiently [with minimal downtime and with the ability to troubleshoot (where appropriate)]}.

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：Those are expected to ensure…

　　【译文】人们期望……能确保

　　②分句一：that operations run efficiently ...

　　类型：宾语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】操作有效运行

　　分句二：where appropriate

　　类型：地点状语从句;连接词：where

　　状语从句中省略了主语和系动词“where to troubleshoot is appropriate”

　　其他修饰成分：in charge of running the IT basic facilities做后置定语修饰those;with minimal downtime and with the ability to troubleshoot where appropriate做伴随状语。

　　【全句译文】人们期望负责运行IT基本设施的那些人能确保操作有效地运行、故障时间最小化和有能力在适当的情况下找出故障。

　　5.In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position”.

　　这是个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：the university publicly stressed …

　　【译文】学校公开强调……

　　②分句一：that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position”

　　类型：宾语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】艾莉森之前的工作确保了“耶鲁大学财政状况良好”

　　分句二：when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor

　　类型：非限制性定语从句;连接词：when

　　【译文】剑桥大学任命前艾莉森?理查德为副校长

　　其他修饰成分：another former Yale provost是Alison Richard的同位语

　　【全句译文】2003年，剑桥大学任命前耶鲁大学教务长艾莉森?理查德为副校长。学校公开强调艾莉森之前的工作确保了“耶鲁大学财政状况良好”。

1.This book will be essential reading for those [who enjoyed the first two volumes] and those with a deep interest in understanding this seminal figure and his place in history.

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：This book will be essential reading for those … and those …

　　【译文】对于那些……和那些……来说，这本书将是必要的读物。

　　②分句一：who enjoyed the first two volumes

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：who

　　【译文】喜欢前两卷

　　其他修饰成分：with a deep interest in understanding this seminal figure and his place in history介词短语做后置定语修饰those

　　【全句译文】对喜欢丘吉尔前两册传记的那些人以及对想深度了解有着重大影响的丘吉尔和其历史地位的那些人而言，这本书将是必要的读物。。

　　2.A successful scientist needs to deeply believe, [whatever the problem being tackled], [that there is always a better way to approach that problem than the path currently being taken].

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句: A successful scientist needs to deeply believe …

　　【译文】一个成功的科学家需要坚信……

　　②分句一：whatever the problem being tackled

　　类型：让步状语从句;连接词：whatever

　　【译文】无论要解决的问题是什么

　　分句二：that there is always a better way to approach that problem than the path currently being taken

　　类型：宾语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】总有比目前正在采用的方法更好的途径来解决

　　【全句译文】一个成功的科学家需要坚信，无论要解决的问题是什么，总有比目前正在采用的方法更好的途径来加以解决。

　　3.Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university [because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college].

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：Research experience is an essential element

　　【译文】研究经验是基本要素

　　②分句一：because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college

　　类型：原因状语从句;连接词：because

　　【译文】因为正是对研究的重视使这种大学得以区别于一般的文科学院

　　其他修饰成分：of hiring and promotion at a research university介词短语做后置定语修饰element

　　【全句译文】在研究性大学里，研究经验是人才招聘和晋升的基本要素，因为正是对研究的重视使这种大学得以区别于一般的文科院校。

　　4.But these days, they find themselves grappling with a dilemma, [as their tradition of openness clashes with the fear (that well-intentioned research could be missed to develop bio-weapons)].

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：they find themselves grappling with a dilemma

　　【译文】他们发现自己陷入了进退两难的境地

　　②分句一：as their tradition of openness clashes with the fear ...

　　类型：原因状语从句;连接词：as

　　【译文】因为他们对于成果一贯的公开性与某种恐惧产生冲突

　　分句二：that well-intentioned research could be missed to develop bio-weapons

　　类型：同位语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】出于良性目的研究会被误用来研发化学武器

　　【全句译文】但是最近，他们发现自己陷入了进退两难的境地，因为他们对于成果一贯的公开性与某种恐惧产生冲突，担心出于良性目的研究会被误用来研发化学武器。

　　5.[Before the world gets to that point], the drawing together of both human and computer intelligence will almost certainly help to tackle pressing problems [that cannot otherwise be solved].

　　这是个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：the drawing together of both human and computer intelligence will almost certainly help to tackle pressing problems…

　　【译文】人类和计算机智能整合在一起，几乎肯定有助于解决紧迫问题

　　②分句一：before the world gets to that point

　　类型：时间状语从句;连接词：before

　　【译文】在世界面临那一天之前

　　分句二：that cannot otherwise be solved

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】其他方式不能解决的

　　【全句译文】但是在世界面临那一天之前，人类和计算机智能整合在一起，几乎肯定有助于解决以其他方式不能解决的紧迫问题。

　1.But it is useless to try to discourage someone [who feels (that he must act), (though the chances of this becoming famous are slim)].

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：it is useless to try to discourage someone

　　【译文】试图阻止某人是没有用的

　　②分句一：who feels…

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：who

　　分句二：that he must act

　　类型：宾语从句;连接词：that

　　分句三：though the chances of this becoming famous are slim

　　类型：让步状语从句;连接词：though

　　【全句译文】试图去阻止那些在成名的机会很渺茫的情况下仍然想要当演员的年轻人是徒劳的。

　　2.The transformation has occurred so quickly {that myths and misperceptions abound [about the challenges and opportunities (that China poses to America and the rest of the world)]}.

