中国科学院2004年3月博士研究生入学考试试题 ,/p+#|>C=
PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION （20 minutes, 20points） nt>3 i! l
Section A (10 points,1,point each) Z:h'kgG &
Directions: In this section, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The question will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet Xmmj.ZUr
1.A. He'll give a hand after class. )UU`uzU;u
B. He has to do something else.
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C. He isn't afraid to go with the woman. ?
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D. He's going to hand in his paper. ~5|R`%
2.A. The woman asks the man for leave. w]xr
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B. The man does not welcome the woman. eVMnI yr
C. The man is on a visit to the woman. %F1 50$(D
D. The woman hopes to live with the man. 7R5ebMW
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3.A.He's got a good appetite. a6h+?Q7uF
B. It's too long since he had lunch. 6X'0 T}
C. It's better for him to go out for dinner. E Y !o#m
D. He's rarely got enough to eat. N?rE:0SJ
4.A. He often hsa his limbs hurt after driving.
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B. He was badly injured in a car accident. N@X6Z!EO
C. He'd rater the car was much nicer. 6j1C=O@S
D. He's just got an expensive car. dlZ2iDQ%
5.A. The man needn't have got surprised. *@@dO_%6
B. The man didn't see her sister for long. >@G"*le*)
C. The man should be ashamed of his shape )J yB
D. The man is putting on weight. @v&P;=lU
6.A.Customer and tailor ?)<zzL",
B. Customer and saleswoman #: Q\
C. Customer and laundry maid <h+UC# .x
D. They can't wait to eat. \AI-x$5R *
7.A.They're going to eat at 4 o'clock. fY =:geB
B. They're can't wait to eat. T_wh)B4xW
C. They can't eat any more M
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D. They're ordering some cheap dish. rR{KnM
8.A. Bob will get the car when he has enough money. eq"X
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B. Bob's friend is buying the cat. +o,f:Ih
C. Bob can't affore the new car. Wzff p}V
D. Bob has made the down payment on the car. i;qij[W. z
9.A. Testing a CD player. m#_M"B.cm
B. Watching TV. plr3&T~,&S
C. Playing computer game. +_*iF5 \
D. Listening to the radio. ;5T}@4m| r
10.A.Calm down and forget it. h ~._R6y
B. Things should be much better. muK.x7zyl
C. Make a louder complaint. ZcHIk{|
D. Ask someone to solve the problem. nsq7dhq
Section B (10 points, point each) |RXXj [z
Directions: In this section, you will hear three short passage. At the end of each passage, there will be a few questions. Both the passage and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machinescoring Answer Sheet. _ q>|pt.W
