wei0610 |
2008-05-18 12:18 |
考博英语——VOA Special English 基础词汇手册(1)
By Voice of America ^saH^kg1" Broadcast: Monday, March 28, 2005 Q(J6;s#b ©2001 Voice Of America, ©2005 Merriam-Webster Inc. pAd 8-a A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z M@b:~mI[sw Parts of Speech r#CQCq Prefixes ;j]-;wg-; Expressions Ckc4U. t| Science Words (s2ke Organs of the Body W%bzA11l PARTS OF SPEECH B5iVT<:a • n. (noun) - a name word j~@Hj$APa` • v. (verb) - an action word 1\'zq;I~ • ad. (adjective/adverb) - a describing word !^:)zORYR • prep. (preposition) - a word used to show a relation t kJw}W1@ • pro. (pronoun) - a word used in place of a noun d?uN6JH9 • conj. (conjunction) - a joining word PfRe)JuB 注:用鼠标左键点击带有下划线的单词词条即可听到发音 D|`I"N[< A =83FCq" • a - ad. one; any; each "DniDA • able - v. having the power to do something I#m0n%-[ • about - ad. almost ("about half"); of or having a relation to ("We talk about the weather.") ~rWys= • above - ad. at a higher place Hmi]qK[F • accept - v. to agree to receive XsVp7zk\ • accident - n. something that happens by chance or mistake; an unplanned event ph;ds+b
• accuse - v. to say a person is responsible for an act or crime; to make a statement against someone o'8`>rb • across - ad. from side to side; to the other side iksd^\]f • act - v. to do something <oc"!c;T • activist - n. one who seeks change through action :Rq>a@Rp • actor - n. someone acting in a play or show (")IU{>c6 • add - v. to put (something) with another to make it larger; to say more ^s_BY+# • administration - n. the executive part of a government, usually headed by a president or prime minister ,1}c% C*,Q • admit - v. to accept ("admitted to the United Nations"); to express one's guilt or responsibility ("He admitted that what he did was wrong.") |NsrO8H
• adult - n. a grown person 9F
&s9(=\ • advise - v. to help with information, knowledge or ideas in making a decision P}AfXgr • affect - v. to produce an effect on; to influence ("A lack of sleep affected the singer's performance.") m|}};8 • afraid - ad. feeling fear oY#62&wk4 • after - ad. later; behind zuq7 x
7 • again - ad. another time; as before -/k;VT| • against - ad. opposed to; not agreeing with something yO7xAb
• age - n. how old a person or thing is <d$L}uQwg • agency - n. an organization that is part of a larger group ("an agency of the United Nations") ?-y!FD}m& • aggression - n. an attack against a person or country; the violation of a country's borders OqaVp/, • ago - ad. of time past; before now &rcC7v K9 • agree - v. to have the same belief as someone; to be willing to do something >8pmClVvmR • agriculture - n. farming zPC&p{S> • aid - v. to help; to support; n. help, assistance VeJ
M=s.y7 • aim - v. to point a gun at; n. a goal or purpose ~(BvIzzD • air - n. the mixture of gases around the earth, mostly nitrogen and oxygen, that we breathe lO Rym:P • air force - n. a military organization using airplanes &s +DK` • airplane - n. a vehicle with wings that flies qB`-[A9HPe • airport - n. a place where airplanes take off and land `YZK$
-, • album - n. a collection of recorded music ,}("es\b • alcohol - n. a strong, colorless liquid, usually made from grain, used as a drug or in industrial products aetK<9L$ • alive - ad. having life; not dead /GzA89N( • all - ad. everything; everyone; the complete amount XzX-Q'i=n0 • ally - n. a nation or person joined with another for a special purpose *bl*R'; • almost - ad. a little less than completely S690Y]:h$v • alone - ad. separated from others wTpjM@F?J| • along - ad. near or on ("along the road") 7+,6m!4 • already - ad. before now; even now y5td o'Ex • also - ad. added to; too ^`W8>czi • although - conj. even if it is true that @AXRKYQ{t • always - ad. at all times; every time ZQZBap" • ambassador - n. a nation's highest diplomatic representative (to another government) @_gCGI>Q • amend - v. to add to or to change (a proposal or law) A]z~Dw3
• ammunition - n. the bullets or shells fired from guns M@G <I]\ • among - ad. in or part of (a group) zL1*w@6 • amount - n. the number, size or weight of anything dSD7(s! • anarchy - n. a lack of order; lawlessness j^t#>tZS • ancestor - n. a family member from the past 9]ga\>v • ancient - ad. very old; long ago _K4Igq • and - conj. also; in addition to; with X3z$f(lF%) • anger - n. a strong emotion against someone or something `
>w4G|{ • animal - n. a living creature that moves, such as a dog or cat h
0EpW5 • anniversary - n. a yearly celebration or observance of an event that happened in the past {,Y?+F • announce - v. to make known publicly; to declare officially ]kJinXHW • another - ad. one more; a different one &rTOJ1)V} • answer - n. a statement produced by a question; v. to make a statement after being asked a question N36<EHq • any - ad. one or more of no special kind ^-s'Ad3 • apologize - v. to express regret for a mistake or accident for which one accepts responsibility U_/sY9gz( • appeal - v. to take to a higher court, person or group for a decision; to call on somebody for help fM[Qn
*. • appear - v. to show oneself; to come into sight; to seem P1<Y7+n • appoint - v. to name; to choose ("appoint a judge") l?F&I.{J • approve - v. to agree with; to agree to support ^)r^k8y' • archeology - n. the scientific study of past human life and activities ~Rs_ep'+Q2 • area - n. any place or part of it \#(3r1( • argue - v. to offer reasons for or against something; to dispute; to disagree 6x1!!X+)+ • arms - n. military equipment; weapons s0}OsHAj • army - n. military ground forces &3
QdQn, • around - ad. on every side (of) F9hh- "(Z • arrest - v. to seize a person for legal action; to take as a prisoner 0K\Xxo.= • arrive - v. to come to a place, especially at the end of a trip ?tWcx;h:> • art - n. expressions or creations by humans, such as paintings, music, writing or statues 7Z-'@m • artillery - n. big guns
