skywalkman |
2008-08-24 12:18 |
中国人民大学——英语2004年博士研究生入学考试试题
中国人民大学——英语2004年博士研究生入学考试试题 p2]@yE7w M2K{{pGJ[& 客观题部分 'H"wu
/# dGxk
ql 请用铅笔将此部分试题的答案填涂在答题卡上,否则无效! J~=bW\^I II. Vocabulary (10 points) K?;_T$^K PartA (5 points) ?C('
z7 Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices Vu
@2
marked iL B, C arm 1). Choose the:one thatbest completes the VrV
)qfG sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across y v6V1gK the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1. ~}uv4;0l] Example: &h(>jY7
b; She prefers foreign wine to that produced__ 'q158x A. previously B. vLrtually C. primarily D. domestically _|f1q The sentence should read,; "She prefers foreign wine to that produce c$Vu/dgx domesticany." Therefore, you should choose D. O$Wi=5 Sample Answer bYPkqitqz [A] [B] [C] [D] vrRbUwL! 1. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the }tq present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__ ``;.Oy6jS patriotism. Ban@$uf A. obsolete B. aggressive C. harmonious D. amiable ?vmu,y Z One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and n$2IaE;v fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts. Hrjry$t/J A. dilemmas B. countenances C. concessions D. junctions ,;3bPjey 3. People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it dTV4 Q`Z sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power. 1NHiW
v A. strive B. ascertain C. justify D. adhere OyI?P_0u 4. Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife o#"U8N%r for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set L/ L#[ up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them. 5j8aMnv s A. conservation B. maintenance C. storage D. reserve AnF"+< 5. According to the latest report, consumer confidence___ a breathtaking /+V}. 15 points .last month, to its lowest level in 9 years. Hw0S/ytY A. soared B. mutated C. plummeted D. fluctuated XmZs4~\K$G 6. Melissa is a computer___ that destroyed files in computers and *B4?(&0 frustrated thousands of users around the world. fL^$G;_?3 A. genius B. vires C. disease D. bacteria HbOLf 7. The emphasis:on examinations is iby far the. worst form of O/XG}G.x| competition in schools. 9"W
3t] A. negligent B. edible C. fabulous D. disproportionate O{vVW9Q 8. The boy seemed more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his YkN0,6 grandparents lived. `49: !M$i A. reconciled B. consolidated c-jE1y< C. deteriorated D. attributed u=6LPwiI 9. During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance to
<<FBT`Y
[ practice his Chinese. B*OEG*t A. passed on B. passed up C. passed by D. passed out 0?$jC-@k: 10. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ____ can be ;L*Ku'6Mt distributed. >Ut4INV A. paradoxes B. legacies C. platitudes D. analogin #\zC|%2+z Part B (5 points)
vE~>9 Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase qWdob>u underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and C8Oh]JF4d D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underiined part. $etw'c0 Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square $~ >/_<~ bracket on ANSWER SHEET I. MaS-*;BY, Example: <eh<4_<qF The secretary is Very competent; she can finish all these letters within one 0Yk$f1g .. ;.,ca, ODe qNuBK6E#4 bour. <WiyM[ep A. careful B. industrious C. clever D. capable TWeup6k In this sentence, "competent" is closest -;n m e:zting to "capable". Therefore H3xMoSs you should choose D. vWH)W?2 Sample Answer 9dO. ,U*` [A] [B] [C] [DD] Yq-Vwh/ 11. He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional :^En\YcU roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby. 4T>d%Tt+) A. depict B. advocate D; criticize D. analyze "Ng%"Nz 12,. They achieved more than they had eyer dreamed, lending a magic tO their D~zk2 family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival. /tG[pg{[ A.confirm B. achieve C.match D exaggerate ROr|n]aJj 13. The most urgent thing is to find a dump. for those toxic____ industrial wastes. O +u?Y A. imminent B. recyclable C. smelly D. poisonous AsfmH-4) i4. British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would L2Fi/UWM nor be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N.sanction. B%I<6E[D A. allies B. delegates C. voters D. juries veAdk9 15. The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our :children's college and [{q])P; our own retirement security is ,chilling. P