Questions 11-13 are based on the following educational report. ]70ZerQ~L
11.A. Who is to give the commencement speech. "?iyvzo
B. Where to hold the graduation ceremony. k7sD " xR3
C. How to get connected with celebrities. #Lk~{
D. What is meant by“prominet figures”. /&c zaAR-
12.A.Involve famous people in the graduation committee. P_p\OK*l]o
B. Have a celebrity speak at the graduation ceremony. 4OAR ["f
C. Invite the parents to the graduation ceremony. u2 fp~.'P
D. Give support to a presidential candidate.
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13.A. As many as 18. aN,? a@B
B. Less than 18. ?h| DeD!s
C. A few more than 18. =C|^C3HK
D. At least 18. a>d`g
Questions14-16 are basen on the following science report p)m5|GH24
14.A. Nearly 170 years. 2r+nr
B. Less than 18. ~o K0k_{~
C. Almost 3 centuries. Qs#;sy
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D. One and helf centuries. ]!jfrj
15.A. The second new generation showed purple-white flowered. (WY9EJ<s,
B. The first new generation all has white flowers. +o0yx U
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C. The second new generation were all purple-flowered. 0~[M[T\
D. The first new generation carried the both plants' features. Be^"sC
16.A. Two generation of a plant. %uiCC>cC
B. The features of all living things. Y ;E'gP-J
C. The discovery of genes. Z> X]'q03
D. Genetic research methodologies. q['3M <q
Questions 17-20 are based on the following educational report. ^q%f~m,O<
17.A. It's a two-year graduate course offered in Malaysia by a famous foreign university. W+4Bx=Mj
B. The program offers a degree to a Malaysian student only if he studies 2 years abroad. V pY,@qh
C. It's a program jointly run by a private Malaysian college and a foreign university. 4N3 O<)C)@
D. The program combines 2 degree course that a student can complete in 3 years. !tx.2m*5
18.A. Students can choose to study all the 3 years in Malaysia. JP^x]t:
B. Students can choose to study all the 3 years abroad. W ?ghG
C. Students can complete a 3-year program by paying only 1-year's cost. Es\J%*\u
D. Students can finish a degree course within I year rather than 3 years. h\~!! F
19.A.They bring more fame and gain to the Malaysian universities that run those programs. Zz 'g&ew o
B. They provide students more opportunities to get to know foreign cultures and custome. Q{miI
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C. They promote exchanging educational programs between Malaysia and foreign countries. /_8nZVu
D. They make it more affordable to get degrees from some reputable foreign universities. o,0
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20.A. Australia's Curtin University of Technology D+q z`
B. Britain's University of Sheffield e~R_ bBQ0
C. Australia's University of Adelaide n%02,pC6,
D. Britain's Manchester University Ruwp"T}mF
(THE IS THE END OF LISTENING COMPREHENSION) I9#l2<DYlX
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PARTⅡ VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each) iHQ$L# 7
Directions: Choose the word or word below each sentence that best complete the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machinescoring Answer Sheet. Z \n^m^Z
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21. A knowledge of history us to deal with the vast range of problems confronting the contemporary world. |;p.!FO
A. equips B. provides C.offers D. satisfies W58%Zz4a
22. In assessing the impact of the loss of a parent through death and divorce it was the distortion of family relationships not the of the bond with the parent in divorce that was vital. T5:xia>8O
