2003
M_/7D|xl/T part = 2 \* ROMAN II
OR~8sU 31.Sometimes you can get quite _____ when you are tryingto communicate with someone in English.
R{<kW9! A.frustrated B.depressed C.approved D.distracted
FKDk +ojw 32.The company has ____ itself to a policyof equal opportunity for all.
l rlgz[ A.promised B.committed C.attributed D.converted
,Z&x NBX 33.I haven’t met anyone ____ the new taxplan.
1 ySk;;3 A.in honor of B.in searchof C.in place of D.in favor of
L*xhGoC= 34.Salk won ____ as the scientist whodeveloped the world’s first effective vaccine against polio.
7)`nD<j 5 A.accomplishment B.qualification C.eminence D.patent
Lo{
E:5q 35.This software can be ____ to the needsof each customer.
ZxGJzakB5$ A.tailored B.administrated C.entailed D.accustomed
0l )~i' ' 36.The average commercial business can shut down in suchan emergemcy but a hospital doesn’t dare, for lives are____
!Xf5e*1IS A.in circulation B.underconsideration C.on hand D.at stake
Y!-M_v / 37.As we need plain, ____food for the body, so we must have seriousreading for the mind.
&Cr: 6W@ A A.wholesome B.diet C.tasteful D.edible
JjtNP)W e 38.He never gave much thought to theadditional kilorams he had ____ lately.
qe V fE_< A.shown up B.piled up C.put on D.taken on
YxYH2*q@ 39.The teacher tried hard to read ____handwriting in her students’s test papers.
;DqWh0 A.irregular B.illiterate C.illegible D.irrational
+~m46 eI 40.A coronary disease is the widely-usedterm____ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart.
Gw/Pk4R A.denoting B.donating C.relating D.resorting
ak$f"py
x 41.Humans are using up the world’s naturalriches at an
alarming rate.
T*Y~\~Jhu A.appalling B.appealing C.alert D.abnormal
a!6{:8Zi0 42.Dring water in many areas of thedeveloping world is
contaminated with bacteria.
##,a0s ^ A.purified B.multiplied
C.tainted D.blended
3 oF45`3FV 43.One of the most noticeable features ofU.S society is the
diversity of its people.
I667Gz$j5 A.liberty B.democracy C.vatiety D.origin
c6 9C 44.The
controversy about abortionhas been going on in the United States for mor than twenty years.
j/323Za+ A.resentment B.consensus C.notion D.dispute
6 a
(yp3 45.As human settlement advance ,the tropical forests are
retreating and becoming smaller every year.
DU0zez I9 A.retrieving B.sprawling C.consuming D.withdrawing
2J7 :\pR^ 46.The war’s impact on the population ofthe country was
catastrophic. (5$!MUS~9 A.influential B.dis
astrous C.apparent D.criticala
}"n Itcp.1 47.His physican told him that not to takemuch of the drug because it was very
potent. xK *b1CB A.bitter B.irritant C.effective D.powerful
lHN5Dr 48.Certain drugs can cause
transientside effects ,such as sleepiness.
t6bV?nc A.permanent B.residual C.irreversible D.fleeting
K[ I=6 49.Nervous illness may
stem from beingtreated inconsiderately in childhood.
g!g#]9j
A.complain B. give rise to C.originate in D.dominate over
~qiJR`Jj 50.Both a person’s heredity and hissurroundings help to
shape his chacter.
7Od
-I*bt A.form B.correct C.modify D.improve
fa E t6 Part = 3 \* ROMAN III Cloze(10%)
There were red faces at one of Britain’s biggest banks recently.They had accepted a telephone order to buy
＄100,000 worth of shares from a fifteen-old schoolboy (they thoughthe was twenty-one). The shares fell in value and the schoolboy was unable to
51 . The bank lost
＄20,000 on the
52 that itcannot get back because ,for one thing, this young speculator does not have themoney and , for another,
53 undereighteen, he is not legally liable forhis debts. If the shares had risen in value by the same amount that they fell,he would have pocketed
＄20,000
54 . Not bad for afifteen-yeat-old. It certainly is better than
55the morning newspaper. In another recent case, a boy of fourteen found , in hisgrandfather’s house , a suitcase full of foreign banknotes .The clean, crispbanknotes looked very
56 but they werenow not used in their country of origin or anywhere else. This young boy
57 straight to the nearest bank with his pocketsfilled with notes. The cashers did not realize that the country in
58 had reduced the value of its currincy by 90%,they exchanged the notes at their face value at the current exchange rate.Inthree days, before he was found out, he took
＄20,000 from nine different banks.
