delvis |
2008-09-01 10:39 |
该错题常考要点
该错题常考要点 fZ$2bI= 一、代词 <lR8MqjM_ 代词中主要讲解六个问题 *en{pR' (一) 掌握代词的几种格 kx[8#+P 主格、宾格、所有格 X;h~s:LM
名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) whCv9)x :%{7Q$Xv< (二) 反身代词 4<|u~n*JF 当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 DxHeZQ"LL He killed himself. (他自杀了) =%LS9e^7D He killed him. (他杀了他) Ry C7 STe;Sr&p 例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating P6Ei!t,> A B Cb.Aw! a series of indicators that could help YC~+r8ME$j C UWI5/R themselves to predict earthquakes. +dfSCs D M4| L 分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 S:gP\Atf> Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 zx27aZ[ \;}dSSB1 (三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 o%:eYl 在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 o&=m]hKpQl a^BD55d? 例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies n):VuOjm that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the d=[. A B C D Uu
,Re Pacific. Z\x6 5@Sb[
za 分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 &A~ 1Q#4 !T}`h' Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 @B+];lr/- Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: tZJKB1#WbP Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 !*p lK6a {zw#My
例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined =3FXU{"Qi4 A OA+W$ the word“normalcy”to express social and
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economic conditions they promised the nation. GE>&
fG C D 7JbN WN 分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 ,\VNs'j k7j;'6 例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important kM.zX|_ A EM"YjC)F work is not poetry, but his biography, John /gxwp:&lY B C C3|M\[*fp Keats, published the year of her death. (u *-( D VQ+Xh 分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. nfc&.(6x< j &~OR6 xR$xAcoSB (四) Who和which的区别 i),W1<A1 which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 X[R/j*K who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 Uc.K6%iI 1D 6iJ 例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who YI|7a#*F A B tv5SQ+AI3
account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. 90;[5c
C D WUKYwA/t 分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 TeQpmhN 人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 m+zzhv1 /.P*%'g (五) that和which的区别 Q1g@FsW&U 介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外
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7 $`mxOcBmQ 例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it sT| 8a A B Fe}Dnv)}Z would affect society could not have been foreseen. rLtB^?A z C D (]>=y 分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 1YL6:5n fYBmW') (六) 定语从句的特殊省略 LB1LQ0M Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, {26/SY Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when Dk[m)]w\ I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. V i V3Y way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which yY+)IU. cks53/Z 例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly ya.!zGH A B aNs~Uad1U reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. e)"]H* C D ,T&=*q 分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 E{'{fo!#) Z<jio 例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has 3D|Y4OM affected the way people in the United States----. iZm#
"}VG (A) living and working n@>h"(@i (B) they live and work bS7rG$n [ (C) live and work lOB*M!8 (D) to live and to work "x~VXU%xU 分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 !D#wSeJ s[<a( 二、介词 "pUqYMB2i 介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 17kh6(X cC@.& (一) 介词搭配 ]$Ud`<Xnx !A_<(M< 例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those "wwAbU< A B C F3uR:)4<M in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. X~+AaI:~K D #WE"nh9f|z 分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 (S<Z@y+d Qk`ykTS! 例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. <;eXbO>Q A B C D lSW6\jX 分析:B错改为be rich in Q#gzk%jL@ 0 $Ygt0d 例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the /xS4>@hn A B C oY
NIJXln alternation of periods of light and darkness. hKx*V"7/#\ D :2v^pg| 分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 +F>9hA 0;J#".(KQ 1UHlA8w7Q (二) 最重要的两个介词 -9D2aY_> 1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 -=;V*; 例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. }^b7x;O| A B C D Ire+r
"am 分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 :NCY6?
[Dz (Ci{fY6` 例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has DA9-F A B }Cs.Hm0P starred in stage, television, and film productions on b '9L}q2m C n "J+?~9 both sides the Atlantic Ocean. $T#yxx D
ezz;NH 分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 dRhsnT+KX H
Z)an 2、介词by @nNhW 一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by $ap6Vxjr 另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing p?Rq 例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States ^7p>p8 A B .dE2,9{Z can be performed from a justice of the peace. 1woBw>g C D 2a,l;o$2& 分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 )@hG #KMK ,suC`)R 例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils
+`(,1L1 A l2.Lh<G could veto a declaration of war at refusing to wI{ED B C D \v,mr| supply moccasins and field rations. A}h`%b 分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 lYq/
n&@_1 iC`mj 例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with 7j//x Tr}a A 9FKowF_8 operations on sets of numbers or other elements [@4.<4Y B C zEJZ, < that are often represented at symbols. P_y8[Y]? D ?z/ )Hkw 分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 ?E2$ 三、谓语动词 wVMR&R<t (一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 up^D9(y\ ①、主谓分割原则 P)k!#* 例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, xkPH_+4i8 A ~L55l2u7 America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. um}%<Cy[ B C D R>#BJ^>= 分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 D>>?8a ='U>P(
R- ②、与后者一致原则 <,\Op=$l3I not…but, 强调but后面的名词, !$1'q~sO not only…but also ]Lz:oV^% hALg5.E{T %c`P`~sp ③、与前者一致原则 'G>gNq 名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, UifuRmn 中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 67]kT%0 例:The athlete, together with his coach and KbicP< A B C 4
>2g&);B several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. +"8-)' D >$ok3-
tuU 分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is vk>EFm8l kE`V@F ④、就近原则 CA8N or, either…or, neither…nor, 6U!zc]> 单数名词+or+复数名词+are E,EpzB$_dj 如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is \fjr`t] 所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 -Rcl(Q}LZ 如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 y G~7Xo5 t,4'\nv* 例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are }(-2a*Z;Y A B =E~)svl6g amazingly complex for single-celled animals. S)L(~N1 C D >^|(AzS 分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 S1&Df%Ra *v6 j7<H ⑤定语从句主语就近原则 vf-cx\y7 There are five apples that are red. 2J0N]`|) apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 E3`&W
8 g*a|QBj% 例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets 9%MHIY5 A g]a5%8*{ carry a supply that last just a few seconds. $
1< ~J B C D c*:H6(u 分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 F?EAIL n)6mfoe ⑥the +形容词主谓一致 '"~ 2xiin The rich are not always happier than the poor. C;BC@OE The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 [L4s.l_# '$m
uA\ ⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 KB6'sj 改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: a-(OAzQ_ a. there be 句型 v==]v2- there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 $u-yw1FT b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 rM5{R}+; pipO,n 例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. t.YY?5l A B C D _Vl22'wl 分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is s+RSAyU }US^GEs( xfsf
例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific "pLWJvj6- A B 1NI%J
B Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 y^xEZD1X6- C uhJnDo miles in width. 6r3.%V.& D qo^PS 分析:倒装句,are改为is {
!G /6@~XO)w 例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and c"H59 jE A B C m?4L>' Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film _t'S<jTI D 34e>R?J presented on the five-story-tall screen. +T|M U 分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。 _RI!Z rz'A#-?'oG ⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 %4
0uw3 fifty percent of + 名词 3LK]VuZE one percent of + 名词 vvvH5NRm 谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如: +&j | |