r2WF~NuO A. frightening B. promising C. freezing D. revealing Q"s]<MtdS 16. Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British >aAsUL5W Crown. IP!`;?T= A. secret plan B. bold attack C. clever design D. joint effort > ofWHl[- 17. Evidence, reference, and foomotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous l@ 5kw]6 researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different xz-?sD/xe beorefical and political positions. ^4C
djMF-E A. trustworthy B. intelligent C. diligent D. meticulous he|.Ow 18. Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, them are no stories of women wW,
n~W being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region. r-AD*h@QZ A. intriguing B. exasperating: C. demonstrative D. unprovoked .|i/
a%J 19. The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up r8Z.}<j faces for .nocturnal raids in the forest. eWr2UX
v$ A. illegal B. night-time C, brutal D. abusive BU O8Z] 20. Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a TR9dpt+T more avid fondness for the limelight, !>:]k?$b A. mercurial B, gallant C. ardent D. frugal s]pNT1, III. Cloze (10 points) c
6cB
{/g Directions : Read the following passage. Choose the best word for each t]hfq~Ft numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the Y+DVwz$ square bracket on Answer Sheet I. #'97mg Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, riQ0'-p ___ 21 ___ into a hobby and Iately has ____22 ____ into a full- time passion. The GO3KKuQ= two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidates !
u9LZ ___ 23 _ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started theirguide in \s6VOR/ April 1994 as a way to keep 24 of their personal interest on the Intemet. L]E.TvM1* Before long they ___25 ___ that their home,brewed lists were becoming too y?UB?2VN long and ____ 26____ Gradually they began to spend more andmore time on zFr#j~L" Yahoo. Lb~'
I=9D During 1994, they ____ 27____ yahoo into a customized database designed ]]T,;|B to____28_____ the needs of the thousands of users____29____ began to use the ~En]sj service through the closely ___ 30____ Intemet community. They developed hV NT customized software to help them___ 31 ___ locate, identify and edit material !`dMTW ___32___ on the Intemet. The name Yahoo is ____ 33____ to stand for "Yet Nv=&gOy= Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle". but Filo and Yang insist they selected W^i[7 r the ___34 ___ because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo? itself first -PaR&0Tt ___ 35 ___ on Yang's workstation, "akebono", while the search engine was h*?]A ___ 36 ___ on Filo's computer, "Konishiki". w&
)ApfL In early 1995 Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape Communication KB$Y8[ in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files ,"5xKF+cS ___ 37___ to larger computers ___38____ at Netscape. As a result Stanford's \=H+m% computer network returned to ___ 39___ , and both parties benefiasc. Today, U:gvK8n Yahoo___ 40 ___ organized information on tens of thousands of computers VDlP,Mm* linked to the web. QwLS
L<. 1. A. became B. grew C. mm D. intend M
%!O)r#Pn 2. A. made B. saw C. looked D. turned 2+yti,s+/ 3. A. in B. on C. about D. fer f.:0T&%G 4. A. touch ?. contact C. n-ack D. record +*G<xW :M 5. A. founded E. found C. argued D. reported j07b!j:"\} 6. A. unwieldy B. tough C. tamable D invaluable ->W rBO 7. A. exchanged B. shank C. sold D. converted A~;+P 8. A. explain B. serve C. discover D. evaluate Zbf~E { 9. A. which B. that C. actually D. eagerly IO"q4(&;P4 10. A. relative B. interactive C.bound D. contacted o4,9jk$ 11. A. fluently B. efficiently C.exactly D. actually %-an\.a. 12. A. transmitted B. purchased C. sold D. B-wF1!Jv 13. A. about B. bound C. going D. supposed 4
;^ I4. A. fable B. model C. name D. brand 5s<.qDc 15. A. supported B. resided C. lived D. launched e0
9QaY 16. A. connected B. lodged C. introduced D. linked ODKS6E1{ 17. A. over B, away C. inside D. beneath Q@rlqWgU
~ 18. A. housed B. caught C. hosed D. bidden /EwNMU*6 19. A. average B. normal C. ordinary D. equal /U="~{*-R 20. A. attains B.detains C. maintains D. contains Wv30;7~ IV. Reading Comprehension (20 points) y27MG Directions: Read the following passages, decideon the best one of the choices pz]KUQ marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark v>5TTL~? the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the c1 1?Kq ANSWER SHEET. 5Z[HlN|-! Passage 1 $HAwd6NI Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break aL/7xa babies. ;JX2ebx One application of the thrcshoM method involves the time young children h YVy 65Ea spend on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so the 6\m'MV`R! length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activities fjHd"!)
