II. Vocabulary:10% 21. Mr. Bridges mentioned briefly several other subjects in the course of his talk but mostly kept himself to the main topic A. touched off B. touched down C. touched on D. touched up ZzuWN&
22. Ted got a better job and left the school before Mrs. Wolcox had him expelled. A. disgraced B. degraded C. executed D. ejected >NN&j#;x~
23. Realizing that many readers find long descriptive passages uninteresting, Bruce began his story with an exciting conflict. A. melancholy B. tedious C. incredible D. offensive Vam4/6
24. One of Nike’s founders, Phillip Hampson Knight had been a top athlete when he was at the University of Oregon and he moved on to become a student at Stanford Business School, but retained his interest in sport. A. remained B. preserved C. continued D. restrained CR<Nau>
25. A haphazard knowledge of several styles of a language may be worse than useless if we do not know the type of occasion on which each is appropriate or if we do not know when we are sliding from one of another. A. causal B. disorganized C. systematic D. unplanned L2
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26. I contend, quite bluntly, that marking up a book is not an act of mutilation but of love. A. respectation B. possession C. dominance D. destruction d$` NApr
27. Recent border confrontations between the two countries lead credence to the rumors of an impending war. A. conflicts B. consequences C. conferences D. enterprises ]p2M!N,?
28. You may make good grades by studying only before examinations, but you will succeed eventually only by studying hard every day. A. in due course B. in the long run C. in the main D. in the first place 9W<I~
29. Gaining acknowledgement from fellow workers and managers gives a person a sense of importance in society. A. admittance B. permission C. recognition D. denial xT$9M"
30. You should be relieving me of duty at 10:30, but don’t hurry if it’s inconvenient; I’ll hang on till you arrive. A. turn on B. look over C. keep on D. take over ;4 ON
31. Before sitting for the entrance examination for post-graduate students, many candidates try to familiarize themselves with the formula of the exam by doing _____ tests. A. imitated B. simulated C. stimulated D. illustrated ]RJc
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32. Mary and John took a long time in saying good night in order to postpone the ___ of parting. A. jealousy B. relief C. anguish D. appreciation fgSe]q//
33. James is very set in his ways, but Mark has a more ___ attitude to life. A. tolerant B. flexible C. cautious D. defensive S
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34. He was so mean that he couldn’t bear to ___ the smallest sum of money for the charity appeal. A. let out B. pay up C. give in D. part with "R/Xv+;
35. Some one has said that a man’s history begins about one hundred and fifty years before his birth, or words ___ . A. in any case B. to that effect C. in a sense D. to the contrary yqw#= fy
36. It is reported that a conference on world communications and transportation will be ___ by the British government next month. A. subscribed to B. given out C. presided over D. put on IaLCWvHX
37. Mario was awarded the medal for ‘displaying professional ___ of the highest order in the rescue attempts two weeks ago. A. solution B. supervision C. intelligence D. competence jQiKof>
38. The birchbark canoe is not as ___ as it appears; it is built to withstand long journeys over rough waters. A. solid B. fragile C. tough D. sturdy 2=6}! Y
39. Coach Green allowed John to join the basketball team although, ___, he was not tall enough. A. economically B. technically C. methodically D. intellectually '4nR ^,
40. Mrs Smith thought her children went to the movies; ___ , they went to the zoo. A. in general B. or rather C. on the contrary D. so to speak *h>KeIB;
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III. Reading Comprehension: 1 Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic. And that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In the 1960sa new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery. MZX-<p+
The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints. The word laser means: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Light. As we all know, light is hot; any source of light---from the sun itself down to a humble match burning---will give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam. 3i'L5f67
Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells. It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through the eyeball. No knives, no stitches (刀口缝合), no unwanted damage--a true surgical wonder.