A. disposition B. distinction C.distribution D. disruption E4_,E eC#
23. Finally, let's a critical issue in any honest exploration of our attitudes towards old people, namely the value which our society ascribes to them. K,*z8@
A. stick to B. turn to C.lead to D. take to GI:!
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24. Smuggling is a____________activity which might bring destruction to our economy; therefore, it must be banned. `v2X p3o4f
A. pertinent B. fruitful C.detrimental D. casual XSh [#qJ
25. The manufacturer was forced to return the money to the consumers under____________of law. ]z# Ita;
A. guideline B. definition C.constraint D. idetity RfCu5 Kn
26. The food was divided____________according to the age and size of the child. )%8s t'
A. equally B. individually C.sufficiently D. proportionally uy<b5.!-
27. Horseback riding____________both the skill of handing a horse and the mastery of diverse riding styles. lJx5scN [
A. embraces B. encourages C.exaggerates D. elaborate G)o:R iq
28. Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food,____________their cleanness, toughness, and low cost. lWP]}Uy=5~
A. by virtue of B. in addition to C.for the sake of D. as opposed to n5tsaU;
29. He cannot____________the fact that he was late again for the conference at the university yesterday. l B#7j
A. contribute to B. account for C.identify with D. leave out 2{oQ
30. Please do not be____________by his had manners since he is merely trying to attract attention. z('t#J
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A. disgusted B. embarrassed C.irritated D. shocked {yd(n_PqY
31. For nearly 50 years, Spock has been a____________author writing 13 books including an autobiography and numerous magazine articles. ^^a%Lz)U
A. prevalent B. stand up to C.prospective D. prolific (/{ bJt~b
32. Workers in this country are getting higher wages while turning out poor products that do not____________the test of international competition. g!cW`B'
A. keep up with B. stand up to C.comply with D. attend to `9\^.g)
33. The business was forced to close down for a period but was____________revived. _E/
A. successively B. subsequently C.predominantly D. preliminarily xNLgcb@v>
34. The book might well have____________had it been less expensive. L nq CHe
A. worked out B. gone through C.caught on D. fitted in zp``e;gY
35. We had been taken over by another firm, and a management____________was under way. _({wJ$aYC
A. cleanup B. setup C.breakout D. takeout [b~+VeP+p4
36. The poor quality of the film ruined the____________perfect product. pP#
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A. rather B. much C.otherwise D. particularly M(^ e)
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37. I'll have to____________this dress a bit before the wedding next week. b P V; "
A. let off B. let go C.let loose D. let out #GUD^#Jh
38. They reached a(n)____________to keep their dispute out of the mass madia. 4Bt)t#0
A. understanding B. acknowledgement C.limitations D. misgivings Q6N?cQtOT
39. After walking for hours without finding the village, we began to have____________about our map. h&~9?B
A. troubles B. fears C.limitations D. misgivings 2NB $(4/
40. If you don't want to talk to him, I'll speak to him____________. b8Hz l!zO
A. on your account B. on your behalf C.for your part D. in your interest 8~|v:qk
PAET Ⅲ CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points) v0T?c53?