E *[dc • as - conj. equally ("as fast as"); when; while jv:!vi: • ash - n. the part left after something burns `0l)\ • ask - v. to question; to say something is wanted ("We ask the teacher questions every day.") xc%\%8C} • assist - v. to help EXlmIY4
• astronaut - n. a person who travels in space s
"KPTV • astronomy - n. the scientific study of stars and the universe
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N • asylum - n. political protection given by a government to a person from another country :r?gD2q • at - prep. in or near ("at the edge"); where ("look at"); when ("at noon") P\;L#2n • atmosphere - n. the gases surrounding any star or planet m/,.3v • attach - v. to tie together; to connect Eei"baw/ • attack - n. a violent attempt to damage, injure or kill; v. to start a fight cC{eu[ XW • attempt - v. to work toward something; to try; to make an effort )ZxDfRjL • attend - v. to be present at 72hN%l • automobile - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; a car (w31W[V'# • autumn - n. the time of the year between summer and winter
bRSE"B • average - n. something (a number) representing the middle; ad. common; normal k)Y}X)\36 • avoid - v. to stay away from fE1B1j< • awake - ad. not sleeping v-zi ,]W • award - n. an honor or prize for an act or service \#LkzN8 • away - ad. not near l@ +lUx8 B 4CO"> : • baby - n. a newly born creature [E9V#J89 • back - n. the part behind the front; ad. the other way from forward m5!~PG:_
• bad - ad. wrong; acting against the law; not good }ll&qb • balance - v. to make two sides or forces equal UKYQ @m • ball - n. something round D?+\"lI • balloon - n. a device of strong, light material that rises when filled with gas lighter than air !VaKq_W • ballot - n. a piece of paper used for voting F.zx]][JV • ban - v. to not permit; to stop; n. an official restriction 4&
r5M • bank - n. an organization that keeps and lends money sK)fEx • bar - v. to prevent or block G`n|fuv • barrier - n. anything that blocks or makes an action difficult N$\'X<{ • base - n. a military center; v. to establish as a fact ("Her research was based on experiments.") 2nNBX2o&_ • battle - n. a fight between opposing armed forces w_c)iJ • be - v. to live; to happen; to exist d:Y!!LV-@L • beat - v. to hit again and again o1Bn^
w • beauty - ad. that which pleases the eye, ear or spirit j@N z • because - prep. for the reason that ("He left because he was sick.") C`G+b{o • become - v. to come to be W''%{A/' • bed - n. a sleeping place @uh^)6i]/ • before - prep. earlier i D6f/|g • begin - v. to do the first part of an action; to start
Nk.m$ • behind - ad. at the back of; in back of ^Rr!YnEN • believe - v. to think; to feel sure of; to accept as true; to trust CbvP1*1 • bell - n. an instrument that makes a musical sound ("a church bell") xq6
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9 • belong - v. to be owned by; to be a member of :n#8/'%1 • below - ad. lower than ;(&$Iw9X • best - ad. the most good X;e=d+pw • betray - v. to turn against; to be false to XmZs4~\K$G • better - ad. more good than 6o5NeKZ • between - ad. in the space or time that separates; from one to the other ("talks between two nations") Vy.gr4Cm • big - ad. of great size; not small 'CQ~ZV5 • bill - n. a legislative proposal 0W_oln
Z • biology - n. the scientific study of life or living things in all their forms ]\~s83?X • bird - n. a creature that flies .O yzM • bite - v. to cut with the teeth :P2{^0$ • black - ad. dark; having the color like that of the night sky ;[qA?<GJ • blame - v. to accuse; to hold responsible CXQ +h • blanket - n. a cloth cover used to keep warm WyA`V C • bleed - v. to lose blood mNII-XG • blind - ad. not able to see pZ`^0#Fo • block - v. to stop something from being done; to prevent movement `4SwdW n • blood - n. red fluid in the body +g9CklJ • blow - v. to move with force, as in air ("The wind blows.") vVbBg; { • blue - ad. having the color like that of a clear sky +#RgHo?f • boat - n. something built to travel on water that carries people or goods [ML|,kq! • body - n. all of a person or animal; the remains of a person or animal .OM^@V~T • boil - v. to heat a liquid until it becomes very hot >;K!yI?0 • bomb - n. a device that explodes with great force; v. to attack or destroy with bombs
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• bone - n. the hard material in the body *Cj<Vy • book - n. a long written work for reading (v,g=BS, • border - n. a dividing line between nations c]/X
>8; • born - v. to come to life; to come into existence S4Q
fx6:~h • borrow - v. to take as a loan
Hk 0RT%PK • both - ad. not just one of two, but the two together r`\6+ Ntb. • bottle - n. a container, usually made of glass, to hold liquid 3/{,}F$ • bottom - ad. the lowest part of something
N Zu2D • box - n. something to put things into; a container, usually made of paper or wood Q{o ]^tN • boy - n. a young male person =h>jo&=Wad • boycott - v. to refuse to take part in or deal with `C&@6{L • brain - n. the control center of thought, emotions and body activity of all creatures jmBsPSGIC • brave - ad. having no fear
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• bread - n. a food made from grain =c;.cW • break - v. to divide into parts by force; to destroy grxlGS~Q • breathe - v. to take air into the body and let it out again -NPX;e$< • bridge - n. a structure built over a waterway, valley or road so people and vehicles can cross from one side to the other GK`U<.[c • brief - ad. short; not long X/f?=U • bright - ad. giving much light; strong and clear in color n`X}&(O • bring - v. to come with something szs.B|3X@* • broadcast - v. to send information, stories or music by radio or television; n. a radio or television program 4*&2D-8<K • brother - n. a male with the same father or mother as another person x
