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2006-12-01 00:15 |
英语中基本句式
英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: hnmFhJ !g S十V主谓结构 `3*>tq S十V十F主系表结构 J<V}g v S十V十O主谓宾结构 #<MLW4P S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 M%
1-fd S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 f8B*D4R} 说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 [`yiD> 五个基本句式详细解释如下: Z[slN5]([ 1.S十V句式 sO~N2 在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: JU1U=Lu." He runs quickly. |bVNlL"xN 他跑得快。 iEsI They listened carefully. (IAl$IP63s 他们听得很仔细。 <xOpm8 He suffered from cold and hunger. xEOR\(Z^ 他挨冻受饿。 DOw<
XlvC China belongs to the third world country. {(7Dz*0 中国属于第三世界国家。 \@:pWe The gas has given out. POtDg
e 煤气用完了。 49@
pA- My ink has run out. |rq~.cA 我的钢笔水用完了。 $xvEYK 2.S十V十P句式 ~bWqoJ;Q 在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: >6@*%LM He is older than he looks. 3BKW 他比看上去要老。 bsR^H5O@ He seen interested in the book. @433?g`2b 他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 tPDV"Md#m< The story sounds interesting. Vj:)w<], 这个故事听起来有趣。 %&V<kH"7Q{ The desk feels hard. E"x 2 jP 书桌摸起来很硬。 YEXJh!X The cake tastes nice. 6(ju!pE` 饼尝起来很香。 n'ZlIh The flowers smell sweet and nicc.
sFx$ 花闻起来香甜。 ' f}^/`J You have grown taller than before. h7~&rWb 你长得比以前高了。 dGQy=T: He has suddenly fallen ill. R D=!
No? 他突然病倒了。 sog?Mvoq He stood quite still. oHxaa>C> 他静静地站看。 $gJMF( He becomes a teacher when he grew up. x1|5q/I 他长大后当了教师。 v )%EG He could never turn traitor to his country. C3G?dZKv
2 他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 ZT"?W $ 注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: S]K^wj[ He looked me up and down. QEQ8gfN9> 他上下打量我。 q.
K >v' He reached his hand to feel the elephant. 4AZlr*U 他伸出手来摸象。 _@F4s They are tasting the fish. f$*M;|c1c/ 他们在品尝鱼。 p#^L
ZX They grow rice in their home town. sN5
x\9U 他们在家乡种水稻。 HTQ.kV He's got a chair to sit on. MR#jI 他有椅子坐。 I@pnZ-5 Please turn the sentence into English. W=GNo9: 请把这个句于泽成英语。 o!sxfJKl 3.S十V十O句式 jcXb@FE6 在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: q>]v~ I saw a film yesterday. y?_tSnDK 我昨天看了一部电影。 hy
W4= Have you read the story? RNl%n} 你读过这个故事吗? zw\"!=r^ They found their home easily. _^#PV} 他们很容易找到他们的家。 K 2LLuS! They built a house last year. 4w2V["?X1 他们去年建了一所房子。 4)/tCv They've put up a factory in the village. ]L}<Y9)t 他们在村里建了一座工厂。 cvn,&G-` They have taken good care of the children. je_77G(F 这些孩子他们照看得很好。 XO"!)q F You should look after your children well. }gag?yQ.^ 你应该好好照看你的孩子。 @B7; 4.S十V十O1十O2句式 0kmVP~K 在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: ]2h~Db= He gave me a book/a book to me. 6CY_8/:zL 他给我一本书。 m[ifcDZ(e He brought me a pen/a pen to me. s8.oS);` 他带给我一枝钢笔。 yK{ ;72 He offered me his seat/his seat to me. >
'Y] C\ 他把座位让给我。 mfeyR
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: Z~T- *1V Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 8Vl!&j0s^ 妈妈给我买了一本书。 li/IKS)e$ He got me a chair/a chair for me. /x0zZ+}V 他给我弄了一把椅子。 An/)|B4 Please do me a favor/a favor for me. s49AF 请帮我一下。 4;w_o9o He asked me a question/a question of me. 5#QB&A>
他问我个问题。 l~ F,i n. 注意,下边动词只有一种说法: !. q*bY They robbed the old man of his money. DX4
95<6* 他们抢了老人的钱。 JGGss5 He's warned me of the danger. cN&b$8O=% 他警告我注意危险。 ]C5JP~#z The doctor has cured him of his disease. I#uJdV|x 医生治好了他的病。 Fc 5g~T We must rid the house of th erats. crZ\:LeJ 我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 7/Ve=7] They deprived him of his right to speak. !{Y$5)Xh`] 他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 T][\wyLx1 5.S十V十O十C句式 33"{"2==` 在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 "xnek8F 常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 ")x9A&
p They made the girl angry. E*rDwTd 他们使这个女孩生气了。 P9X/yZ42 They found her happy that day. tao3Xr^? 他们发现那天她很高兴。 . +.Y`0 I found him out. qC`"<R=GX 我发现他出去了。 IE'OK I saw him in. Q0ev*MS9Z 我见他在家。 V`@@ufU} They saw a foot mark in the sand. 8.]dThaq 他们发现沙地上有脚印。 2 B5kpmH: They named the boy Charlie. aViJ?* 他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 ed>_=i I saw him come in and go out. G
8akMd]2 我见他进来又出去。 BD,~M*%z They felt the car moving fast. OO53U=NU 他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 f>Bcr9]] I heard the glass broken just now. YR~g&E#U^ 我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 :jB(!XH He found the doctor of study closed to him. -D{~7& 他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。
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