Direction: There are 15 blanks in this part of the test, read the passage through, Then, go back and choose the suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the world or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. <KE%|6oER
The process by means of which human beings arbitrarily make certain things stand for other things many be called the symbolic process. #6pJw?[
Everywhere we turn, we see the symbolic process at work. There are__ 41__things men do or want to do, possess or want to possess, that have not a symbolic value. d vo|9 >
Almost all fashionable clothes are__ 42__symbolic, so is food. We__ 43__our furniture to serve __ 44__visible symbols of our taste, wealth, and social position. We often choose our houses__ 45__the basis of a feeling that it“looks well”to have a “good address.”We trade perfectly good cars in for__ 46__models not always to get better transportation, but to give__ 47__to the community that we can __ 48__it. i8f +woZL
Such complicated and apparently__ 49__behavior leads philosophers to ask over and over again, “why cna't human beings__ 50__simply and naturally.” Often the complexity of human life makes us look enviously at the relative__ 51__of such live as dogs and cats. Simply, the fact that symbolic process makes complexity possible is no__ 52__for wanting to__ 53__to a cat and to a cat-and-dog existence. A better solution is to understand the symbolic process__ 54__instead of being its slaves we become, to some degree at least, its__ 55__. Kp;a(D
41. A. many B. some C. few D. enough Rh ) %;
42. A. highly B. nearly C. merely D. likely J.O{+{&cd
43. A. makd B. get C. possess D. select K b'4W-&u!
44. A. of B. for C. as D. with w U1[/
45. A. on B. to C. at D. for O:imX>|u
46. A. earlier B. later C. former D. latter r >sXvzv
47. A. suggestion B. surprise C. explanation D. evidence (.5
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48. A. use B. afford C. ride D. find Q9;
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49. A. useless B. impossible C. inappropriate D. unnecessary :lK8i{o
50. A. live B. work C. stay D. behave {CFy
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51. A. passivity B. activity C. simplicity D. complexity gtqtFrleG
52. A. meaning B. reason C. time D. doubt ~&"'>C#
53. A. lead B. devote C. proceed D. return ^
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54. A. so that B. in that C. considering that D. by reason that j zwHb'4B3
55. A. teachers B. students C. masters D. servants ,F+,A].wG
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PART Ⅳ READING COMPREHENSION (60 minutes, 30 points) 'QTa<Z)E
Directions: You will read five passage in this part of the test. Below each passage there are some question or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read the passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. h<n 2pz}
Passage1 w @\4ft6d
The Solar Decathlon is under way, and trams of students from 14 colleges and universities are building solar-powered homes on the National Mall in Washington, D. C. in an effort to promote this alternative energy source. This week judges in this Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored event will evaluate these homes and declare one the winner. Unfortunately, for the participants, it rained on the Sept 26th opening ceremonies, and the skies over the Washington have remained mostly overcast since. However, the conditions may have made for a more revealing demonstration of solar energy than was originally planned. 90ov[|MkM
Although the Solar Decathlon's purpose is to advertise the benefits of electricity-generating solar panels and other residential solar gadgets, the had weather has made it hard to ignore the limitations. As fate so amply demonstrated, not every day is a sunny day, and indeed D O E's“Solar Village on the National Mall” has received very little of what it needs to run. " {c@}~
Since solar is not an always available energy source, even a community consisting entirely of solar homes and businesses would still need to be connected to a constantly-running power plant (most likely natural gas or coal fired) to provide reliable electricity. For this reason, the fossil fuel savings and environmental benefits of solar are considerably smaller than many proponents suggest. P0k.\ 8
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Washington, D. C. gets its share of sunny days as well, but even so, solar equipment proveds only a modest amount of energy in relation to its cost. In fact, a $ 5,000 rooftop photovoltaic system typically generates no more than $ 100 of electricity per year, providing a rate of return comparable to a passbook savings account. >X5RRSo
Nor do the costs end when the system is installed. Like anything exposed to the elements, solar equipment is subject to wear and storm damage, and may need ongoing maintenance and repairs. In addition, the materials that turn sunlight into electricity degrade over time. Thus, solar panels will eventually need to be replaced, most likely before the investment has fully paid itself off in the form of reduced utility bills. z f >( Y7M