yrlR;Sk • brown - ad. having the color like that of coffee ,Ma%"cWVC • budget - n. a spending plan `D? &)Y • build - v. to join materials together to make something V4ybrUWK • building - n. anything built for use as a house, factory, office, school, store or place of entertainment FL[,?RU?2 • bullet - n. a small piece of metal shot from a gun \'6%Ld5km • burn - v. to be on fire; to destroy or damage by fire ?$6(@>`f&t • burst - v. to break open suddenly Xd@ d$ • bury - v. to put into the ground and cover with earth G.~Ffk
• bus - n. a public vehicle to carry people 5
)z'= • business - n. one's work; buying and selling to earn money; trade y-uSpW • busy - ad. doing something; very active !PfdY&.) • but - conj. however; other than; yet Y^QG\6q • buy - v. to get by paying something, usually money H}cq|hodn • by - conj. near; at; next to ("by the road"); from ("a play by William Shakespeare"); not later than ("by midnight") @5h(bL
EP C CsJ&,(s( • cabinet - n. a group of ministers that helps lead a government 1nR\m+{ • call - v. to give a name to ("I call myself John."); to ask for or request ("They called for an end to the fighting.") =@P]eK
/ • calm - ad. quiet; peaceful; opposite tense Eih6?Lpu • camera - n. a device for taking pictures '3=@UBs • camp - n. a place with temporary housing /<k]mY cu • campaign - n. a competition by opposing political candidates seeking support from voters; a connected series of military actions during a war 0|| 5r# • can - v. to be able to; to have the right to; n. a container used to hold liquid or food, usually made of metal ,rX|_4n* • cancel - v. to end; to stop 0.&-1pw • cancer - n. a disease in which dangerous cells grow quickly and destroy parts of the body bb}Fu/S • candidate - n. a person who seeks or is nominated for an office or an honor A$n: • capital - n. the official center of a government; the city where a country's government is 5nXmaj • capitalism - n. an economic system in which the production of most goods and services is owned and operated for profit by private citizens or companies V6&
6I • capture - v. to make a person or animal a prisoner; to seize or take by force; to get control of ~!P&LZ • car - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; an automobile; a part of a train j9R+;u/! • care - v. to like; to protect; to feel worry or interest Bo;
{ QoB • careful - ad. acting safely; with much thought ,+v>(h>q • carry - v. to take something or someone from one place to another |Es,$ • case (court) - n. a legal action =
O|}R • case (medical) - n. an incident of disease ("There was only one case of chicken pox at the school.") !$p E=~1C • cat - n. a small animal that often lives with humans ^fP5@T*f • catch - v. to seize after a chase; to stop and seize with the hands |(=b • cause - v. to make happen; n. the thing or person that produces a result }"STc&1 • cease-fire - n. a halt in fighting, usually by agreement H-3*},9 • celebrate - v. to honor a person or event with special activities )B
Z6QO`5n • center - n. the middle of something; the place in the middle; a place that is the main point of an activity h#Z~x • century - n. one hundred years x_- SAyH • ceremony - n. an act or series of acts done in a special way established by tradition ~<"{u-q#K • chairman - n. a person leading a meeting or an organized group 0GQKM~|H • champion - n. the best; the winner or(P?Ro • chance - n. a possibility of winning or losing or that something will happen QzY5S0 • change - v. to make different; to become different QC(ce)Y • charge - v. to accuse someone of something, usually a crime; n. a statement in which someone is accused of something 6 )lWuY]e • chase - v. to run or go after someone or something dB8
e • cheat - v. to get by a trick; to steal from PJAM_K; • cheer - v. to shout approval or praise TV
K*l* • chemical - n. elements found in nature or made by people; substances used in the science of chemistry ]Aj5 K • chemistry - n. the scientific study of substances, what they are made of, how they act under different conditions, and how they form other substances {5(M • chief - n. the head or leader of a group; ad. leading; most important :H/Rhx= • child - n. a baby; a boy or girl bQHJ}aCi • children - n. more than one child ,vB nr_D# • choose - v. to decide between two or more vV>=Uvm • circle - n. a closed shape that has all its points equally distant from the center, like an "O" ufN`=IJ% • citizen - n. a person who is a member of a country by birth or by law <FwAV=}6p • city - n. any important large town SKo*8r • civilian - ad. not military N~DO_^ • civil rights - n. the political, economic and social rights given equally to all people of a nation GK{~n • claim - v. to say something as a fact `~1#X • clash - n. a battle; v. to fight or oppose X(Lz&fkd • clean - v. to make pure; ad. free from dirt or harmful substances ("clean water") ODKS6E1{ • clear - ad. easy to see or see through; easily understood =-!B4G$ • clergy - n. a body of officials within a religious organization >[g.8'hI • climate - n. the normal weather conditions of a place /U="~{*-R • climb - v. to go up or down something by using the feet and sometimes the hands W,.Exh • clock - n. a device that measures and shows time (]$&.gE.F • close - v. to make something not open; ad. near to A s8IjGNs{ • cloth - n. a material made from plants, chemicals, animal hair and other substances ~/!jKH7`j • clothes - n. what people wear q5.