59,he had already spend more than half of this on taxi-rides, restraurant meal ,concert tickets and presents for his many new girlfriends( at least he wasgenerous! ) before the police caught up with him. Because he is also undereighteen the bank shave
60 a lot of money,and several cashiers have lost jobs. F&! 6jv 51.A.pay off B.pay up
C.pay for D.pay out
q }i]'7 52.A.principle B.criterion C.custom D.deal
D$w6V 53.A.to be B.having been C.being D.is
8 zZvht* 54.A.profit B.advantage C.benefit D.commission
b.2aHu( 3 55.A.sending B.transmitting C.delivering D.dispatching
MU`1LHg 56.A.convincing B.valuable C.unusual D.priceless
K^
vIUZ> 57.A.came B.pull C.headed D.pushed
ak7bJ~)X= 58.A.problem B.question C.talk D.saying
KoOz#,() 59.A.Interestingly B.Unfortunately C.Particularly D.Amazingly
?h$NAL? 60.A.kissed goodbye to B. got rid of C.lived up to D.made for
Y xr>"KH6a Part = 4 \* ROMAN IV(30%)
TJ10s%,V Passage 1
3atBX5 Ina society where all aspects of our lives are dictated by scientific advances intechnology, science is the essence of our existence.Without the vast advancesmade by chemists ,physicists, biologist , geologist, and other diligentscientists, our standards of living would decline, our flourishing., wealthynation might come to an economic depression, and our people would suffer fromdisease that could not be cured. As a society we ignorantly take advantage of
the amenities
provided by science, yet our lives would be alteredinterminablywithout them.
5#HW2"7 Health care, one of the aspects of our societythat separates us from our archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively onscientific discoveries and advances. Without the caccines created by doctors, diseasesuch as polio , measles,hepatitis, and the flu would pose a threat to ourcitizens, for although some of these disease may not be deadly, their sideeffects can be a vast detriment to an individual affected with the disease.
$.Qkb@
} In addition , science has developed perhapsthe most awe-inspiring, vital invention in the history of the world, thecomputer. Without the presence of this machine,our world could exist, but theconvenience brought into life by the computer are unparalleled.
;;!
yC Despite the greatness of present-day innovators and scientists and theirrevelations,it is requisite to examine the amenities of science that ourculture so blatantly disregards. For instance,the light bulb,electricity,thetelephone, running water, and the automobile are present-day staples of oursociety;however,they were not present until scientists discovered them.
J4k=A7^N Because of the contribution of scientist, our world is evermetamorphosing,and this metamorphosis economically and personally comprise oursociety, whether our society is cognizant of
认识到 this or not.
!8TlD-ZT/ 61
．In the first paragraph the author implies that we____
X2#2C/6#u A.would not survive without science
]Z>}6! B.take the amenities of science for granted
6/f7< C.could have raised the standards of living with science
S 8 kCp ; D.would be free of disease because of scientific advances
b_$4V3TA 62. The author uses health care andvaccines to illustrate ____
:">!r.Q A.how science has been developed
[zH:1Zhl& B.what science means to society
V><,UI=,n C.what the nature of science is
?k+xSV D.how disease affects society
=J18e H!] 63. Nothing , according to the author ,canmatch the invetion of the cumputer in term of ____
uu- PJTNZ A.power B.novelty C.benefits D.complexity
LGq'WU31:) 64. The author seems to be unhappy about ____
D@,6M#SK A.people’s ingnorance of their culture
OTvPU kp* B.people’s ingnoring the amenities of science
& DS/v)] C. people’s making no contributions to society
+G$4pt|= D. people’s misunderstanding of scientific advance.