Solar energy has always has its share of true believers willing to pay extra to feel good about their homes and themselves. But for homeowners who view it as an investment, it is not a good one. The economic realities are rarely acknowledged by the govenment officials and solar equipment manufactures involved in the Solar Decathlon and similarly one-sided promotions. By failing to be objective, the pro-solar crowd does consumers a real disservice. j(M.7Z7^
56. The Solar Decathlon is most probably the name of a____________. 1)f <
A. technology B. contest C. strategy D. machine ?u0qYep:
57. What does the author say about the weather? U99Uny9
A. It is rare for Washington, D. C. to have such long rainy days. #RKd >ig%
B. It has been raining since Sept 26th for the most of the time. &v feBth
C. It is favorable to the manufacturers to promote solar equipment. Qtt3;5m
D. It has helped see the disadvantages of solar energy. E
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58. What has happened to D O E's“Solar Village on the National Mall”? Z!4B=?(
A. It has revealed a mechanical problem. >LB*5
B. It lacks the energy for operation. \3hFb,/4k
C. It needs substantial financial support. L(C0236r
D. It has drawn criticism from the government. sHOBT,B
59. The environmental benefits of solar power are small because____________. PtGFLM9R
A. solar power plants can hardly avoid polluting their surroundings ,pUB[w\
B. most people prefer the relatively simple use of fossil fuel ' ]Z%6_WF
C. the uses of solar enery still cannot go without fossil fuel @ *5+ZAF
D. only several communities entirely consist of solar energy homes =dp`4N
60. It can be inferred that “a passbook savings account”____________. *q@3yB}
A. brings little interest $^YHyfh
B. brings much interest f? (g5o*2
C. is a deposit of at least $ 100 Fz5eCe\B
D. is a deposit of at least $ 5000 lbh7`xCR
61. It can be inferred that in promoting solar energy the US government____________. MVEh<_
A. admits its limitation of being expensive n' 1L Ni
B. rarely mentions its cost to homeowners //bQD>NBO
C. stands on the side of the majority of consumers di<g" 8
D. remains more objective than the solar equipment manufacturers %H3 iX^}*
Passage2 qV-1aaA
Every year, the American Lung Association (ALA) releases its annual report card on smog, and every year it gives an“F” to over helf the nation's counties and cities. When ALA's “State of the Air 2002” recently came out, dozens of credulous local journalists once again took the bait, ominously reporting that their corner of the nation received a failing grade. The national coverage was no better, repeating as fact ALA's statement that it is “gravely concerned” about air quality, and neglecting to solicit the views of even one scientist with a differing view. Too bad, because this report card says a lot less about actual air quality than it does about the tactics and motives of the ALA. | `+ (O
The very fact that 60 percent of counties were giver an “F” seems to be alarmist. This is particularly true given that smog levels have been trending downward for several decades. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) statistics, ozone, the primary constituent of smog, progress will likely continue, even without the wave of new regulations ALA is now demanding. OD?y
ALA is correct that some areas still occasionally exceed the federal standard for ozone, but such spiles are far less frequent than in the past. Even Los Angeles, the undisputed smon capital of America, has cleaned up its act considerably. Los Angeler,which exceeded federal smog standards for 154 days in 1989, has had 75percent fewer such spikes in recent years. But an ALA-assigned“F”misleadingly implies that air quality has not improved at all. 'v Kae
Most of the nation is currently in attainment with the current smog standard, and much of the rest is getting close, Nonetheless, ALA chose to assign an “ F”to entire county based on just a few readings above a strict new EPA standard enacted in 1997 but not yet in force. In effect, ALA demanded a standard even more stringent than the federal government's, which allows some leeway for a few anomalously high reading in otherwise clean areas. ALA further exaggerated the public-health hazard by grossly overstating the risks of these relatively minor and sporadic increases above the standard. ]1I-e2Q-J
62.The media's response to ALA's “State of the Air 2002”can best be described as____________. yvnvI y
A. trusting B. suspicious C. critical D. hesitant q77Iq0VR
63. By citing figures from the EPA, the auther seem to contend that____________ .
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A. the regulations about smog have proved effective fe}RmnAC
B. new regulations are necessary to deal with smog 4I.)>+8V
C. smog problems have actually become less serious ]jR-<l8I-
D. the federal smog standard has been rather low g9IIC5
64. In Paragraph 3, the word “spikes”(in boldface) probably refers to____________. VS65SxHA
A. the increase above the smog standard v7@ *dg
B. the irregular readings about air quality in some areas d-gcXaA-8
C. the occurrences of smog in Los Angeles WY26Iq@C
D. the current standards demanded by ALA Q_*.1L
65. The author draws on Los Angeles to prove that the ALA____________. 0;w84>M
A. is right to assign an “F”to that area ~$1g"jIw
B. often bases its report on the past events \#gguq?[
C. has a good reason to stress smog risks 'yh)6mid
D. has overstated smog problems T
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66. The author agrees with the ALA that____________. dx.J v/Mb