5%W • cloud - n. a mass of fog high in the sky F ZN}T{< • coal - n. a solid black substance used as fuel ZBjb f_M: • coalition - n. forces, groups or nations joined together IW=%2n(<1 • coast - n. land on the edge of the ocean ~uuM0POo • coffee - n. a drink made from the plant of the same name A6#v6 iT • cold - ad. not warm; having or feeling great coolness or a low temperature J7
4kK#uF= • collect - v. to bring or gather together in one place; to demand and receive ("collect taxes") [k=LX+w@ • college - n. a small university .19_EQ>+ • colony - n. land controlled by another country or government WB" 90! • color - n. the different effects of light on the eye, making blue, red, brown, black, yellow and others :Y4G
^i • combine - v. to mix or bring together C`\yc_b9Pf • come - v. to move toward; to arrive J:\O .F#Fi • command - v. to order; to have power over something I} \`l+ • comment - v. to say something about; to express an opinion about something _
Uv3glK • committee - n. a group of people given special work F "-GhjK • common - ad. usual; same for all ("a common purpose") _:G>bU/^ • communicate - v. to tell; to give or exchange information >"D0vj • community - n. a group of people living together in one place or area SKJ'6*6 • company - n. a business organized for trade, industrial or other purposes kj`h{Wc[) • compare - v. to examine what is different or similar `Wu.wx • compete - v. to try to do as well as, or better than, another or others <'O|7.
^^ • complete - ad. having all parts; ended or finished >x${I`2w • complex - ad. of or having many parts that are difficult to understand; not simple <KZ J • compromise - n. the settlement of an argument where each side agrees to accept less than first demanded UL3u2g;d • computer - n. an electronic machine for storing and organizing information, and for communicating with others #G("Oh • concern - n. interest, worry ("express concern about"); v. to fear ("to be concerned") 5,du2 • condemn - v. to say a person or action is wrong or bad V4|l7 • condition - n. something declared necessary to complete an agreement; a person's health qhNYQ/uS • conference - n. a meeting 8[u$CTl7a • confirm - v. to approve; to say that something is true UeaHH]U • conflict - n. a fight; a battle, especially a long one @&2#kO~= • congratulate - v. to praise a person or to express pleasure for success or good luck yj
mNeZ • Congress - n. the organization of people elected to make the laws of the United States (the House of Representatives and the Senate); a similar organization in other countries I0OfK3!^ • connect - v. to join one thing to another; to unite; to link CPu~^ik • conservative - n. one who usually supports tradition and opposes great change XI5q>cd\Sz • consider - v. to give thought to; to think about carefully (&qjY
I • constitution - n. the written general laws and ideas that form a nation's system of government 9S{0vc/2@ • contain - v. to hold; to include Bmi9U • container - n. a box, bottle or can used to hold something 2%@<A • continent - n. any of the seven great land areas of the world n<MreKixE • continue - v. to go on doing or being 8z*/J=n • control - v. to direct; to have power over \_|r>vQ • convention - n. a large meeting for a special purpose EV N:3 • cook - v. to heat food before eating it MW)=l
| G • cool - ad. almost cold yo#fJ` • cooperate - v. to act or work together >2K:O\& • copy - v. to make something exactly like another; n. something made to look exactly like another 7R>Pk9J • corn - n. a food grain r#WAS2.TP • correct - ad. true; free from mistakes; v. to change to what is right P6;Cohfh • cost - n. the price or value of something ("The cost of the book is five dollars."); v. to be valued at ("The book costs five dollars.") rTM0[2N • cotton - n. a material made from a plant of the same name ;r3|EA35 • count - v. to speak or add numbers (J`E
C • country - n. a nation; the territory of a nation; land away from cities %o#|zaK
• court - n. where trials take place; where judges make decisions about law (W_U<~`t • cover - v. to put something over a person or thing; n. anything that is put over a person or thing Z_[jah • cow - n. a farm animal used for its milk HH'5kE0;d • crash - v. to fall violently; to hit with great force A{ a`%FAV • create - v. to make; to give life or form to x-@6U • creature - n. any living being; any animal or human +
zSdP2s • credit - n. an agreement that payments will be made at a later time G:{\-R' • crew - n. a group of people working together C07 U.nzh • crime - n. an act that violates a law zNJ-JIo% • criminal - n. a person who is responsible for a crime !!UQ,yU • crisis - n. an extremely important time when something may become much better or worse; a dangerous situation @3I/57u< • criticize - v. to say what is wrong with something or someone; to condemn; to judge lcEin*
Oc • crop - n. plants that are grown and gathered for food, such as grains, fruits and vegetables f7j9'k • cross - v. to go from one side to another; to go across </Ry4x^A • crowd - n. a large number of people gathered in one place >O}J*4A>+# • crush - v. to damage or destroy by great weight; to defeat completely %Dm:|><V$b • cry - v. to express or show sorrow or pain S#^-VZ~U4x • culture - n. all the beliefs, traditions and arts of a group or population [5QbE$ • cure - v. to improve health; to make well ("The doctor can cure the disease."); n. something that makes a sick person well ("Antibiotics are a cure for infection.") xsSX~` • curfew - n. an order to people to stay off the streets or to close their businesses E>O1dPZcM • current - n. movement of air, water or electricity; ad. belonging to the present time ("She found the report in a current publication.") P(Ve'
