时态语态和语气的使用错误 C<"b99\2`
1. 时态错误。 主要是指在一个句子中，出现不同的时态，从而造成时态不一致，如： He can’t remember what he once knows. L`@)*x)~R
gg+!e#-X
2. 语态错误。 在 cet6 综合改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。不及物动词不能带宾语，因而也就没有被动语态。如： She was very angry at not telling the truth when she listened to the account. *;!p#qL
&$<7]a\dM
3. 虚拟语态错误。 此类使用错误在综合改错题中主要表现为主语和从句的语气不协调，如： We strongly suggest that Henry is told about his physical condition as soon as possible. 句中动词 suggest 之后的从句应用虚拟语气，故“ is ”应该 “ be ”或“ should be ”。类似的动词还有 demand ， insist ， order 等等。 K=Y{iHn
#Ab,h#f*7
下面通过一些例题来进行具体讲解： /`H{ n$
lDF26< <\`
ov%. +5 P
j"wbq-n,7
例 1 cjy b:gAO
,Jq k0cW2
These newly wedded couples usually came here and meet 1.__________ ("T8 mt[w>
Hr/3nq}.
together to hold parties. 68YJ@(iS
v3Xt<I=4y
y1*z," dx
YM4njkI7
由于前面的时态已经限制为过去时，而且 came 和 meet 是并列结构，两者时态应该保持一致，因此应该将 meet 改为 met ，或者将 came 改为 come ，具体情况依据上下文的语境时态而定。 h6uv7n~4
J]mq|vE
$]I" ,ef
\h UE, ^
例 2 HP
G*o
3X]\p}] z
Computer analyzed marketing reports can help deciding 6j5?&)xJ
F]k$ O $)0
which products to emphasize now, which to develop xj
O((JC
$
bo
5:c
for the future, and which to be dropped. 1.__________ t] PO4GA
]CZ&JL
{H$m1=S
w 7Y>B`wm?
本句中三个平行成分 which products to emphasize now ， which to develop for the future 和 which to be dropped 结构模式应该一致，均采用不定式主动语态，因而 to be dropped 应改为 to drop 。 .>bvI1
1h0cId8d
jm$v0=W9#
?Rg8
u
例 3 Tx!c }
ecl$z6'c
In the first place, the scientist at once put some #w<:H1,4
q,H
0=\
kind of material into the liquid which has already 1.__________ P0N%77p>"
A! j
4;=}
securely obtained. %}%vey
r\sQ8/
MX.=k>
lY_&P.B
根据句子意思可知，此处的 liquid 不可能为动作的发生者，显然此处应该是被动语态，故应该将 has 改为 is 或者在 has 后加 been 均可，意思是指“已经安全获得的液体”。 <O#/-r >2
|( =`l
5 I(gP
Uhz<B #tj
例 4 c>*RQ4vE
Y=#g_(4*
Did they gone there yesterday, they would have discovered 1.__________ i1#\S0jN
B3V=;zn 3
the truth. %TA3 o71
5$|wW}SA
`Al5( 0Q
K8l|qe
根据句子意思可知，这句话是说如果他们昨天去了就会发现事实真相，然而他们并未去，此处是虚拟语气，因此应该使用虚拟语气的格式，将 Did 改为 Had 。 W& U
Nk,
K]
^kUN_
练习题 HZ1e~IIw
)&j4F)
Ua^'KRSO
;^Vsd\ac0
1 These small households were portraits of n 0T\dc~
5_ @8g+
~
independence: the entire family, mother, father, iR9
$E
;R E|9GR
children, even grandparents live in a small house *N .f_s
=8r%zLDw
and working together to support each other. 1.__________ DHO6&8S
2NLD7A
sS, Swgr
-bo5/`x
2 In the meantime the unscientific world awoke $&96qsr
;^}gC}tq
to the fact that scientists are on the track of a great 2.__________ uo YG@L 2
/2K4ka<?7
discovery. y]B?{m``6