A. present smog standards should be made stricter G+m[W
B. the standard established by the EPA is effective eGWwPSIp
C. some areas fail to meet the federal standard at times w!}kc
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D. poor air quality is a major problem nationwide gU?M/i2
67. One of the problems with the ALA seems to be____________. ifmX<'(9 A
A. its lack of opinions from experts 4OG 1_6K
B. its focus on some irregular cases
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C. its attempt to make up the date )W1[{?
D. its inconsistent smog standards ixqvX4vv,B
Passage3 UAC"jy1D
It was (and is )common to think that other animals are ruled by“instinct”whereas humans lost their instincts and ruled by “reason,”and that this is why we are so much more flexibly interlligent than other animals. William James, in his book Principles of psychology, took the opposite view. He argued that human behavior is more flexibly intelligent than that of other animals because we have more instincts than they do, not fewer. We tend to be blind to the existence of these instincts, however, precisely because they work so well-because they process information so effortlessly and automatically. They structure our thought so powerfully, he argued, that it can be difficult to imagine how things could be otherwise. As a result, we take“normal” behavior for granted. We do not realize that “normal”behavior needs to be explained at all. This“instinct blindness”makes the study of psychology difficult. To get past this problem, James suggested that we try to make the “natural seen strange.”“It takes a mind debauched by learning to carry the process of making the natural seem strange, so far as to ask for the why of any instinctive human act.” v}@Uc-(
In our view, William James was right about evolutionary psychology. Making the natural seem strange is unnatural—it requires the twisted outlook seen, for example, in Gary Larson cartoons. Yet it is a central part of the enterprise. Many psychologists avoid the study of natural competences, thinking that there is nothing there to be explained. As a result, social psychologists are disappointed unless they find a phenomenon “that would surprise their grandmothers,” and cognitie psychologists spend more time studying how we solve problem we are bad at, like learning math or playing chess, than ones we are good at. But natural competences—our abilities to see, to speak, to find someone beautiful, to reciprocate a favor, to fear disease, to fall in love, to initiate an attack, to experience moral outrage, to navigate a landscape, and myriad others—are possible only because there is a vast and heterogeneous array of complex computational machinery supporting and regulating these activities. This machinery works so well that we don't even realize that it exists—we all suffer from instinct blindness. As a result, psychologists have neglected to study some of the most interesting machinery in the human mind. '"6*C*XS
68. William James believed that man is mor flexibly intelligent than other animals because man is more____________. .8wF>
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A. adaptive B. reasonable C. instinctive D. sophisticated b >' c
69. What do we usually think of our normal behavior? 31p7oRzr
A. It is controlled by powerful thoughts. w(Q{;RNM;
B. It is beyond the study of psychology. )0=H)k0
C. It doesn't need to be explained. EIOP+9zP
D. It doesn't seem to be natural sometimes. jTqE V
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70. According to the author, which of the following is most likely studied nowadays by psychologists? 6dRvx;d
A. Why do we smile when pleased? ^>z+e"PQA
B. Why do we love our children? NFf?~I&mfu
C. How do we appreciates beautiful? 6)~7Uf:<v
D. How do we reason and process information? d 0:;IUG
71. The author thinks that psychology is to____________. 8(H!iKHe
A. take the normal behavior for granted ayLINpL
B. make the natural seem strange JE;!~=
C. study abnormal competences WT1d'@
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D. make easy things difficult mC'<Ov<eJ
72. The author stresses that our natural abilities are____________. t
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A. not replaced by resoning W}WDj:
B. the same as other animals's &p55Cg@e)
C. not as complex as we think (^~~&/U_U$
D. worth studying
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Passage4 F 2Mxcs* M
In her 26 years of teaching English, Shannon McCuire has seen countless misplaced commas, misspelled words and sentence fragments. X/ /=OpS`
But the instructor at US's Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge said her job is getting harder every day. Wyb+ K)Tg
“I kid you not, the number of errors that I've seen in the past few years have multiplied five times,”she said. -s 7a\H{~
Experts say e-mail and instant messaging are at least partly to blame for an increasing indifference toward the rules of grammar, spelling and sentence structure.
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They say the problem is most noticeable in college students and recently graduates. "?'9\ <>
“They used to at least feel guilty (about mistakes),”said Naomi Baron, professor of linguistics at American University in Washington, D. C.“They didn't necessarily write a little better, but at least they felt guilty.” -E.fo._L5