wOaf • custom - n. a long-established belief or activity of a people xzTF| Z\ • customs - n. taxes on imports nV&v@g4Tt • cut - v. to divide or injure with a sharp tool; to make less; to reduce TeWpdUCO ?<-ins D HVK./yqy • dam - n. a wall built across a river to hold back flowing water :pPn)j$ • damage - v. to cause injury or destruction; n. harm; hurt or injury, usually to things X3,+aL` • dance - v. to move the body and feet to music; n. a series of steps, usually to music "4e{Cq • danger - n. a strong chance of suffering injury, damage or loss "=\@
a= • dark - ad. having little or no light ("The room was dark.") Bwg\_:vq • date - n. an expression of time; a day, month and year P V,AN
• daughter - n. a person's female child ,?zOJ,wl • day - n. twenty-four hours; the hours of sunlight
&u7oa • dead - ad. not living \cR
e,(?O • deaf - ad. not able to hear /yS/*ET8 • deal - v. to have to do with ("The talks will deal with the problem of pollution."); to buy or sell ("Her company deals in plastic.") Wg
?P" • debate - v. to argue for or against something; n. a public discussion or argument t`y*oRy • debt - n. something that is owed; the condition of owing
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#KZE • decide - v. to choose; to settle; to judge @O%d2bgEWV • declare - v. to say; to make a statement KK4"H]!. • decrease - v. to make less in size or amount kw.IVz< • deep - ad. going far down; a long way from top to bottom K7N.gT*4 • defeat - v. to cause to lose in a battle or struggle; n. a loss; the condition of having lost ccu13Kr>E • defend - v. to guard or fight against attack; to protect ,,KGcDBj • deficit - n. a shortage that results when spending is greater than earnings, or imports are greater than exports jJDYl( [ • define - v. to give the meaning of; to explain @"E{gM@B • degree - n. a measure of temperature uepL"%.@7| • delay - v. to decide to do something at a later time; to postpone; to cause to be late T11;LSD • delegate - n. one sent to act for another; one who represents another ;&%G)f • demand - v. to ask by ordering; to ask with force --9Z
• democracy - n. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders or to make other important decisions hfuGCD6F` • demonstrate - v. to make a public show of opinions or feelings ("The crowd demonstrated in support of human rights."); to explain by using examples ("The teacher demonstrated the idea with an experiment.") 3 @7<e~f • denounce - v. to accuse of being wrong or evil; to criticize severely M?fRiOj • deny - v. to declare that something is not true; to refuse a request ?dcR!-3 • depend - v. to need help and support 6Y[|xu:N8Y • deplore - v. to regret strongly; to express sadness k;9"L90 • deploy - v. to move forces or weapons into positions for action =!cI@TI • depression - n. severe unhappiness; a period of reduced business and economic activity during which many people lose their jobs p!~{<s] • describe - v. to give a word picture of something; to give details of something Y4B<]C4 • desert - n. a dry area of land sUP!'Av • design - v. to plan or create plans for P_w\d/3 • desire - v. to want very much; to wish for S=wJ{?gzAK • destroy - v. to break into pieces; to end the existence of M"t=0[0DM: • detail - n. a small part of something; a small piece of information ?$T39
U^ • develop - v. to grow; to create; to experience progress qJ|n73yn • device - n. a piece of equipment made for a special purpose -MqWcB9& • dictator - n. a ruler with complete power E(&GZ QE • die - v. to become dead; to stop living; to end {vJ)!'Eh • diet - n. usual daily food and drink 7Z;w<b~ • different - ad. not the same /@.c
59r • difficult - ad. not easy; hard to do, make or carry out
~BVK6 • dig - v. to make a hole in the ground WSY&\8 • dinner - n. the main amount of food eaten at a usual time ("The family had its dinner at noon."); a special event that includes food ("The official dinner took place at the White House.") ffQ%GV_ • diplomat - n. a person who represents his or her government in dealing with another government yq?_#r • direct - v. to lead; to aim or show the way ("He directed me to the theater."); ad. straight to something; not through some other person or thing ("The path is direct.") $VrKoL\ScA • direction - n. the way (east, west, north, south); where someone or something came from or went to g1uqsqYt • dirt - n. earth or soil A!kNqJ2 • disappear - v. to become unseen; to no longer exist /Jc?;@{ • disarm - v. to take away weapons; to no longer keep weapons; to make a bomb harmless by removing its exploding device &E{5k{Y • discover - v. to find or learn something y%H;o?<WX • discuss - v. to talk about; to exchange ideas sX&M+'h • disease - n. a sickness in living things, often caused by viruses, germs or bacteria sJlX]\RLQ • dismiss - v. to send away; to refuse to consider FNDLqf!j • dispute - v. to oppose strongly by argument; n. an angry debate {1GW,T!# • dissident - n. a person who strongly disagrees with his or her government fxDY:l • distance - n. the amount of space between two places or objects ("The distance from my house to your house is two kilometers.") 2.2Z'$W • dive - v. to jump into water head first 4M
