浙江工商大学2004年招收博士学位研究生入学考试

《英语》试卷（A）
考试须知 1）本考卷共包括五大项，共9页。考试时间为180分钟，满分100分。
2）试卷中的客观题用钢笔或圈珠笔将答案在各题前标出。
3）试卷中的客观题用钢笔或圆珠笔写在每题后的空白处，字迹需清晰端正。
I. Vocabulary and Structure (10%):
Directions: Below each sentence, there are four words marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentence or that best completes the sentence.
1 The bridge was named ______ the hero how gave his life for the cause of the people.
A) after B) with
C) by D) from
2 There were no tickets _______ for Friday's performance.
A) preferable B) considerable
C) possible D) available
3 If these shoes are too big, ask the clerk to bring you a smaller _________.
A) suit B) set
C) one D) pair
4 Many new ______ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.
A) opportunities B) necessities
C) realities D) probabilities
5 The rain was heavy and _______ the land was flooded.
A) consequently B) continuously
C) constantly D) consistently
6 The engine ______ smoke and steam.
A) gives up B) gives in
C) gives away D) gives off
7 Don't ________ this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead.
A) release B) relieve
C) relate D) retain
8 What you have done is ______ the doctor's orders.
A) attached to B) responsible to
C) resistant to D) contrary to
9 They _____ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A) carried out B) carried of
C) carried on D) carried forward
10 My camera can be _____ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.
A) treated B) adjusted
C) adopted D) remedied
11 Children who are over-protected by their parents may become_____
A) hurt B) damaged
C) spoiled D) harmed
12 When Mr. Jones gets old, he will______ over his business to his son.
A) take B) hand
C) think D) get
13 It was difficult to guess what her ______ to the news would be.
A) impression B) reaction
C) comment D) opinion
14 There were some ______ flowers on the table
A) artificial B) unnatural
C) false D) unreal
15 We are interested in the weather because it ______us to directly - what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.
A) benefits B) affects
C) guides D) effects
16 Will all those _______ the proposal raise their hands?
A) in relation to B) in contrast to
C) in excess of D) in favor of
17 Children are very curious ______.
A) at heart B) in person
C) on purpose D) by nature
18 I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _______ when judging my examination.
A) regard B) counting
C) account D) observation
19 Important people don't often have much free time as their work ________ all their time.
A) takes away B) takes over
C) takes up D) takes in
20 When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ______ it.
A) got off B) got across
C) got away D) got over
II. Reading Comprehension (15%) :
Directions: Read the following three passages carefully, choose the best answer to each question from the four choices given.
Passage A
With each announcement of a spectacular breakthrough in cardiac surgery, such as transplantation of the human heart, the attitude of the public progresses through the astonishment, disbelief, deep moral concern, outright objection, confusion, and finally a qualified acceptance. Inevitably the risks and complications later become public knowledge, and public misgivings are intensified.
The electrifying news of the first human heart transplant on December 3, 1967, quite understandably caught the civilized world unprepared --- not just scientifically, but also philosophically and psychologically. By what criteria was the donor selected? Is there in every instance a “moment “ of death, or does it occur as a process or series of events? Such fundamental considerations had been of universal concern for centuries, particularly to those in the medical and legal professions. But the unexpected advent of heart transplantation placed a new agency on the problem of defining death.
The traditional definition stated that death occurred when the heart ceased to beat. But questions arose in situations where the body and organs remained viable although the brain was destroyed, sometimes even by decapitation. If the heart continued to function, was the physician obliged to support the remains until all signs of viability ceased? Gradually the concept of patient death as synonymous with brain death rather than organ death gained acceptance.
1. A good title for this selection would be_____________________.
A. How to Select a Transplant Donor
B. The Ethical Questions in Heart Transplants
C. Death Is Difficult to Define
D. The Story of the First Human Heart Transplant
2.The word “electrifying” in the second paragraph of the passage can best be replaced by______.
A. extraordinary
B. exciting
C. powerful
D. conflicting
3. The selection suggests that________________.
A. decapitation results in immediate heart death
B. when the brain dies all organs die
C. patient death occurs when the heart stops beating
D. patient death is not easy to define
4. In heart transplant surgery, it is necessary to have a definition of death because_____________.
A. the donor must know when the recipient is dead
B. the doctor must know when he may remove the donor’s heart
C. the doctor may not have learned this in medical school
D. questions always arise during surgery
5. The author states that we have come to regard a patient as dead when_______________.
A. his reflexes no longer function
B. he has stopped breathing
C. his brain no longer functions
D. his heart no longer functions
Passage B
I was not all happy at the prospect of the 700-mile drive from Dar-es-Salaam to Nairobi. It was not that I disliked driving but I suspected that what is a very pleasant trip in the dry season could prove disastrous during the long rains, and the monsoons had arrived the previous week. I was fully aware of the possibility of a breakdown, of hitting large animals as they stopped, dazzled by my headlamps, or even of skidding off the road. But these dangers worried me much less than the thought of stretches of black cotton soil I would have to negotiate, grey and hard as concrete when dry, but a black, viscous, muddy mess with the consistency of elastic after just one heavy shower of rain. However, I had to be in Nairobi by the weekend so there was nothing for it but to drive; all planes were fully booked three weeks ahead and with the railway line washed out there was little likelihood of a train in the next few days.
