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兰州大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

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兰州大学 2007 年考博英语试题 )~V4+*<  
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注意:答案请一律写在答题纸上,写在试题上无效。 J|3E-p\o  
Part One Structure and Vocabulary (40%) #eN{!Niy&U  
Directions: In this part there are two sections In Section One, you are to choose fGv#s X  
from the four choices under each sentence the one which is similar in meaning to the 9 C{ ;h  
underlined part of the sentence. And in Section Two, you are to choose the one that !6G?zipB  
can beat complete the sentence in question. "/]| Hhc{  
Section I kSc{^-<R  
1. An important function of early stone took was to extract highly nutritious food a,Gxm!  
from large animal carcasses yIb,,!y9{  
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A. destroy 5/QRL\  
WU4UZpz  
B. identify  C. remove ~Z ~v  
E(Rh#+]Y5  
D. compare pr,p=4m{\  
nJ?^?M'F%  
2 Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and UwY-7Mmo  
highways as well as with urban affairs H +bdsk  
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A. outlandish `Y40w#?uW  
I =Wc&1g  
B. remote Zc"B0_&?:7  
I NSkgOo  
C exempted D. exclusive L?Yoh<  
3E^M?N2oc  
3. Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass- or (x;g/!:  
soap-making cither would do. `A/j1UWJ  
]+DI.%   
A. advantageous B. convenient *pzq.#  
K:y^OAZfV  
C. identifiable 3}1ssU"T  
rAQF9O[  
D. equivalent V+wH?H=  
:Zw @yt  
4. With the dawn of space exploration, the notion that atmospheric conditions on  1;eX&  
Earth may be unique in the system was strengthened V_U'P>_I  
|4Ck;gg!j  
A. continuation Lb=W;9;  
m:Go-tk  
B. beginning C. expansion  D. outcome ]"fsW 9s  
PHM:W%g:  
5. When the glaciers thawed after the last ice age% the five Great Lakes of North g+zJ?  
America were formed 0>6DSQq~t(  
Y^ve:Z  
A. melted |E/L.gdP7  
farDaS[\VY  
B. advanced +zOOdSFk.  
U Lmg$T&  
C evaporated 6a}r( yP  
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D. exploded )+O r  
('o &Q_  
6. New York is a shopper's paradise whether one wants to spend large sums of fJ80tt?r  
money in elegant department stores or rifle though goods displayed on street p_terD:  
barrows CVKnTEs  
K!8zwb= fq  
A. a fortune B. a dime CUmH,`hu  
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C. much -]"T^w ib  
s^|\9%WD  
D. quite lot D,W\ gP/h%  
)@ PnTpL*  
7. During the rainy season the Mississippi River may carry away hundreds of acres F$6? t.@J  
of valuable topsoil from one area and arbitrarily deposit it in another. *=nO  
$Lq:=7&LRn  
A. lawfully 6&!l'[hU  
ua& @GXvZ  
B. subsequently Jh2Wr!5  
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C. randomly (:}<xxl  
?V+wjw  
D. mercilessly  nP_=GI  
6VR18Y!y  
8. Over six million citizens of the United States collect benefits from private pension d^aNR Lv  
plans each year. m "]!I~jd  
A. nongovernmental   B. unauthorized iSd?N}2,I  
xii$e  
C. confidential FGVb@=TO>  
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D. nontransferable Jr ?!Mh-  
Y +qus  
9. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the overwhelming majority are s`Vf+ l0  
Dormant qBiyGlu4  
zlMlMyG4  
A. uncharted C9Wojo.  
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B. unpredictable PN9^[X  
V85.DK!  
C. minor C 38XQLC  
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D. inactive l'2H 4W_+  
GiqBzV3"  
10. The lymphatic system includes a network of tiny capillaries that lie adjacent to 0%;M VMH  
the fine blood vessels. #XL`S  
TMtI^mkB:  
