fzhang2006 |
2009-01-08 14:42 |
考博英语语法重点总结
考博英语语法重点总结 { GCp5 FG71<}C[K 独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 ='kCY}dkO 独立主格特征 NqKeQezX 1. 充当句子的状语。 c%b|+4
}x 2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 |p*cI @ 3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 2,I]H'}^ 4. With + 名词 s-SFu (代词) + 分词 (形容词) ON!F k:-
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home.
}8"i~>>a b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. !JDuVqW c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). QRl+7V 真题剖析 sLTQm*jL (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. HXdo:#xEO 45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because ?@MY +r_G 练习:Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. `]19}GK~xo 8. A. is B. having C. being D. be CUC]-]8 虚拟语气 JCZ&TK 虚拟语气(2) 9w&CHg7D
i 1. (should)+动词原形 u0? TMy.% It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 4C:dkaDq] It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 +",`Mb It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 SZtSUt(ss 部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 K'"s9b8 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动,实际还没有行动 gLo&~|=L- would rather +动词过去式(宁愿已经做,其实没做)宁愿,,,就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) hlc g[Qdo* 真题剖析 ~% ]V
,-4 (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … p ~+sk1[. 47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t T2|<YJ= (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. 67Tu8I/r 53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded ecvZwL 练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. q9^.f9- 15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take 8)` (2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. <A\g*ld (even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) = K`]cEL
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should !+UXu]kA 非谓语动词 bgInIe 动名词、分词、不定式。 )J[Ady^5 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) ]8cD, NS 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) yM-%x1r~ To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 K TE*Du 真题剖析 lKRp9isn^ (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 3] U/^f3 60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops +$^[r (2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. RD:LNl<0sh 59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative '@QK<!%, 主谓一致 un,W{*s8* 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 aJ]t1 How you got there doesn’t concern me. q|
*nd!y' Growing vegetables needs constant watering. Mw;^`ZxT 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 t
$Ua&w Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. $@dPIq4o;} 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 =D 5!Xq'| 4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 2+LvlS)C Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). "1ZVuI 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 kf)s3I/`( Everyone knows that you’ve come here. I]d?F:cdX If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) 34vH+,!u 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) }-WuHh# He no less than John is interested in literature. Pv8AWQQJ 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) V}G;oz&>) Either my father or my brothers are coming. Lb2/ Te* 8. each,every,many a(否定=no) , no …+主语,谓语用单数。 TrHUM4 Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 8 A #\
V 真题剖析 JG'&anbm (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 'KNUPi| 53. A. none B. few C. any D. some <UJ5n) }"\ 倒装 S3/Z]?o 全部倒装 ?~~,?Uxw! 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” <ZeZq There stand big buildings in this district. wQ9fPOm Here on the desk lies a pile of books. DzvGR)>/ 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) bd.t|A In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. !iGZo2LV 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 ()@+QE$ In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. ,W;2A0A?X 4. 表语位于句首 c<
g{&YJ Especially remarkable was his flat nose. ?s{Pp Not far from here is a famous university.
-B#>Jn#F 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 R&s\h"=* She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. I78huYAYA Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. r;&rc:?A 6. 分词短语位于句首(分词+be +主语) UR.l*+<W7 Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. C+c;UzbD 部分倒装 @{UtS2L 1. 疑问句 FDO$(& 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首(作形容词时例外) /=ro$@ Never did John speak rudely to his parents. OX)[?1m8 3. “only+状语”位于句首 C)`y<O Only when he comes back can be leave. cYp]zn+6 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 2q.J1:lW No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. JN-wToOF 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) k9?fE By no means should you break the rules. ey>V^Fj At no time should we give in to difficulties. 0SLS;s.GX 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 sKI{AHJ?X 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though(尽管,虽然)+be动词” \"@BZ.y Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. 7ClN-/4 Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
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