=Z{O<xw' 65.The author’s tone in the passage is ____
c/:b.>W A.critieal
5-FQMXgThc B.cognizant
`Syl:rU~y@ C.appreciative
.O DU D.paradoxical
kGH }[w passage 2
zv|2:4H Biotechnology is expected to bring important advances in medical diagnosisand therpy ,in solving food problems, in
energy saving, inenvironmentally compatible industrial and agricultural production, and inspecially targeted environmental protection projects.Genetically alteredmicroorganisms can
break down a wide range of pollutions by being used , forexample, in bio-filters and wastewater-treatment facilities, and in theclean-up of polluted sites. Genetically altered modified organisms can alsoalleviate environmental burdens by reducing the need for pestcides, fertilizers,and medications.
e+=y*OmQ Sustainability,as a strategic aim, involves optimizing the interactions between nature, society,and the economy,
in according with ecological criteria .Political leader and scientist alike face thechallenge of recognizing interrelationships and interactions betweenecological, economic, and social factors and taking account of these factorswhen seeking solution strategies . To meet this challenge, decision-makersrequire interdisciplinary approches and strategies that cut acrosspoliticallines. Environmental discussion must become more objective, and this includes,especially, debates about the risks or new technologies , which are oftenideologically charged. In light of the complex issue involved in sustainabledevelopment ,we need clearer standards for orienting and assessing ourenvironmental policy.
ML} J\7R Sustainable development can succeed only if all areas of thepolitical sector, of society ,and of science accept the concept and worktogether to implement it.A common basic understanding of environmental ethicsis needed to ensure that protection of the natural foundation of life becomes amajor consideration in all political and individual action. A dialogue among representativesof all sectors of society is needed if appropriate environmental policies areto be divised and implemented.
Rm2yPuOU}A 66. Biotechology ____
b10cuy|a/X A.can help save enery and integrate industry and agriculture
'@a}H9> } B.can rid humans of disease and solve food problems
ZAW^/bo< C.can treat pollution and protect environment
$r^ GE D .all of the above
kC:uG0 sW 67.Wastewater can be treated ____
C>]0YO
k2 A.in genetic engineering
55G + ; B.by means of biotechology
$6#CqWhI C.in agriculture as well as industrial
`A,-@`p D.without the need for breaking down pollutants
rbul8(1h 68.When he says
approachesand strategies that cut across political lines,the author means that they ____
aJSO4W)P A.involve ecomic issues
'HO$C, 1] B.observe ecological criteria
KsddA C.are politically significant
Mhm@R@ D.overcome political barriers
|+ { )_? 69. It can be inferred from the passagethat the complexity of sustainable development ____
M5i%jZ k A.makes it necessary to improve the assessing standards
mJ<=n?{Z B.renders enviromental discussion possible
q'+)t7! C.charges new technology risks
T*I{W
W D.requires simplification
nI[os 70.The success of sustainable developmentlies in ____
J ; S
(>c A.its concept to be
.7O*pJ2(H B.good social teamwork
36.Z0Z1'F> C.appropriate environmental policies
'Oxy$U
D.the representatives of all sectors of society
;^+\K-O]c passage 3
J f@H/luW people from around the world flock to the United States expecting tofind a better life.But to scientists surprise,a growing body of evidenceindicates that increasing familiarity with U.S culture and society rendersimmigrants and their children for more susceptible to many mental and physicalailments, even if they attain financial success.
GmK^}=frj Thelatest study of this phenomenon,directed by epidemiologist William A.Vega ofthe University of Texas, San Antonio, finds much higher rates of majordepression,substance abuse, and other mental disorders in U.S-bornMexican-Americans compared with both recent and long-standingMexican-Americans.This pattern held regardless of education of income levels.
a a<
8 ,; Vega’s results appear at the same time as the release of a nationalreport on declining physical and mental health in childrin of immigrantfamilies.A panel convened by the national research council and the institute ofmedicine,both in Washingto,D.C.,reviewed previous studies and concluded thatassimilation into a U.S.lifestyle may undermine the overallhealth of immigrantchildren much more than being poor does.