8AYh2) • divide - v. to separate into two or more parts |7Q8WjCQ{m • do - v. to act; to make an effort n;"4`6L~ • doctor - n. a person trained in medicine to treat sick people 7[-jr;v • document - n. an official piece of paper with facts written on it, used as proof or support of something >:]fN61# • dog - n. a small animal that often lives with humans K]bS:[34 R • dollar - n. United States money, one hundred cents '3o0J\cz • door - n. an opening for entering or leaving a building or room KrkZv$u, • down - ad. from higher to lower; in a low place 1V`]sfRK • dream - v. to have a picture or story in the mind during sleep; n. a picture or story in the mind during sleep; a happy idea about the future ![5<\ • drink - v. to take liquid into the body through the mouth e>t9\vN#bx • drive - v. to control a moving vehicle FZ>*<& • drop - v. to fall or let fall; to go lower 2vnzB8"k • drown - v. to die under water 4Uf+t?U9 • drug - n. anything used as a medicine or in making medicine; a chemical substance used to ease pain or to affect the mind fC3IxlG • dry - ad. not wet; without rain y`Pp"!P"O • during - ad. through the whole time; while (something is happening) Y%:p(f< • dust - n. pieces of matter so small that they can float in the air eq/5$b( • duty - n. one's job or responsibility; what one must do because it is right and just !E_uQ?/w]Z E |->y'V • each - ad. every one by itself M{kPEl&Z • early - ad. at or near the beginning, especially the beginning of the day; opposite late F'CUkVC0~P • earn - v. to be paid in return for work done f9- |!]s • earth - n. the planet we all live on; the ground or soil hqD;<
:. • earthquake - n. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface 0]oQ08 • ease - v. to reduce; to make less difficult pjj
5 • east - n. the direction from which the sun rises J+*rjdI • easy - ad. not difficult; not hard to do Mty]LMK • eat - v. to take food into the body through the mouth 8)POEY4 • ecology - n. the scientific study of the environment and links among living and material things cHsJQU*K6 • economy - n. the system by which money, industry and trade are organized cn\& ;55v • edge - n. the line where something ends or begins >qF KXzI • education - n. the act of teaching 8v^i%Gg • effect - n. the result or change caused by something ("The storm had a serious effect on the economy.") LVEVCpp@ • effort - n. an attempt; the work necessary to do something ,IJ Nuu\ • egg - n. the rounded object containing unborn young produced by female birds, fish or reptiles; a single cell in a female person or animal that can develop into a baby @&ZTEznbyt • either - ad. one of two, but not the other f,L
• elect - v. to choose by voting J#x91Jh • electricity - n. a form of energy that flows through wires to provide heat and light, and power to machines ,;d9uG2 • embassy - n. the offices of an ambassador and his or her assistants [d&Faa[` • emergency - n. an unexpected and dangerous situation demanding quick action fd,~Yj$R? • emotion - n. a strong feeling such as love, hate, fear or sadness |(P;2q4> • employ - v. to give work in return for wages 0KQ8;&a| • empty - ad. having nothing inside; v. to remove everything 4P~<_]yf • end - v. to stop; to finish; n. the part which comes last F{"%ey"> • enemy - n. a person opposing or hating another; a person or people of the other side in a war H0(zE*c~ • energy - n. power used to do work, usually with machines; the ability and willingness to be active -.*\J|S@g • enforce - v. to make something be done :9h8q"T • engine - n. a machine that uses energy to cause movement or to do work |wb7`6g • engineer - n. a person who designs engines, machines, roads, bridges or railroads 7.Mh$?;i9 • enjoy - v. to be pleased or satisfied by something ;&!dD6N • enough - ad. as much as necessary; pro. the amount needed U KJY.W!w4 • enter - v. to come or go into 2DC#P
X)i • environment - n. all surrounding things, conditions and influences that affect life; the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animals ;p_X7N • equal - ad. the same in amount, size, weight or value; having the same rights kxmS • equipment - n. things, tools or machines needed for a purpose or activity f!J^vDl • escape - v. to get free; to get away from; to get out of $"FdS,*qKl • especially - ad. more than others ("We liked the food, especially the fish.") }6bLukv • establish - v. to bring into existence; to create $~YuS_sYg • estimate - v. to form an opinion about a value, size or amount using less than complete information ~ 9;GD4 • ethnic - ad. of or concerning people belonging to a large group because of their race, religion, language, tribe or where their ancestors lived (>K$gAQH • evaporate - v. to change from a liquid into a gas w?tKL0c • even - ad. in a way not thought possible ("They survived, even though the building was destroyed.") X2uX+}h*tA • event - n. that which happens, especially something of importance 4r. W:}4: • ever - ad. at any time $;CC
lzw • every - ad. each one; all #~x5}8 • evidence - n. material or facts that prove something; a reason for believing tAA7 • evil - ad. not good; extremely bad cMl%)j- • exact - ad. having no mistakes; correct in every detail ifs
*-f • examine - v. to study closely '/H(,TM • example - n. a part that shows what the rest of a thing or group is like @EY}iK~
• excellent - ad. extremely good I5L7BTe • except - prep. but for
