这个对博士考试有帮助。 u
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考博英语写作绝招:各部分万能套用公式 C)`/Q( ^
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一、开头万能公式: &_ber ad
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1. 开头万能公式一:名人名言 {aU~[5L3(
有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”,很好办:编! `":< ]lj
原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定 p<
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要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? zg]9~i8
经典句型: ?(F~
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A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言) B<i1UJ5
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. WFTTBUoH
(适用于自编名言) 5'@}8W3b
更多经典句型: M^H357r%
As everyone knows, No one can deny that… j
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2. 开头万能公式二:数字统计 th !Gc
原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。 &}6=V+J;
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无 I6\l6 o
妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型: l]GLkE
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college fy7]I?vm@
students wanted to further their study after their graduation. ZM0vB% M|
看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造: a&9+<
Honesty =ayl~"bW
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 g+U6E6}1
Travel by Bike G3m+E
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根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 h
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Youth 1InG%=jLo
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 =#^\9|?$
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? W
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根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 x+47CDDu3
更多句型: ~Cm_=[
A recent statistics shows that … F{ v >
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结尾万能公式: [<rV
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1. 结尾万能公式一:如此结论 ?t46TV'G
说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而 )T&ZiHIJ3
言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有 Ia
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一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子: #-W
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Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good ?$J#jhR?
manners arise from politeness and respect for others. #%5[8~&
如果读者很难“显而见之”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! h6`v%7H?
更多过渡短语: Nz1u:D]
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus SI\
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更多句型: *5m4j=-
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… ~T">)Y~+xI
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2. 结尾万能公式二:如此建议
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如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这 "!,)Pv
里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽! I' [gGK4F
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve [+;>u|
the problem.
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这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官 <!;NJLe`
会怎么想呢? ;V v.$mI
更多句型: tqk^)c4FF(
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. vb.}SG>
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be c'md)nD2M
taken. d
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写作的“七项基本原则”:一、 长 短 句原则 $&Lw 2 c0
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工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画 [[s^rC<d
龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: T|k_$LH
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is U2G[uDa;
to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to k|4}Do%;
satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite 0g'MFS
similar. w5<&b1:
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如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记! +k;][VC[O
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句
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解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生 IE:;`e:\D
辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。 sW]>#e
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二、 主题句原则 OE/r0C<&
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些 v8U&{pD,
破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定 &8HJ4Vj2
要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! }xJ!0<Bs
特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! Z{^Pnit
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully II]-mb
prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, .efbORp
you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly. Um!LF"Z
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三、 一 二 三原则 uoq|l
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… zP>=K
如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的 TBmmC}PEd
文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要 {!*dk
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点前就清楚了。 !DBaC%TGC
1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗) LHMA-0$ ?)
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) $r1{Nh
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗) Q"k #eEA
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, mW)C=X%
lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) [Qn=y/._r
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) DI\^&F)3T2
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) }LwKi-G?
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) 2{01i)2 y
8)most important of all, moreover, finally \tfhF#'
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) LIh71Vg/cc
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) ^,#MfF6
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、 短语优先原则 SJO^.[
写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果 ]g]~!":
老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发 G3D!ifho.#
现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎 +ooQ-Gh
么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: yb-/_{Y
I cannot bear it. oN[#C>#(
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. ?>iZ){0,
I want it. 8]&lUMaqVZ
可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. Ip*[H#h
这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、 多实少虚原则 Cgn@@
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原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少 Y#fiJ
用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说 PF]Vt
nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, .KxE>lJbqM
humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital }>m3V2>[
之类的形象词。再比如: C<hb{$@
走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room (=w ff5U
但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room 5YgUk[J
*****走出房间应该说:sail out of the room 5U.,iQ(d
小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room &>z}u&oF
老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room J!*
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所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩! Ge4tc
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六、 多变句式原则 -O>*`
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1)加法(串联) 'W|@d8}h
都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这 eE[/#5tK
些,可以在任何句子之间加and, TkV$h(#!f&
但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: bHH=MLZR:
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. ^1NtvQe@Y\
如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: _Rnq
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Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. ?u8vK<2h
其它的短语可以用: -}r(75C
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover sTGe=}T8
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2)转折(拐弯抹角) @DYkWivLu
批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方 "rIBy
式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来 5s2334G
点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 7c Gq.U
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. Gg9NG`e6I
The coat was thin, but it was warm. WS)u{
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更多的短语: CmPix]YMQ
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, 5-pz/%,
despite, notwithstanding >}ozEX6c2
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3)因果(so, so, so) o$r]Z1
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我 k6 f;A
们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词 N:@C%
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就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! kM\O2ay
The snow began to fall, so we went home. ;{inhiySN
更多短语: S
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then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a S,,3h0$X
result, for this reason, so that B$ )6X
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4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) 9{bzxM
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真 ]4>[y?k34
的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你 Mr(~
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的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 e+F5FAMR68
举例:This is what I can do. f. =4p^
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. y6o^ Knl
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分: Ga%]$4u
When to go, Why he goes away… $E4W{ad2jW
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5)附加(多此一举) [,a O*7N
如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他; 8P!dk5,,O
或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者 8Db~OYVJG
是插入语。 WJU`
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The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. ,\DB8v6l\A
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. N)h>Ie
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. *ma/_rjK
其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键 k&DHQvfB
词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom vd /_`l.D
or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 z>i
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6)排比(排山倒海句) 1qUdj[Bj
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一 "`"j2{9|e!
个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会 "\BP+AF
使文章有排山倒海之势! ".xai.trr
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated %1VMwqC]E
or simple, there is plenty in London for you. 7Nwi\#o
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such ~~zw[#'
as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean d=qpT
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tides. kFM'?L&
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, qW7"qw=
to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) p!aeL}g`
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、 挑战极限原则 yekIw
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀! sjTsaM;<
原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看 Xe+&/J5b
看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: }7=a,1T
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb j|`{
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the Western Hills.
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Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about Y[~6f,?^
three times that of China. 50DPzn
如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! D
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文章主体段落三大杀手锏: [V)sCAW
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一、举实例 ImV54h'
思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个 9uS7G *
观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! |Lhz^5/
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted 4[J3HLQ
every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as L|q<Bpz
sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. tt^ze|*&t
For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will `C*!de]Y%
ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the Vw{Ys6q
seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. 7@lXN8_f
更多句型: __ mtZ{
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, li%-9Jd
for example Mb>6.l
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二、做比较 q~^:S~q
方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; EORRSP,$2
世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点 FvJSJ.;E,
(through eYcx+BJ
comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: bY2Mw8e%
相似的比较: Yjl0Pz.q
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner ~d8>#v=Q`
相反的比较: 5i^vN"J
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, V^{!d}
nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, … lBn*G&(P
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三、换言之 :7ngVc
没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理 @
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解你的观点。 84!4Vz^
实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! AY;+Ws
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. m6x. "
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I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love
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with you. S1zw'!O5
或者上面我们举过的例子: .V3Dql@z"
I cannot bear it. .O#lab`:2
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. ee_\_"
因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with ]'h)7
it or I am fed up with it. M0
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更多短语: h<K;VpL6
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more B%@!\D#
simply