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Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now be tried. dt(#|8i%
The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can be treated medically. 41.Up until the 1960s the instruments used to perform surgical operations were ___ . A. fashionable B. extraordinary C. special D. basic ,wN>,(
42.After the development of the laser in the 1960s, we find that ___ . A. medical help became available for industrial workers. B. the study of art went through a complete revolution. C. more and more surgeons began using surgical instruments. D. man's whole approach to surgery changed completely 02_%a1g
43.The laser beam is so strong because ___ . A. it is composed of a concentrated beam of light B. its heat is increased by the heat of the sun C. it can be plugged into an ordinary light fitting D. it sends out heat in many different directions <Yk#MeiEp
44.Surgeons can now carry out operations which ___ . A. can be performed successfully only on the human eye B. result in long periods of recovery time for patients C. are made much more complicated by using the laser beam D. result in very little damage to the patients themselves Qf|=xV,F
45.The rapid development of laser techniques has meant that ___ . A. in another ten years we shall be able to cure cancer B. surgery is likely to improve considerably C. we shall be able to treat all the diseases we suffer from D. we are now able to treat most forms of cancer 2,Og(_0>
2 In 1885 Owen Wister (1850-1938) recorded that "it won't be a century before the West is simply the true America, with thought, type, and life of its own" and he wanted "to be the hand that once, for all, chronicled and laid bare the virtues and the vices of this extraordinary phase of American social progress." He never became that self-envisioned Tolstoi of the old West, but in 1902 The Virginian was published. It won instant success and skyrocketed its author to fame. It is still the most popular "Western" novel ever published and the master design for the fiction of the Wild West. L/,W
The Virginian established a literary form, a formula popularly known as "horse opera", whose conventions, cliches, and values have reappeared in novels and short stories, in movies and television serials, ever since. The romantic cowboy is the hero and gentleman, one of those "good men in the humbler walks of life", who seems through shams, defends justice and a lady's honor, shoots it out with the villain and conquers evil. Because of the Virginian, Wister created a character who is the original type for the Western folk hero. He represents the embodiment of certain American ideals --- a man who is equal to all occasions, who shows independence of action, a man who keeps his word who is "a broad-guage fellow living among narrow-guage folk". But the literary device and cowboy code which Wister established dictated that the hero must kill the bad man. This necessity for sanctioning murder and romanticizing of the cowboy as a gentleman prohibited. The Virginian and the genre it created from becoming serious fiction, or even an authentic product of the western experience. Instead of achieving his ambition, therefore, Wister gave us a sort of American folk epic, the cowboy story. 46.Owen Wister believed ___ . A. the way of life in the West in 1885 was a passing phase b. the cowboy in 1885 symbolized the typical American male. C. the West would be always isolated from the rest of the country by its moral code. D. none of these. :i&ZMH,O
47.The reference to Wister as a self-envisioned Tolstoi implies that ___ . A. The Virginian is as great a novel as War and Peace B. Wister underestimated himself as an author C. Wister wanted to be a writer of light novels D. as Tolstoi had laid bare the virtues and vices of Russian society, so Wister would do for the society of the American West. w7?&eF(w(
48.Stylistically, The Virginian is noted for the fact that it ___ . A. was written according to a pre-established formula. B. established the formula known as "horse opera". C. followed the literary conventions of the day. D. abandoned American conventions in favor of foreign ones. SG{> t*E
49. The popularity which was accorded The Virginian indicates that Wister ___ . A. realized his stated ambition B. gave us an authentic account of the western experience C. became the American Tolstoi D. had written an account of the cowboy which appealed to American aspirations 50.The author of the article believes that ___ . A. The Virginian did not deserve the success it won B. Wister made a definite contribution to American literature C. Wister was a hack B. cowboy stories should be considered serious fiction n'yC- ;
3 Death comes quickly in the mountains. Each winter holiday makers are caught unawares as they happily ski away from the fixed runs, little realizing that a small avalanche can send them crashing in a bone-breaking fall down the slope and leave them buried under tons of crisp white snow. There are lots of theories about how to avoid disaster when hit by an avalanche. Practice is normally less cheerful. f<V#Yc(U}
The snow in the Salzburg of Austria where a recent disaster took place was typical avalanche material. For several days before the incident I had skied locally. Early winter snow was wearing thin and covered with ice. On top of that new, warmer flakes were gently falling to produce a dangerous carpet. To the skier who enjoys unmarked slopes it is tempting stuff, deep new power snow on a hard base---the skiing that dreams are made of. And sometimes nightmares. tf?u ;n
Snow falls in sections like a cake. Different sections have different densities because of the temperatures at the time of the fall and in the weeks afterwards. Problems come when any particular section is too thick and not sticking to the section beneath. The snow of the past few weeks had been falling in rather higher temperatures than those of December and early January. The result of these conditions is that even a slight increase in the temperatures sends a thin stream of water between the new snow and the old. Then the new snow simply slides off the mountain. yk4Huq&2
Such slides are not unexpected. Local citizens know the slopes which tend to avalanche and the weather in which such slides are likely. Traps are set to catch the snow or prevent it slipping; bombs are placed and exploded from time to time to set off small avalanches before a big one has time to build up; and above all, skiers are warned not to ski in danger areas. 3:f<cy
In spite of this, avalanches happen in unexpected areas and, of course, skier ignore the warnings. The one comfort to recreational skiers, however, is that avalanche incidents on the marked ski slopes are quite rare. No ski resort wants the image of being a death trap.