A. independent of B. near i0i`k^bA  
!3?~#e{_  
C. obscured by *s36O F!  
S ]b xQa+  
D. within u!u5g.Q  
:'ihE\j  
11. One of California's most acute problems is an inadequate water supply. w?/f Zx  
e9}8RHy1$  
A. critical 2i"HqAB  
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B. unusual Fi/jR0]e2  
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C. persistent TL]bY'%  
,=x RoXYB}  
D. unexpected <\Vi,,  
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12. It is estimated that at one time there existed from one to two thousand American >0 7shNX  
Indian languages and at least as many cultures, each different in some respect from }oV3EIH  
all the others. <(Tiazg  
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A. prospect Jtext%"eNg  
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B. stages u9 %;{:]h  
# UjEY9"M  
C. aspect +fPNen4E  
.$UTH@;7  
D. activity x}_rnf_  
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13. The eardrum, a taut membrane located at the end of the ear canal, separates the \I:UC %  
outer ear from the inner ear. CJ0$;et  
/#@LRN<oCq  
A lightly tinted }WA<=9e  
ys/`{:w8p  
B. tightly stretched C. somewhat opaque D. delicately made 2V 4`s'  
%C6|-?TAd  
14. It was commonly felt that the purchase of Alaska by the United State in 1867 )_X;9%L7  
was foolish. bGhhh/n  
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A. requiring gv`%Z8u(  
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B. sending C. buying  D. applying  fF\*v  
\a\^(`3a[  
15. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that l kI8 {  
prevail in the forests. 5dbX%e_OP  
A dominate   B. rebuild C. invade  D. tend PY[S z=[  
16. In frogs and toads,the tongue is fixed to the front of the mouth in order to B 9%yd*SJ  
facilitate projecting it at some distance, greatly in aiding in capture of insects. niXHK$@5  
Bk\*0B  
A proscribing B. protruding "(9=h@@Y"  
S~] 8K8"sT  
C. provoking }w;Q^EU  
Uh<H*o6e 9  
D. protracting MBnK&GS  
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17. Stare twinkle as a result of the turbulent stale of the air through which their light }Z~pfm_S  
passes. I8E\'`:<  
m BYS"[S(  
A. in addition to B. in spite of   C. because of @h,h=X  
)Mm;9UA  
D. with regard to r4]hS`X~%  
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18. Most meat-eating animals use their teeth to seize and kill prey. RPa?Nv?e  
[| c@ Yw  
A. attacker EhmUX@k],  
+35)=Uov  
B. nourishment   C. enemies N|j;=y!  
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D. victims 8AC. 2 v?_  
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19. It is ridiculous to become angry about such an insignificant matter, ebl)6C  
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A. absurd !#_h2a  
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B. nourishment C. tragic D. unpardonable ~%8Q75tn.  
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20. How many people are aware that a dancer with New York City Ballet typically S1x.pLHj8  
wears out a minimum of two hundred pairs of toe shoes per year? X+'^ Sp  
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A. only Npf7p  
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B. at least C. exactly 6S&=OK^  
f>"!-3  
D. fewer than jmk*z(}#:  
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Section II (20%) SCt=OdP=  
21. Not until the eighteenth century _____the complex chemistry of metallurgy. F`ZIc7(.{  
A. when scientists began to appreciate P!4{#'_}  
B. did scientists begin to appreciate ;o w~vO,x  
C. scientists who were beginning to appreciate %t5BB$y  
D. the appreciation of scientists began 4 HJZ^bq9|  
22. Pewte, ____ for eating and drinking utensils in colonial America, is about 5s h u76  
ninety percent tin with copper or bismuth added for hardness. _WjETyh [H  
*3etxnQc  
A. widely used it k,*#I<($  
C. which widely used *|,ykb>  
/ Vm}+"BCS  
B. was widely used % Dr4~7=7a  
D. widely used :C:N]6_{SZ  
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23. Lyndon B. Johnson was the only United States President whose oath of office b]g&rwXYt  
____   by a woman, Judge Sarah Tilghman Hughes. YaJ{"'}  
E][{RTs  
A. was administered 4xpWO6Q  
C. was accomplished ^tKOxW# a  
D>7_P7]y  
B. being directed )Y,?r[4{  
D. of administration was _l{ 5 'm  
M}oFn}-T9a  
24. Protein digestion begins in the stomach _____ ends in the small intestine. >pH775I=  
gy,TT<1)  
A. when (~pEro]?+)  
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B. while ~j&:)a'^  
7" STS7_  
C. and `w=H'"Zv  
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D. because c.{&~  
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25. ___fee growth of manufacturing and other industries, the economy of the state of |^k1hX2?W  
Texas has remained heavily dependent on oil and gas. .SV3<)  
TX [%s@C  
A. As @oc%4~zl  
. f<VmUca  
B. Despite hCvLwZ?LF  
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C. Though Fx99"3`3  
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D. In case ;$L!`"jn  
ODvpMt:+  
26. Probably at about the same time speech, ____laughter originated too. "gikX/Co=  
A. increased B. brought about C. evolved D. resulted Qp{-!*  
27. The United States Capitol building in Washington D.C, is ____in a small park cTa D{!zm5  
surrounded by a number of impressive government buildings. s1\BjSzk  
$z,DcO.vz  
A. located Bpo68%dx89  
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B- secluded :aqskeT  
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C formed D. spotted LqsJHG  
w:zC/5x`  
28. In earlier times there were more sheep in the South of New Zealand than in the jh&vq=P H  
North; now, ____ to cross-bred flocks, the reverse is the case. &FF. Ddt{  
[=F |^KL  
A. in increase attention xy3%z  
*>$)#?t  
B. with increasing attention G5f57F  
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C. with attention increasing *+Q*&-$  
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D. in attention ",V5*1w  
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29. Researchers ____ that when people are mentally engaged biochemical changes M #&L@fg!  
occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively. Y mjS!H  
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A. have brought about (+ anTA=  
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B. had set up jUSr t)o03  
M F: Eu  
C have established D. had put up {~I_rlo n  
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30. Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enables us to get along with one G@!9)v]9  
another and ___ where we in society.   |raQ]b@t&  
]sAD5<;  
A. to determine }l!_m.#e  
fEv36xb2S  
B. determine !T . @  
S]/ +n>  
C. to the determination hO@3-SRa,k  
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D. by determining lIP<`6=4  
AB\4+ CLV  
31. If pollution continues to increase _____the present rate, formation of aerosols in \hN2w]e  
the atmosphere will cause the onset of an ice age in about fifty years time. @{lnfOESl  
5V bNWrw  
A. with r'\TS U5!  
Q*(o;\s  
B. in \"Iy <zG  
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C. by ]#n4A|&H  
q8>Q,F`BA  
D. at j]&{ @Y  
`oBzt |f5  
32. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with____ that there were 0{F.DDiNT  
fewer calories in every slice. 3IFU{0a`  
A. message B. the message C. messages D. information Lai"D[N  
33. Americans view business _____based on the ideal of competition than other 90}B*3x  
institutions in society. I#U44+c  
A. being as more firmly    B. as more firmly CI{x/ e^(  
C. as being more firmly    D. as is more firmly nT"z(\i.!J  
34. By 1872 the United States had 70 engineering colleges, ____astonishing jq{Ix  
expansion credited largely to the Morrill Act of 1862. H #_Z6J  
q =6 Y2Q  
A was =C|^C  
7ow1=%Q  
B. because ^h=kJR9  
t/|^N t@XT  
C. to which \ua.%|  
ty>O}9%  
D. an :cTi$n  
*OiHrI9y  
35. When used as food additives, antioxidants prevent fats and oils ____rancid when Xl;N= fc  
exposed to air, and thus extend their shelf life. v0=~PN~E  
Yo:&\a K[  
A. from becoming B. becoming 7| rT*-Ia  
. {I7sUQ  
C. to become   D. to becoming Sf9+TW  
K-ebAaiC  
36. Parents should realize that ‘‘example is better than ____” LKa_ofY  
EX_& wep@1  
A. statement A\`Uu&  
P}gh-5x  
B. lesson C. proverb D. precept RMXP)[  
J$0*K+m  
37. Arabian camels are usually about 7 feet high and generally sandy-colored, _EP}el  
_____sometimes they are white, various shades of brown or black. 2 E^P=jU`  
A but that    B. though  C. however   D. therefore ;XT$rtuX  
38. ____they sometimes swim alone, dolphins usually congregate in large groups, * 7C I q  
often numbering in the hundreds. Eq t61O$x  
#/T)9=m  
A. Even P+[R0QS  
Ne%X:h  
B. Why 4"{q|~&=:$  
-Db(  
C. Although "LYob}_z  
)jg3`I@  
D. Nevertheless XIU2l}g  
}U9e#>e x  
39. ___in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water. ZP1EO Z  
Mvux=Ws  
A Plants are widely spaced OA+W$  
*fE5Z;!}  
B. The wide spacing of plants qFay]V(O|  
D`u{U]  
C. The spacing of plants is wide Q,scjt[  
*Nv<,Br,F  
D. Plants to be spaced widely T+I|2HYqOj  
9vXrC_W9  
40. Faults in the Earth's crust are most evident in sedimentary formations, JWLQ9U X  
_____interrupt previously continuous layers. uJi|@{V  
,$*$w<  
A. by which .^/OL}/~<  
\5Hfe;ny-~  
B. which it W )\~T:Kn  
TtHqdK L  
C. where they D. thus it <MoWS9s!yb  
?]:3` ;h3  
Part Two Translation )H)HR`  
Section I (From English into Chinese) 5K,Y6I&$SJ  
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined `Dj-(~x  
sentences into Chinese. (20%) Nx~8]h1(  
(1) Drr . Claude Shannon of Bell Telephone Laboratories, and his colleague, E. F. }=NjFK_6  
Moore, once built a machine to play the game known as Hex, using an analog b*7OIN5h  
computer working on electrical voltages. It beat them about 70 per cent of the time. 8dP^zjPj  
“It frequently surprised its designers by selecting odd-looking moves which, on O3Yv ->#  
analysis, proved sound," Shannon comments. 4~D?F'o  
(2) Each of these mechanical game-players is said to “learn” because it is so @Kp2l<P  
programmed that it follows the Boolean algebra pattern, discovering by sad -r[l{ce  
experience that one thing or another doesn't work and profiting by mistake. One of |*Hw6 m  
Shannon's more fantastic triumphs is the magnetized ‘"mouse” which, when placed > a[)F  
in a complicated maze consisting of partitions, is supposed to find the one and the +[ !K  
only path to the “cheese.” On the first try the mouse will stumble aimlessly around =j6f/8   
running into one wall after another. Eventually,by repeated try and error, it will +g%kr~w=  
locate the cheese.   XB zcbS+  
If the mouse is given a second try, it will go straight to the cheese without (]1n!  