Ironically, Baron's latest book,“Alphabet to Email: How Written English Evolved and Where It's Heading,”became a victim of sloppy proofreading. The book's title is capitalized differently on the cover, spine and title page.“People used to lose their jobs over this,”she said. “And now they just say ‘whatever.’” (b7',:_U7
“Whatever”describes Jeanette Henderson's attitude toward writing. The sophomore at the University of Louisiana at Monroe admits that her reliance on spellcheck has hurt her grades in English class. “Computer has spoiled us,”she said. <4
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But the family and consumer sciences major believes her future bosses won't mind the mistakes as much as her professor does. “They're not going to check semicolons, commas and stuff like that,” Hen derson said. xr31< 4B
LSU's McGuire said she teaches her students to use disftinct writing styles that fit their purpose. R'^J#" [
She emphasizes that there's the mformal language of an e-mail to a friend, but there's also the well thoght out and structured academic or professional style of writing. |Pv)&'B"
It's not just e-mail and instant messaging that are contributing to slack writing habits. "XU)(<p
Society as whole is becoming more informal. Casual wear at work used to be reserved for Friday, for example, but is now commonplace at most offices. There's also a greater emphasis on youth culture, and youth tend to use instant messaging more than adulte do. <_SdW 5BF<
English language has been neglected at different points in history but always rebounds. During Shakespearen times, for example, spelling wasn't considered important, and early publishers rarely proofread. yB4
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There will likely be a social force that recognizes the need for clear writing and swings the pendulum back. Y"TrF(C
73. According to Shannon McGuire, what is making her job harder than before? a._>?rVy
A. More and more students ask her to teach how to write instant messages. 3s#/d,+
B. More and more structural errors are seen in her student's writings. m1RjD$fM
C. Students are becoming increasingly indifferent to learning English. oW6b3Q / B
D. Parents are more demanding as to the teaching content of the school. 8k^1:gt^
74. We can infer from the passage that college students____________. 6|1*gl1_LD
A. are the victims of the deteriorating education 5
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B. mostly have very had handwriting C-&s$5MzGb
C. don't think they're writing bad English pV$A?b"?*
D. are ashamed of their poor writing skills "7w=LhzV[$
75. What happened to Baron's latest book? [f]:h Ji
A. It was poorly edited. 88l{M[B2
B. It failed to come out. .+5;AtN
C. It was renamed“Whatever”. R
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D. It caused her to lose her job. :DF tH13qO
76. What does Jeanette Henderson mainly study at the university? ,E2c 9V'
A. Computer Science it->)?"(6
B. Linguistics
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C. Editing and Publishing |w yua@2
D. Family and Consumer Sciences pJ/{X=y
77. According to the passage, sloppy writing____________. 1/ A|$
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A. parallels a social tendency of being informal xiF}{25 a
B. worries students as well as professors s^/2sjoL
C. is taken as trivial by employers }'h\; 8y
D. is ignored in all business concerned sciences Us3zvpy)o
78.The word“distinct”（in boldface）in the context means____________. Zk5AZ R!|
A. clear B. different C. elegant D. appropriate M[L@ej
79. Which is NOT mentioned as a cause of American students' casual writing? F`.W 9
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A. Emailing B. Slack teaching C. Elegant D. Appropriate jgBJs^JgYG
80. How does the author feel about the future of the English language? a4",BDx
A. Confident B. Gloomy C. Worried D. Uncertain wYh ]3
Passage5 DO~ ~
Darkness approached and a cold, angry wind gnawed at the tent like a mad dog. Camped above treeline in the Wind River Mountains of Wyoming, the torrents of air were not unexpected and only a minor disturbance compared to the bestial gnawing going on behind my belly button. In an attempt to limit exposure of my bare bottom to the ice-toothed storm, I had pre-dug a half dozen catholes within dashing distance. Over and over, through the long night, the same scenario was repeated: out of the bay, out of the tent, rush squat, rush back.“Everyone can master a grief,”wrote Shakespeare,“but he that has it.” '<AE%i,
Diarrhea, the modern word, resembles the old Greek expression for“a flowing through.”Ancient Egyptian doctors left descriptions of the suffering of Pharaohs scratched on papyrus even before Hippocrates, the old Greek, gave it a name few people can spell correctly. An equal opportunity affliction, diarrhea has laid low kings and common men, women, and children for at least as long as historians have recorded such fascinating trivia. It wiped out, almost, more soldiers in America's Civil War that guns and sword. In the developing world today, acute diarrhea strikes more than one billion humans every year, and leaves more than five million dead, usually the very young. Diarrhea remains one of the two most common nedical complaints of humanity. fF. +{-.