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句: the transformation has occurred so quickly

　　【译文】这种转变太过迅速

　　② 分句一：that myths and misperceptions…of the world

　　类型：结果状语从句;连接词：that

　　分句二：that China poses to America and the rest of the world

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：that

　　【译文】中国给美国和世界其他国家带来……

　　【全句译文】这种转变太过迅速，以至于出现大量有关中国给美国和世界其他国家带来挑战的传说和误解。

　　3.A dog who did comparative psychology might easily worry about our consciousness or lack thereof, just as we worry about the consciousness of a squid.

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：A dog might easily worry about our consciousness or lack thereof

　　【译文】一只狗可能容易担心我们人类的知觉或对知觉的缺乏

　　②分句一：who did comparative psychology

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：who

　　【译文】学习比较心理学

　　分句二：as we worry about the consciousness of a squid

　　类型：比较状语从句;连接词：as

　　【译文】正如我们担心一只鱿鱼的知觉一样

　　【全句译文】一只学习过比较心理学的狗可能很容易担心我们人类的知觉或对知觉的缺乏，正如我们担心一只鱿鱼的知觉一样。

　　4.The other was [that by surfing the Web, Europeans (who had previously encountered English only in school and in pop songs) were now coming into contact with it daily].

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：The other was…

　　②分句一：that by surfing the web, Europeans…

　　类型：表语从句;连接词：that

　　分句二：who had previously encountered English only in school and in pop songs

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：who

　　【译文】曾经只是在学校和流行歌曲中接触过英语的

　　【全句译文】另一方面在于，通过在网上冲浪，那些曾经只是在学校和流行歌曲中接触过英语的欧洲人现在每天都会接触到英语。

　　5.These changes are so dramatic [that it is not clear (whether the net economic effects from climate change over the next century will be harmful or helpful)].

　　这是个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：These changes are so dramatic

　　【译文】这些变化如此引人注目

　　②分句一：that it is not clear…

　　类型：结果状语从句;连接词：that

　　分句二：whether the net economic effects from climate change over the next century will be harmful or helpful

　　类型：主语从句;连接词：whether

　　【译文】不清楚下个世纪的气候变化所带来的净余经济效应是积极的还是消极的

　　【全句译文】这些变化如此引人注目，以至于不清楚下个世纪的气候变化所带来的净余经济效应是积极的还是消极的。

1.Active learning, in which students write essays or perform experiments and then have their work evaluated by an instructor, is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn.

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：active learning is far more beneficial for those

　　【译文】主动学习对那些人来说益处要大得多

　　②分句一：in which students write essays or perform experiments and then have their work evaluated by an instructor

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：which

　　【译文】学生写文章或做实验，然后由教师评价他们的作业

　　分句二：who have not yet fully learned how to learn

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：who

　　【译文】没有完全掌握学习方法的学生

　　【全句译文】主动学习时学生写文章或做实验，然后由教师评价他们的作业。因此主动学习对那些还没有完全掌握学习方法的学生来说益处要大得多。

　　2.No matter what you buy, shoes, pants or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR, if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer, you can return them within 30 days.

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句: you can return them within 30 days

　　【译文】你可以在30天内退货

　　②分句一：no matter what you buy

　　类型：让步状语从句;连接词：no matter what

　　【译文】无论你买了什么

　　分句二：if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer

　　类型：条件状语从句;连接词：if

　　【译文】如果你发现他们有问题，或者只是不喜欢它们了

　　【全句译文】不管你买什么，鞋子、裤子或者是电视和录像机这样的高价商品，如果你发现他们有问题，或只是不喜欢它们了，你都可以在30天内退货。

　　3.Such questions are intended to protect the public, based on the idea that impaired or distressed physicians could endanger patients.

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：Such questions are intended to protect the public

　　【译文】这些问题意在保护公众

　　②分句：that impaired or distressed physicians could endanger patients

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：who

　　【译文】有缺陷或焦虑的医生可能会危害病人

　　【全句译文】基于有缺陷或焦虑的医生可能会危害病人的这种想法，这些问题在保护公众。

　　4.If people read them literally, they would soon be forced to realize their error when the glamorous promises held out by the adverts didn’t materialize.

　　这是一个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：They would soon be forced to realize their error

　　【译文】他们很快就会被迫去认识自己的错误

　　②分句一：If people read them literally

　　类型：条件状语从句;连接词：if

　　【译文】如果人们从字面上去理解它们

　　分句二：when the glamorous promises held out by the adverts didn’t materialize

　　类型：时间状语从句;连接词：when

　　【译文】当广告所展现的美好承诺不能实现时

　　【全句译文】如果人们从字面上去理解它们(即广告)，那么当广告所展现的美好承诺不能实现时，他们很快就会被迫去认识自己的错误。

　　5.Part of the answer is that science works best when there is a deep mutual trust and understanding between the collaborators, which is hard to develop from a distance.

　　这是个主从复合句。

　　原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

　　①主句：Part of the answer is…

　　【译文】答案的一部分是……

　　②分句一：that science works best…

　　类型：表语从句;连接词：that

　　分句二：when there is a deep mutual trust and understanding between the collaborators

　　类型：时间状语从句;连接词：when

　　【译文】当合作者之间有深厚的相互信任和理解时

　　分句三：which is hard to develop from a distance

　　类型：定语从句;连接词：which

　　【译文】这是网络学习无法获得的。

　　【全句译文】答案的一部分是，当合作者之间有深厚的相互信任和理解时，科学才能发挥最大的作用。而这是网络学习无法获得的。

查看完整版本: [-- 2021年考博英语长难句解析集锦 --] [-- top --]

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