2v :]tj Incontrast,studies of nonimmigrant U.S. residents usually link povertyto poor physical and mental health.
'_<{ p3M “The material on immigrant health shocked me when we first reviewedit”,says panel member Arthus M.Kleinman,a psychiatrist at HarvardMedical Schoolin Boston.
“Vega’s study is consistent with thepanel’s conclusion that immigrants’ health deteriorate with assimilation toU.S. society, declining toward general US. norms,” says Kleinman. Other studieshave indicated that citizens of many countries ,including Mexico, are healthier overall than US citizen.
( B!uy` Vega’s team interviewed 3012 adults of Mexican origin, ages 18-59 ,living in Fresno County,Calif.Of that number,1810 peopleidentified themselves as immigrants. Interviews were in English orSpanish.Interviewers expressed an interesting in health issues only and triedto minimize any tendency of participants to lie---due to US residencyconcerns--- about having immigranted.
zh%#Y_[R Nearly one-half of US-born Mexican-Americans had suffered from atleast one of 12 psychiatricdisorders at some time in their lives,compared with only one-quarter ofimmigrants. Common mental conditions in US-born individiuals included majordepression,phobias and other anxiety disorders,and substance abuse anddependece.
#OZ>V3k Prevalence rates for mental disorders were lowest for those who hadimmigrated within the past 13 years.The high rates found among immigrants of 13or more years still fell considerably below those for the native-born group.
o5d%w-' 71.Vega’s group was surprised to find worsephysical and mental health in ____
.b_)%jd x A.both recent and long-standing Mexican-American immigrants
I) rCd/ B.the immigrants who received fewer years of education
ky8_Un aO C.the financially disadvantaged immigrants
[m+
2(I1 D.US-born Mexican-American
m )8BgCy 72.The scientists found that the immigrants’declining physical and mental health is linked to ____
Q[Z8ok A.beingreluctant to assimilate into the US lifestyle
&)2 i[X B.blending with USculture and society
#akpXdXs C.working hard for a better life
ycc4W*] D.being poor
>
f^r^P 73. Vega and Kleinman____
H[m:0
eF'5 A.are divided over the phenomenon be divided on sth
j~"Q3P;V B.ascribe the phenomenon to racial discrimination
!]4 2^?GH C.puzzle over the phenomenon
@>u}eB>Kn D.seem to see eye to eye on the phenomenon
Hf
v 7LM 74. Vega’s team interviewed the immigrants____
Q`~jw>x A.for their USresidency concerns
7X`l&7IXP B.for their identifications
~Uj=^leYO C.for theis health issues
Ut*`:]la D.all of above
vhe>)h*B 75. Which of the following groups is leastsusceptible to mental disorders?
2^Eg 9y ' A.The US-born Mexican-Americans
k@\ iGqo B.The immigrants of 13 ormore years
1 =r#d-\tR C. The immigrants of financial success
- ] L6= D. The immigrants of less than13
3("_Z% Passage 4
W~6EEyD% Rain is not what it used to be. A new study reveals that much of theprecipitation in Europe contains such highlevels of dissolved pesticides that it would be illegal to supply it asdrinking water.
f}aL-N~ “Studiesin Switzerland have found that rain is laced with toxic levels of atrazine,regularly exceeded in rain”,says Stephan Muller, a chemist at the Wwiss FederalInstitute for Environmental Science and Technlgy in Dubendorf.The chemicalsappear to have evaporated from fields and become part of the clouds.
1G"z<v
B Both the Europe Union and Switzerland have set a limit of 100nanograms for any particular pesticide of driking warter. But ,especially inthe first minutes of a heavy storm,rain can contain much more than that.
E08 klC0 Ina study to be published by Muller and his collegue Thomas Bucheli in
Anslytical Chemistry this summer,onesample of rainwater contained almost 4000 nanograms per liter of 2,4-dinitrophinol, a widely used pesticide.Previously,the author had shown that inrain sample taken from 41 storms ,nine contained more than 100 nanograms ofatrazine per liter,one of them around 900 nanograms.