3 are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start of >t4<2|!(M the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often o'ZW result. To apply Gutiarie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit /Tp>aW%}" activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher could fAD
{sg gredually increase the time students spend working on a single activity. [L?WM>]% The threshold methoci also can be applied to teaching printing abd /Mw0<# handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movements WISeP\:^ awkward and they lack free motor coordination. The distances between lines on +`TwBN,kp- a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If paper \ZC0bHsA with narrow lines is initially introduced, students' letters would spill over the /re0"!0y borders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters ORt)sn&~d within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them ]u%Y
8kBe refine their skills. dEfP272M The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students h[gKyxZ/t who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room. The teacher can 9iGp0_J remove the students from the classroom, We them a large stack of paper, and B &)wJG tell them to start making paper airplanes. After the students have made several hD7Lgi-N)W airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for da$ErN'{ not building airplanes. 0fx.n Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their 1P/4,D@ physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, theteacher might MQVEO5 decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has !H`uN
begun. Y%8[bL$
d The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and ~.Cu,>fV misbehave in the media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. The yj
mNeZ media center teacher might ask the students'to find interesting books and read I0OfK3!^ them while in the center. Assuming that the studentS find the books enjoyable, hFDo{yI the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books 9j$ J}=y rather than for talking with other students. Yu|L6#[E In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher D=~3N realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very -nk0Q_7N boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, 3Oe\l[?$; such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involvs students A@n//AZM and raise their interest in the course. :SVWi}:Co1 41. The purpose of this passage is to___ g y1i% A. inform B. persuade C. debate D. narrate &(A'uX.>pr 42. Guthrie identified three methods for__ 5}`e"X A. educating students B. altering bad habits ?yAjxoE~? C. avoiding undesired action D. forming good hobbies {_X&{dZLX 43. Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold +<n8O~h method? C8
"FTH' A. Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food than the >FReGiK$T child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it. RU,!F99'1 B. Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young -\}Ix> children and gradually increase session length but not to where students KgEfhO$W become frustrated or bored. ehQ~+x C. Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is /7Ft1f introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting. Nrk/_0^ D. A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fan by his hB-<GGcO < parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys. b "5WsJ:'# 44. To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands 4AuJ1Z busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth. Over $|}PL[aA# time. watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than |BA<> WE snac 'king. What method is used in this example? kB;!EuL A. The threshold method. B. The fatigue method. FY <77i C. The incompatible response method. D. The punishment method. =idZvD
45. We can draw the conclusion from the passage that C/A~r A. The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted Ixv/xI response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes S$Fq1 exhausted
bGa"r B. The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a /&G )IY]g response incompatible with the undesired response so they can not be %Dm:|><V$b performed simultaneously ob"yz } C. The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformde D``>1IA] into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes -WK a cue for not performing it \9s x_
T D. The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child @2)ImgK[ make response incompatible with unwanted response J9yB'yE8 Passage 2 #Vh$u%q3 The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot Z|qUVD5Ic afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive. 9aZ^m$tAt Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign lF.y
Q countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many ,]|*~dd>G companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing Hnc<)_DF wralts . SjB#"A5 Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international mL[Y{t#N advertising. k>q}: J9V General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it qI#ow_lL# introduced its Chevrole Nova to the Puerto Rican market. "Nova" is Latin for %t<ba[9F new (star)" and means "star" in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can =