“Frequent passage of unformed watery bowel movements,”as described by Taver's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, diarrhea falls into two broad types:invasive and non-invasive. From bacterial sources, invasive diarrhea, sometimes called“dysentery,”attacks the lower intestinal wall causing inflammation, abscesses, and ulcers that may lead to mucus and blood(often“black blood”from the action of digestive juices) in the stools, high fever,“stomach”crams from the depths of hell, and significant amounts of body fluid rushing from the patient's nether region. Serious debilitation, even death, can occur from the resulting dehydration and from the spread of the bacteria to other parts of the body. Non-invasive diarrheas grow from colonies of microscpic evil-doers that set up housekeeping on, but do not invade, intestinal walls. Toxins released by the colonies cause cramps, nausea, vomiting, and massive gushes of fluid from the patient's lower intestinal tract. Non-invasive diarrhea carries a high risk for dehydration. GQ*o r>R1
81.In Paragraph 1, the author uses the quoted word“grief”from Shakespeare to refer to____________. R_#k^ P^
A. the terrible weather 9<5ii
B. the stern army life ZC)m&V 1
C. the suffering from diarrhea 35YDP|XZb
D. the tough wartime cd4H bSp
82. According to the description in Paragraph 1, which of the following did the author NOT do at that time? _ + >V(,{G
A. withstanding the coldness LqS_%6^
B. Camping in the mountains i$H9~tPs
C. Getting up repeatedly at night && WEBQ
D. Reading Shakespeare in bed +SkfT 4*U
83. Who first gave the disease the name“diarrhea”? .<6 '*X R
A. Ancient Egyptians v5*JBW+c*
B. An old Greek I1JF2 " {c
C. American soldiers !Za yN
D. The passage doesn't tell >&Vz/0
84. According to Paragraph 2____________. _] us1
A. People of higher status are less likely to be stricken with diarrhea Lo}zT-F
B. diarrhea is no longer a serious disease in the modern world _: !7M ^IU
C. diarrhea has been a threat to humanity throughout history ~FnY'F<35
D. the elderly are more likely attacked by diarrhea than the young }zrapL"9X
85. The invasive diarrhea and the non-invasive diarrhea are different in that____________. {Bb:\N 8X
A. the former attacks the intestine walls but the latter does not ^[b DE0
B. the former causes dehydration but the latter does not (.kz J\x
C. the former makes the patient physically weaker than the latter &,$N|$yK}|
D. the former is more dangerous than the latter )
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PART Ⅴ TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 10 points) -6#
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Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your pieces of Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet Ⅱ. K8h\T 4
The aim of education or culture is merely the development of good taste in knowledge and good form in conduct. The cultured man or the ideal educated man is not necessarily one who is well-read or learned, but one who likes and dislikes the right things. To know what to love and what to hate is to have taste in knowledge. 1 I have met such persons, and found that there was no topic that might come up in the course of the conversation concerning which they did not have some facts or figures to produce, but whose points of vies were appalling. Such persons have erudition (the quality of being knowledgeable), but no discernment; or taste, Erudition is a mere matter of stuffing fact or information, while taste or discernment is a matter of artistic judgment. 2. In speaking of a scholar, the Chinese generally distinguish between a man's scholarship, conduct, and taste or discernment. This is particularly so with regard to historians; a book of history may be written with the most thorough scholarship, yet be totally lacking in insight or discernment, and in the judgment or interpretaion of persons and events in history, the author may show no originality or depth of understanding. Such a person, we say, has no taste in knowledge. To be well-informed, or to accumulate facts an details, is the easiest of all things. 3. There are many facts in a given historical period that can be easily stuffed into our mind, but discernment in the selection of significant facts is a vastly more difficult thing and depends upon one's point of view. i ~rb-~o
An educated man, therefor, is one who has the right loves and hatreds. This we call taste, and with taste comes charm. 4. Now to have taste or discernment requires a capacity for thinking things through to the bottom, an independence of judgment, and an unwillingness to be knocked down by any form fo fraud, social, political, literary, artistic, or academic. There is no doubt that we are surrounded in our adult life with a wealth of fraude: fame frauds, wealth frauds, patriotic frauds, political frauds, religious frauds and fraud poets, fraud artists, fraud dictators and frauds psychologists. When a psychoanalyst tells us that the performing of the functions of the bowels during childhood has a definite connection or that constipation leads to stinginess of character, all that a man with taste can do is to feel amused. 5. When a man is wrong, he is wrong, and there is no need for one to be impressed and overawed by a great name or by the number of books that he has reas and we haven't. +(h{ 3Y |
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PART Ⅵ WRITING (40minutes, 15 points ) ]aYuBoj
Directions: Write an essay of no less than 200 wors on the topic given below. Use the proper space on your Answer Sheet Ⅱ [x
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Some people think that material wealth is a sign of success in China today. Do you agree or disagree? State your opinion and give good reasons.