2n3W=dF Inthe latest study,the highest concentrations of pesticides turned up in thefirst rain after a ling dry spell,particalarly when local fields had recentlybeen sprayed,Until now , scientist had assumed that the pesticides onlyinfiltrated groundwater directly from fields.
? F
i=P# Muller warns that the growing practice of using rainwater that fallsonto roofs to recharge underground water may be adding to be danger.This wateroften contains dissolved herbicides that had been added to roofing materials,such as bitumen sheets,to prevent vegetation growing.He suggests that the firstflush of rain should be diverted into sewers to minimize the pollution ofdrinking water,which is not usuaslly treated to remove these herbicides andpesticides.
b+,' ;bW 76.According to the Swedish scientist ,thepestcides in rain ____
zepm!JR1 A.exceed those in crop sprays
p%#<D9S B.can be traced back to crop sprays
U} & 2k C.are not as toxic as they used to be
FO=4:
D.are nothing but atrazine and alachlor
uPhK3nCGo 77. Muller and Bucheli found that2,4-dinitrophenol____
6tX q: A.is widely used inagriculture
.}&` TU B.exceeded atrazine in the rain sample water
Z?}dq-
Vh& C.can be measured in the units of nanograms
&wi e] D.was far in excess of limit in drinking water
<nE>XAI_7 78.Scientists used to hypothesize that ____
BZ:H`M`n A.groundwater was sage for drinking water
t =|evOz] B.herbicides and pesticides were harmless
oT^{b\ XN C.pesticides containated groundwater of drinking water
'L
8n-TyL D.rain would minimize the pollution of drinking water
pczug-nB 79.Muller warns us not ____
|L-]fjBbF A.not tap groundwarter for drinking water
, 0imiv B.to use such roofing materials as bitumen sheets
os,* 3WO C.to let the first flush of rain recharge underground water
*194{ ep D.to divert the flush of rain into sewers without removing itsherbicides and pesticides
$8;R[SU6Y 80.Which of the following can be the besttitle for the passage?
QFw +cy A.Drinkingwater
]or>?{4g B.Rainwater and underground water
Xa CX!Lr, C.Agriculture and pesticides
!>v2i" D.Falling pesticides
9XP o3; Passage 5
;-9=RI0 Folk wisdom holds that the blind can hear better than people withsight.Scientists have a new reason to believe it.
qm./|#m> Reasearch now indicates that blind and sighted people display the sameskill at locating a sound’s origin when using both ears ,but some blind peoplecan home in on sounds more accurately than their sighted counterparts when allhave one ear blocked.Canadian scientists described the work in the Sept.17
NATUR. -}=i 04^ Participants in the study were tested individually in a sound-insulated
room.They faced 16small,concealed loudspeakers arrayed in a semicircle a few feet away.With aheadrest keeping their head steady,the participants pointed to the perceivedorigins of the sounds.
|rJ=Ksc Therearchers tested eight blind people,who had been completely sightless frombirth of since a very early age.They also tested three nearly blind persons,whohad some residual vision at the periphery of their gaze;seven sighted peoplewearing blindfolds;and 29 sighted people without blindfolds.All participants weretested beforehand to ensure that their hearing was normal.
=o
Xsb When restricted to one-ear,or monaural,listening,four of the eight blindpeople identified sound sources more accurately than did the sightedpeople,says study co-author Michel Pare,a neuroscientist at the University ofMontreal.The sighted people showed especially poor localization of sounds fromthe speakers on the side of the blocked ear.
#z&& M"*a| Insighted people who can hear with both ears,
“the brain learns to rely on binaural (stereo) cues.These datasuggest that blind people haven’t learned that and Keep monaural cues as thedominant cues,”says Eric I.Knudsen,a neurobiologist at Stanford UniversitySchool Medicine ,
“I find itsurpring.”