n{t',r50 • exchange - v. to trade; to give or receive one thing for another _o.Z`] • excuse - v. to take away blame; to pardon; to forgive; n. a reason (sometimes false) for an action ]K7 64} • execute - v. to kill S
|x)7NC • exercise - n. an activity or effort for the purpose of improving the body or to stay in good health \Wc/kY3& • exile - v. to force a person to leave his or her country; to expel; n. a person who is forced to leave his or her country \`zG`f • exist - v. to be; to live qYiAwK$ • expand - v. to make larger; to grow larger 4c=kT@=jX • expect - v. to think or believe that something will happen; to wait for an event "Cc"y* P • expel - v. to force out; to remove from; to send away RC(D=6+[C • experience - v. to live through an event, situation or condition ("She experienced great pain."); n. something that one has done or lived through ("The experience caused her great pain.") pU ]{Z( • experiment - v. to test; n. a test or trial carried out to prove if an idea is true or false, or to discover something $/TA5h • expert - n. a person with special knowledge or training M@g
gLW • explain - v. to give reasons for; to make clear; to tell about; to tell the meaning d&bc>Vt • explode - v. to break apart violently with a loud noise, like a bomb ]7t\%_
• explore - v. to travel in a place that is not well known to learn more about it; to make a careful search; to examine closely 6B/"M-YME • export - v. to send to another country; n. something sent to another country, usually for sale 6wB>-/'Y • express - v. to say clearly ]&U| d • extend - v. to stretch out in area or length; to continue for a longer time ?0NSjK5ma • extra - ad. more than normal, expected or necessary %"Q!5qH& • extreme - ad. more than the usual or accepted ,R}KcZG) • extremist - n. a person with strong religious or political beliefs who acts in an extreme or violent way wmE,k1G F &H1D!N • face - n. the front of the head: eyes, nose, mouth; v. to look toward; to turn toward; to have before you, such as a problem or danger $Q?G*@y • fact - n. something known or proved to be true 0Eu$-) • factory - n. a building or group of buildings where goods are made )75yv<L2S, • fail - v. to not succeed; to not reach a goal #}7m'F • fair - ad. just; honest; what is right +Z&&H'xD • fall - v. to go down quickly; to come down; to drop to the ground or a lower position = )l: ^+q • false - ad. not true; not correct DUKmwKM"k • family - n. the group that includes children and their parents `$Fl gp0P • famous - ad. known very well to many people V1nZ M • far - ad. at, to or from a great distance qm8n7Z/ • farm - n. land used to grow crops and animals for food >?W;>EUH • fast - ad. moving or working at great speed; quick #D/ }u./ • fat - n. tissue in the bodies of humans and animals used to store energy and to keep warm; ad. thick; heavy gVA}?t; • father - n. the male parent; a man who has a child or children 8^/Ek<Qb| • fear - v. to be afraid; to worry that something bad is near or may happen ("He feared falling down."); n. a strong emotion when there is danger or trouble ("He had a fear that he would fall down.") B
Ff.Rd95 • federal - ad. of or having to do with a national or central government [G[{l$E it • feed - v. to give food to a^\- }4yR • feel - v. to have or experience an emotion; to know by touching renmz,dJ, • female - n. a woman or girl; the sex that gives birth; ad. of or about women Na 9l# • fence - n. something around an area of land to keep animals or people in or out (zJ$oRq • fertile - ad. rich in production of plants or animals; producing much ";?C4%L • few - ad. not many; a small number of
wy_;+ 'Y • field - n. an area of open land, usually used to grow crops or to raise animals tct5*.| • fierce - ad. extremely strong; violent; angry <x0uO • fight - v. to use violence or force; to attempt to defeat or destroy an enemy; n. the use of force; a battle kYA'PW/[) • fill - v. to put or pour something into a container until there is space for no more [+MH[1Vr={ • film - v. to record something so it can be seen again; to make a motion picture or movie; n. a thin piece of material for making pictures with a camera; a movie a EFe!_QY • final - ad. at the end; last QV'3O| • financial - ad. of or about the system that includes the use of money, credit, investments and banks F{*9[jY • find - v. to discover or learn something by searching or by accident; to decide a court case ("The jury finds the man guilty of murder.") $,&gAU • fine - n. a payment ordered by a court to punish someone for a crime; ad. very good; very small or thin ? W2I1HEy • finish - v. to complete; to end COan)<Ku • fire - v. to shoot a gun; n. the heat and light produced by something burning A.$VM# • firework - n. rockets producing bright fire in the sky, used in holiday celebrations 1f@U:<: • firm - ad. not easily moved or changed ("She is firm in her opinion.") HDSA]{:sl • first - ad. coming before all others ~Miin • fish - n. a creature that lives and can breathe in water $O~F>.* • fit - v. to be of the correct size or shape ("These shoes fit my feet.") CdzkMVH • fix - v. to make good or right again =2g[tsY • flag - n. a piece of colored cloth used to represent a nation, government or organization Ic{'H2~4, • flat - ad. smooth; having no high places Jp.3KA> • flee - v. to run away from lN)Y • float - v. to be on water without sinking; to move or be moved gently on water or through air ^Z-.