~^
sound like "no va", meaning "it doesn't go". Few people wanted to buy a car 5 ]v]^Y'? with that cursed meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales hz~jyH.h_ picked up" dramatically. zCdzxb_h" Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. f6zS_y9gn 3ne American food company's friendly "Jolly Green Giant" (for advertising o:"^@3 ,egetables) became something quite different when it was translated into yCG<qQz Arabic as "Intimidating Green Ogre". 1I -LGe[Q When translated into German Pepsi's popular slogan, "Come Alive with hCKx%&[^7 Pepsi" came out implying "Come Alive from the Grave". No wonder customers J=C63YB in Germany didn't rush out to buy Pepsi. K]Onb{QY Successful international marketing doesn't stop with good a#o6Nv ranslafions--,-other aspects of culture must be researched and understood ff %1jApCJ aarketers are to avoid blunders. aR~Od Ys When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, <OC|z3na_ geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to xRU ~hQ capture their target market. ^HasT4M+x For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new pentare ihto 'fkaeFzOl the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest. The mail lSk<euCYs reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in 3JR1If many South American countries. *b
>hZkObn Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies Hz6yy* are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive J$Qm:DC5 to cultural distinctions. 3!V$fl0 b-XC\ The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who OK^0,0kS3 understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique P.;S6i
n called "back translation" to reduce the possibility of blunders. IAJYD/Y&? The process uses one person to translate a message into the target 'F[ C 4 language and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim to capture ef;Ta|# the, overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication BLvI[b|3gn of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes _,i+gI[ misunderstandings. k v}<u In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be shot S"z cSkF and simple. N3`W%ws`~ They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part gxku3<S of the world may not be so humorous in another. Kx;DmwX- 46. The best title of this passage might be __ . oe5.tkc A. Culture Is Very Important ia Advertishag
(BA2
B. Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between Nations Q&9%XF
uM C. Overcome Cultural Shock in Different Countries dWI.t1`i D. Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles ]%y~
cq 47. What does the word "blunder" mean in this passage? BI\+NGrB A. hesitation B. mistake C. stutter D. default cc%O35o 48. Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from =!#i
C?I Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6? $pT%7jV} A. Cultural shocks B. Faulty translations IFX|"3[$ C. Avoid cultural oversights D. Prevent blunders YW}1iT/H 49. We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word "ca " most $DfaW3bJ probably mean____ .=>T yq
A. an animal used in perfume for its smell Ohm>^N;
B. a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funerals jj)9jUz C. a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funerals m\lSBy6
D. an nrnament used in prefume and at funerals 3"gifE 50. One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to___ _e.b#
{=9 A.fire the translators who don't know the target language. a .5s5g)8 B.use the technique called "literal translation" to reduce the possibility of 8j,_ blunders -?b@ 6U C. avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokes 1q!JpC^ D. explain in details when designing advertisement for other countries eh'mSf^=p Passage 3 xaerMr It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in >:]fN61# pay, stock options, and bonuses. In the last fifteen years, while executive K]bS:[34 R remuneration rose, taxes in the highest income bracket went down. Millionaires '3o0J\cz are now commonplace. KrkZv$u, Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a 1V`]sfRK number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not the 9ok|]d P boss's job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man bIm$7a`T with many enemies wi!! be swept out more quickly in hard times; it is the K74oRKv company he worries about . His business savvy is supposed to be based on !9"R4~4 intimate knowledge of .his company and the industry .so he goes home nightly P:k(=CzZ@J with a full briefcase. At the very top - and on the way up - executives are {NK>9phoB exceedingly dedicated. Jb-wvNJu The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him )
Q=G& through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured *vhm individual or an intellectual. Although his wife may be on the board of the )C2d)(baEJ symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits. His reading l``1^&K may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields. Re1@2a> Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful /&j4I | |