hitting a single blind alley. It will, do it from any part of the maze. (3) Moreover, if $o0o5 ^Z-  
its trainer changes the maze on it by relocating the partitions, the mouse blunders lo Oh }y+  
only where the terrain has become unfamiliar. It can recognize at once positions that # 2s$dI  
have not been changed. Eventually the mouse learns enough to forget all former `$7. (.#s  
arrangements and remember only the latest, successful ones. > T=($:n  
(4) The mouse itself does not think, but it is difficult to argue against the thinking %N04k8z  
done by the electromagnet and computer that drive the mouse. The device does have ^fa+3`>  
the ability to distinguish between right and wrong, and to revise its standards on the /^SIJS@^`>  
basis of its own experience. NJRk##Z  
Probably the clearest difference between man and machine is a quantitative one. 1YL6:5n  
The brain has roughly a million times as many parts as the best computer. On the q#$Al  
other hand, the difference may lie in a spiritual factor, embraced by religion. (5) At u1R_u9  
any rate, machine cannot exercise free will or originate anything — not ye t Whether it ],V_"\ATD  
ever will is still an open argument JHC 6l  
SectionII (From Chinese into English) BIqZg$  
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined R7pdwKD  
sentences into English. (20%) ?RNm8,M  
在中国的西北边陲,在新疆的天山南北,有一支拥有百万军垦战士,肩负“屯垦戍边”使 5[suwaJQ  
命的接师,——新疆生产建设兵团。 yhxen  
(6)这是世界上独一无二的兵团。兵团釆取军事建制,战士却不穿军装,从事生产建设                                     。 46OYOa  
(7)兵团成立 45 年来,百万军垦战士在沙漠边绘的荒原上栽种了几亿棵树,创建设了 172 {}RE;5n\['  
个、面积达数万亩的绿洲.在世界第二大沙漠塔克拉玛千沙漢和古尔班通古特沙漠的边缘, /%fBkA#n  
兵团创建了“人进沙退”的奇连,他们的存在,使中国辽阔的西北边陲, 铸起了一道绿色 Y">m g=B  
的“界碑”. /P { Zo  
(8)45 年前,驻新藏中国人民解放军 10 万零 5 千官兵就地转业,成立新疆军区生产建设 o}O"  
兵团。从 60 年代初开始,又有大批的军队复转官兵从内地调来,大批的知识 育年抅入兵 T%zCAfx m  
团,他们的到来壮大了兵团的臥伍,也为兵团注入了新的活力.现在第三代兵团也己经幵 sxc^n aK0  
始加入这个行列. $De14  
今天,我们在新疆生产建设兵团看到的是悠悠绿洲和一派丰收景象。在兵团里,每—个老 Av6=q=D  
战士都能讲述一段兵团人早期艰苦创业的历史. 0se0AcrW  
(9)“新疆占袓国版图的六分之一,我们绝不能让这里的国土是一片荒原!”这是 张仲 {EU?{ #  
翰将军在率部队进军新疆准备屯田时的讲话,也是十几万解放军官兵进入新疆时的蜇言。 '9d<vW g  
兵团官兵节衣缩食,艰苦奋斗,用节约下来的钱购买家具,在戈壁荒原上开辟出了 — nwSujD  
个个绿洲:使历史上被称为“死亡之海”的塔里木盆地的边缘,变成了稻谷跃香鱼 满塘 nz_=]PHO&  
的“塞外江南”。 l}w9c`f  
不久前,一位世界银行的高级官员在参观了薪疆兵团生机勃勃的机械化农场后赞扬 : :?,ZA  
说:(10) “这是我所见到的最成功的农业开发,这是中国人的一个伟大创举,也是世界 [ =/Yo1:v  
的一个奇迹。” b~$B 0o)  
- QPM$  
Part Three Writing (20%) bzj9U>eY  
Directions: XL=Y~7b  
Title:THE EXAMINATION CHEATING <=O/_Iu (  
Time limit 50 minutes '?$N.lj$d  
Word Limit: 250 — 200 words GTYCNi66  
Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below. 0 $Ygt0d  
Your composition should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. /xS4>@hn  
OUTLINE: oY NIJXln  
1. The problem of cheating in schools and colleges /i !3Fr"  
2. Causes of examination cheating F R57F(31  
3. My comments %KjvV<f-a  
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