考博英语语法重点总结 b6(LoN.
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 zjE|UK {
独立主格特征 RKi11z
1. 充当句子的状语。 )70i/%}7
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 -tP
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3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 Nh^
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4. With + 名词 1
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（代词） + 分词 (形容词） 6 M c&gnN
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. q9
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b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. BT *z^Z H
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). 8el\M/ u{
真题剖析 ztEM>xsk
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. 'g5 Gdn
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because $-w&<U$E
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. ;z1\n 3,
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be )JsmzGC0
虚拟语气 b[/uSwvi
虚拟语气（2） 'kb|!
1. （should）+动词原形 x{_3/4
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 a%YohfsY?U
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 y _
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It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 }7HR<%< 7
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 '$0
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2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 ,ZWaTp*D/
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) & ;2@*#,
真题剖析 "i^<
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(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … uGz>A
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47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t FzzV%
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. =\FV_4)
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded cii!
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练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. L ]Y6/Q
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take 8`B]UcL)
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 7^FJ+gN8b
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) ),rd7GB>
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should ZcE:r +
非谓语动词 +i@ {h9"6g
动名词、分词、不定式。 0nsj ihw
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) `Kb"`}`_vm
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) :cA%lKg
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ,a'Y^[4k?
真题剖析 v[XTH 2
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. Ql]+,^kA@
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops y*<x@i+h
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. |w+N(wcJ
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative kCHYLv3.
主谓一致 yOswqhz
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 LK:J kjp^
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 2>*b.$g
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. nh]}KFO h
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 jxqKPMf>@%
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. u W0D m #
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 AM re(lgh
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 %4,v2K
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). #p7K2
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 `M[o.t
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. k9m9IE"9=$
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) qAW?\*n5N
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） D~b _nFD
He no less than John is interested in literature. 0sfb$3y
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) * ry}T=
Either my father or my brothers are coming. :r4o:@N'
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 v2jpao<K
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. XiO~^=J
真题剖析 g\]~H%2 ,
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. ib- H
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53. A. none B. few C. any D. some %R^*MUTx
倒装 b?K`DUju{0
全部倒装 =/Ph ]f9
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” A)_HSI Vi
There stand big buildings in this district. RXRoMg!-P
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. i:60|ngK
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) :nS$cC0x*
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 2EiE5@
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 TW6F9}'f&
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. 6d( D >a
4. 表语位于句首 ^Lv )){t
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. 2ElZ&(RZJF
Not far from here is a famous university. \}71p zw(
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 E N rcIZ
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. Rga
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Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. ;EQ7kuJQ?
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语）
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Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. -B&
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部分倒装 3 sD|R{
1. 疑问句 *yv@B !r
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） rK\9# [?x
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. ERy=lP~gV
3. “only+状语”位于句首 r{ K Q3j9O
Only when he comes back can be leave. 82iFk`)T
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 p\R&vof*
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. .C` YO2,
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) ]$=# :uf
By no means should you break the rules. @N ]]Cf>x
At no time should we give in to difficulties. G6dUm_iB
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 cn
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7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” msY6zJc`
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. S_TD o
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