[Y • flood - v. to cover with water; n. the movement of water out of a river, lake or ocean onto land B'KXQa-$O • floor - n. the bottom part of a room for walking on ("The book fell to the floor."); the level of a building ("The fire was on the first floor.") 36^C0uNdX • flow - v. to move like a liquid h$aew63 • flower - n. the colored part of plants that carry seeds V
4\^TO`q= • fluid - n. any substance that can flow, such as a liquid hk"9D<&i>b • fly - v. to move through the air with wings, like a bird or airplane; to travel in an airplane or flying vehicle 6_9:Eb=^v! • fog - n. a mass of wet air that is difficult to see through; a cloud close to the ground +;:aG6q+ • follow - v. to come or go after; to accept the rule or power of; to obey k}I5x1>& • food - n. that which is taken in by all living things for energy, strength and growth x
tYV" • fool - v. to make someone believe something that is not true; to trick; n. a person who is tricked easily #!8^!}nFO • foot - n. the bottom part of the leg; the part of the body that touches the ground when a person or animal walks RFZU}.*K$ • for - prep. because of ("He is famous for his work."); in exchange ("Give me one dollar for the book."); through space or time ("They travelled for one hour."); representative of ("I speak for all people."); to be employed by ("She works for a computer company.") U!a!|s> • force - v. to make someone do something or make something happen by using power; n. power, strength; strength used against a person or object; military power of a nation; a military group je- ,S>U • foreign - ad. of, about or from another nation; not from one's own place or country F=
_uNq • forest - n. a place of many trees |c06ix;). • forget - v. to not remember Qr|N) • forgive - v. to pardon; to excuse; to remove guilt Giy3eva2 • form - v. to make; to start; to shape ("They formed a swim team."); n. a kind ("Swimming is a form of exercise.") t`<}UWAH+ • former - ad. earlier in time; not now zqekkR] • forward - ad. the direction in front of; toward the front P<cMP)+K • free - v. to release; ad. not controlled by another or by outside forces; not in prison; independent; not limited by rules; without cost )d770Xg+ • freedom - n. the condition of being free l5ZADK4 • freeze - v. to cause or to become very cold; to make or to become hard by cold #L@} .Giz • fresh - ad. newly made or gathered; recent vi[#?;pkF • friend - n. a person one likes and trusts >G-8FL • frighten - v. to cause great fear #/n|@z' • from - prep. having a person, place or thing as a beginning or cause ("It is a message from the president."); at a place distant, not near ("The school is five kilometers from my home."); because of ("He is suffering from cancer.") iXUWIgr • front - n. the forward part; the opposite of back; the beginning; the first part KAj"p9hq+k • fruit - n. food from trees and plants
?
-v • fuel - n. any substance burned to create heat or power '2Q.~6 • full - ad. containing as much as a person or thing can hold; complete
RL7C
YB • fun - n. anything that is pleasing and causes happiness fnLR
• funeral - n. a ceremony held in connection with the burial or burning of the dead vh9kwJyT • future - n. time after now ("We can talk about it in the future."); ad. in the time to come ("All future meetings will be held in this room.") %+AS0 JhB G I!|y;mh:it • gain - v. to get possession of; to get more; to increase ttK,((=@ • game - n. an activity with rules in which people or teams play or compete, usually sports fn
VW/23 • gas - n. any substance that is not solid or liquid; any substance that burns to provide heat, light or power (
GFgt_ • gather - v. to bring or come together into a group or place; to collect E/"YId `A • general - n. a high military leader; ad. without details; affecting or including all or almost all h|J;6Sm@ • gentle - ad. soft; kind; not rough or violent a~8:rW^ • get - v. to receive; to gain; to go and bring back; to become; to become the owner of gIV3n#-{L • gift - n. something given without cost HBt|}uZ?6i • girl - n. a young female person SL[rn<x| • give - v. to present to another to keep without receiving payment ??%)|nj. • glass - n. a hard, clear material that is easily broken, used most often for windows or for containers to hold liquids IY];Ss&i • go - v. to move from one place to another; to leave ]*bAF^8i • goal - n. that toward which an effort is directed; that which is aimed at; the end of a trip or race
J|n(dVen/ • god - n. the spirit that is honored as creator of all things ("They believe in God."); a spirit or being believed in many religions to have special powers .yZK.[x4 • gold - n. a highly valued yellow metal <'r0r/0g? • good - ad. pleasing; helpful; kind; correct; not bad NY4!TOp • goods - n. things owned or made to be sold fUb1/-} • govern - v. to control; to rule by military or political power 17e=GL • government - n. a system of governing; the organization of people that rules a country, city or area >nc4v6s • grain - n. the seed of grass plants used for food, such as wheat, rice and corn; those plants that produce the seeds s9uL<$,' • granddaughter - n. the daughter of a person's daughter or son }*?yHJ3 • grandfather - n. the father of a person's father or mother nVz5V%a!\q • grandmother - n. the mother of a person's father or mother Ya~ "R#Uy • grandson - n. the son of a person's daughter or son PPUEkvH
W • grass - n. a plant with long, narrow, green leaves mG0L !5 • gray - ad. having the color like that made by mixing black and white '
be P • great - ad. very large or more than usual in size or number; very good; important y:qx5Mi • green - ad. having the color like that made by mixing yellow and blue; having the color like that of growing leaves and grass %p<$|' • grind - v. to reduce to small pieces by crushing 9Tqo LX • ground - n. land; the earth's surface; soil u@AI&[Z • group - n. a number of people or things together; a gathering of people working for a common purpose 7raSf&{&6b • grow - v. to develop or become bigger; to increase in size or amount ZH\0=l)
• guarantee - v. to promise a result; to promise that something will happen - oU@D • guard - v. to watch and protect a person, place or thing ("He guards the president."); n. a person or thing that watches or protects ("He is a prison guard.") [6O04"6K • guerrilla - n. a person who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against an official army or police DNmb
[ • guide - v. to lead to; to show the way; n. one who shows the way DLU[<!C • guilty - ad. having done something wrong or in violation of a law; responsible for a bad action ;?0_Q3IML • gun - n. a weapon that shoots bullets
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