)z/+!y
GqXnOmk
)\C: |
3 For in 1895, the year of the Curie marriage, 'ao<gTUbu
XYtDovbv &
Roentgen discovered the famous rays that are 3.__________ c
rP Er
QAigbS
n]
named after him--- he forerunners of modern sr+*
q6W
RU3:[ (7
X-rays. LfEeFF=#n
e`%U}_[ d
'c 3P3`o,;
xJtblZ1sr
4 Mary hoped at one time to study at the University Hn5:*;N
7F OG^
of Cracow, then under Austrian rule. But when she nqNL[w6{
!%{/eQFT4
demanded to allowed to attend science lectures, the 4.__________ o(GXv3L
m?DI]sIv #
secretary said that science was not a thing in which 1'or[Os3=
#~l(t_m{
women can meddle. vt@5Hb)
'thWo wE
'\8gY((7
*Y"Kbn 6
5 Many part-time stu dents expected to offered some 5.__________ eg Ml(~D
jC3ta
jobs on campus during the coming summer vacation. 2Wwzc vs@
JDcc`&`M
# 9-qF9M
Vmq:As^a
6 Many people who live in London think that life in w U".^
+
s8L=:hiSf)
a large city offered special advantages. 6.__________ a *?b nw?
{~J'J $hn8
t5:
1' N9P
z,pKy Inw
7 The changes that taken place in air travel during 7.__________
WWf#in
g=*'kj7c3
the last sixty years would have seemed impossible E,u/^V9x
/-%0y2"7
to even the most Brilliant scientists at the turn of $gZC"~BR
. g/PWEr\I
the 19th century. |^l17veA@
mhh^kwW
yN- o?[o
2F5*C
8 I regret having left the work unfinished, I should D,R"P }G
imb.CYS74
have plan every thing ahead carefully. 8.__________ i 'bviD
@fz0-vT,
:Vd o.uUa
:pz`bFJ k
9 No bank kept enough cash to pay all its depositors 9.__________ V 46=48K.
{X r|L
in full at one time. %?2: 1o
PMOyZ3
ZMp5 d4y5
py-5 :g}d
10 The Conestoga wagon, used for carry heavy loads 10.__________ #_ (t46
3lh^maQ]
over long distances, originated around 1725 in a region Nw3K@ Ge
9nGS"E l{
of Pennsylvania occupied by Conestoga Indians. Hl|EySno
c c0e (\
%[l#S*)~
答案： E]MyP=g$
1. working→work。此句总体上讲述的是这些小家庭独立的掠影，而后半句解释到这些小家庭的成员生活在一起、工作在一起的情景，应该用一般现在时，和live保持一致。 w?JR Y
Xi
8rD"v
(Zi,~Wqm$
i3dV2^O
2. are→were。 9
coN >y
(R{|* :K P
"e ;wN3/bF
8+|7*Ud
3. are→were。 &sA@!
35}]
U=
,6Ua+\|
M/x*d4b_
4. allow前加be。“be allowed to do sth.”是“被允许作……”的意思。 ^Mc zumG[
K0 6 E:
z~0f[As.
u^X,ASkQ
5. offered前加be。“offer”是及物动词，后面应该接双宾语结构，即“offer sb. sth.”而在该句中缺少成分而只有宾语补主语，应该将其改为被动语态，即“be offered sth.” e b*w$|y6"
o|njgmF;\
_ry7 [/)
. >^iU}
6. offered→offers。
-;s-*$I
R![)B97^
uc?`,;8{`
=JDa[_lpN
7. taken前加have。 ,0fYB*jk
dt1,! sHn
=5D@~?W ZG
,]cb3nP
8. plan→planned。 r4wnfy
Z#_ +yw
cuUl
r
u EE #A0
9. kept→keep。 )u}My Fl.
d_!l RQ^N
R X WS,rF
\ -scGemH
10. carry→carrying。