The first half of the journey proved completely uneventful, and I was in a very cheerful frame of mind as I pulled in to Moshi in the misty dawn. A little later, buoyed up by an excellent breakfast and the thought of tarmac roads all the way to the border, I resumed my journey. Another 80 miles brought a complete reversal of mood; I was now within 20 miles of the border and what I saw ahead matched my spirits. Gone were the hills, completely hidden by the lowering clouds, their ominous, gloomy depths rent by jagged flashes of lightning.
Ten minutes later the rain struck --- an almost solid wall of water that smashed down on the car in a noisy frenzy, sheeted down the windscreen and made it almost impossible for me to see where I was going. The windscreen wipers did little to help; they were not designed to cope with such an avalanche of water. But rain of such intensity could not last long, and by the time I reached the border check-point the rain had ceased off to proportions I felt I could cope with.
The check-point consisted of two poles resting on tar barrels with the half-completed structure of a modern control post in between. In six months or so, everything would be complete as far as I could see. In the meantime, the officials I needed to stamp my passport and check my luggage could only be in the bedraggled tent I noticed perched on a slope over to my left. I took off my shoes and socks, climbed out of my car and dashed over to the tent. In the tent was an impeccably dressed immigration official sitting on a chair with his feet tucked under him while a river of water flowed in under one wall of the tent and out under another. These were hardly ideal working conditions. Yet nobody would have thought that, as he saw me, he could grin cheerfully and extend a very courteous welcome.
6. To the writer, the greatest hazard on the journey was the possibility of _________________.
A. his car breaking down
B. hitting large animals
C. skidding off the road
D. having to drive through black cotton soil
7. The writer was happy when he reached Moshi because___________________.
A. he had had no trouble so far
B. dawn was breaking and it would be easier to drive in daylight
C. he was hungry and could have breakfast in Moshi
D. the roads leading to the border
8. Near the border the writer could not see the hills because______________________.
A. there were not any hills there
B. the clouds had covered them
C. it was getting darker and darker
D. the rain was streaming down the windscreen of his car
9. According to the passage the check-point ______________________.
A. was incomplete
B. was a modern control post
C. was made of tar barrels
D. was in ideal working conditions
10. It can be inferred that the writer might be _____ when the immigration official grinned cheerfully to him.
A. puzzled
B. surprised
C. indifferent
D. happy
Passage C
Hawaii’s native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelago’s political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the second world war, and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea.
The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii’s native people have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 per cent of the state’s homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.
But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii’s first native governor, John Waihee, has given the native’s cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.
However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the state --- as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs ( OHA ), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives’ interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.
But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 per cent Hawaiian blood.
Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA US $ 136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.
11. Hawaii’s native minority refers to_________________.
A. Hawaii’s ethnic groups
B. people of Filipino origin
C. the Ka Lahui group
D. people with 50% Hawaiian blood
12. Which of the following statements is true of the Hawaiian natives?
A. Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.
B. Their life span is five years shorter than average Americans.
C. Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.
D. They are the only native group without sovereignty.
13. Which of the following is not true of John Waihee?
A. He is Hawaii’s first native governor.
B. He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.
C. He suggested the native people decide for themselves.
D. He is leading the local independence movement.
14. Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty?
A. American Indian natives.
B. Office of Hawaiian Affairs.
C. The Ka Lahui group.
D. The Hawaiian natives.
15. Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT_________________.
A. a greater autonomy within the state
B. more back rent on the crown land
C. a claim on the Hawaiian crown land
D. full independence from the US
III. Translate the following passages into Chinese (40%)：
1.Growing old is not exactly pleasant for people in youth-oriented American culture. Most Americans like to look young, act young and feel young. As the old saying goes, ”You’re as young as you feel.” Old people joke about how many years young they are, rather than how many years old . People in some countries value the aged as a source of experience and wisdom. But Americans seem to favor those that are young, or at least “young at heart”.
2. To make the most of our brains, then, we need to increase the communication between the two hemispheres and get them working together. One way of doing this in language learning is to read faster. Slow reading only encourages word for word translation and analysis, a left hemisphere process， which slows down reading and makes comprehension difficult. Faster reading allows information to be processed visually--- a right hemisphere function which is many times faster. The information is also perceived as a whole.
3. Ian Wilmut maintains that cloning animals has tremendous potential for helping people. Cloning sheep, he says, could be used as living drug factories. Scientists could “engineer” sheep that produce drugs in their milk. And by altering the proteins on the surfaces of animal organs to make them more like human organs, scientists believe they be able create a plentiful source of organ donors for people.
4. No new international effort has been made to overcome the worst of poverty and underdevelopment. Economic marginalization has been allowed to continue and the inequalities of the 20th century have deepened. Continued malnutrition and poor health care have left child death rates at relatively high levels for large numbers of people. Little has been done to achieve equality between the sexes. More than 100 million primary school age children, two thirds of them girls, are not in school.
IV. Translate the Following into English (15%):
试论在线语言学习的真实性
摘要：本文对在线语言学习的三个组成部分进行了分析：以计算机为媒体的交流、真实材料的演示和在线互动活动，论证了其虚拟环境下所蕴涵的真实性以及它对于外语教学的实际意义，纠正了人们对虚拟学习环境的一些误解和偏见，为在线语言教学的正常和快速发展提供了理论依据。（参考词汇：online language learning; virtual environment; authentic language learning）
V. Writing (20%):
Directions: In this part, you are to write a composition with My Experience of Learning English as its title. Your composition should contain the three key points given below with a length of over 200 words, please remember to write clearly.
1. My history in learning English
2. The happiness and hardships I have got from learning English
3. Why English is so important to me

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