%`OJ.:k 81. one thing is sure that participants inthe study ____
!u_Y7i3^ A.had normal hearing
&S( .GdEf B.were born blind
>SML"+> C.wore blind folds
AmaT0tzJC D.were divided into 2 groups
'ixwD^x 82.Under what conditions, according to Pare,did theblind testees perform better than their sighted counterparts?
l ;JA8o\ x A.whenboth used one ear
WX =Jl< B.when the speakers were concealed
>_o} C.when the sounds were turned down
/e7O$L)
D.when both were restricted to blindfolds
LO
< 83.Knudsen explained the better hearing onthe part of
就…来说the blind in terms of ____
T^ w36}a A.cognitive psychology
f
#?fxUH~ B.visual images
{U!8|( C.binaural cues
O$IE n/%+ D.monaural cues
cc#gEm)3C 84.The Canadian scientists did their testto answer the question whether ____
U 'R)x";= A.the blind can hears as well as the sighted
6b+b/>G0 B.the blind have hearing capabilities
O J/,pLYu C.blind people track sounds better
0} $Hi D.folk wisdom is educational
G>wqt@%r9 85.What Folk wisdom holds in the passage____
9:,V
5n
= A.was scientifically tested in Canada and US,with differentresults produced
hJDi 7P B.has been scientifically verifed
>iD )eB C.merits further investigation
sA'6ty D.is surprising to everyone
;k7
xMZs passage 6
lmfi “Igot cancer in my prostrate.”Detective Andy Sipowicz of the fictional 15
thPrecinct,a stoic,big bear of a man ,is clearly in a world of pain in a 1998episode of NYPD Blue.The story line deals not only with cancer but also withmedical screw-ups,hospital indignities,and physician arrogance.Themalapropism(Andy,of course,meant “prostate”) is about the only medical detailthe show got wrong-and it was deliberate,in keeping with Sipowicz’s coarsebuttenderhearted character.Television,which can still depict death as an eventakin to fainting,is beginning to try harder to get its health informationright.And a handful of foundations and consultants are working to get theattention of writers,producers ,and assorted Hollywood moguls,trying toconvince them that,in the area of medicine,the truth is as compelling
as fiction.
T2SP
W@#Z3 Thestakes are high.Surveys show how surprising number of Americans get much oftheir basic health information not from their doctors,not even from newspapersof news magazines,but from entertainment television.A survey by the federalCenters for Disease and Prevention found that among people who watch soapoperas about disease and its prevention from the daytime serials.Some 7 percentactually visited a doctor because of something they viewed.
k B'Fkqwm Certain television shows are naturals for health education. The ClintonAdminstation has been quick so recognize the potency of the entertainment mediaas a health promoter. Secretary Donna Shalala,whose Department of Health and HumanServices educates the public through traditional brochures and public serviceAnnouncements,has offered TV writers the sources of her department to help themensure accuracy.
“Entertainmenttelevision reaches the hearts and minds of millions of Americans,”she told USNews.
“In recentyears,I have challenged television talk-show hosts,writers and producers----asprofessionals,parents and citizens---to use this incredible power to helpAmericans get accurate public health information.
” Hz.(qW">5* 86. The story line “I got cancer in my
prostrate”’s intented to achieve a(n) ____ effect
w tc!> A.amusing
LXEfPLS B.serious
enp )-nS0 C.puzzling
t: #6sF D.saddening
2_zp:v 87.The word
malapropism in the first paragraph can be defined as ____ Xb{
[c+.
A.an improper scene in a show Eo#u#IY
B.a significant detail of a story 6`v7 c !7
C.a wrong use of a word jFA{+Yr1
D.an interesting plot ^@qvl%j
88. we can infer from the passage that ____ Md0 s K
A.TV show must take into consideration the public healthconsequences &4b&X0pU
B.viewers of TV shows can distinguish between fiction and truth *M$0J'-BQ
C.the TV staff are conscientiously responsible for the quality oftheir shows =dII- L=`
D.entertainment can be pursued at the cost of accuracy QNA RkYY~|
89. Which of the following is NOT trueaccording to the passage? yqi^>Ce 0
A.TVshows are often misleading in medical details M@?xa/E6 4
B.TV’s role as a health promoter is already recognized Dd
VF,
C.Official support is available for TV’s efforts to be scientificand accurate T}"6wywM
D.Entertainment is justified in making up absurd stories D3)zk@N
90.The autor would be in favor of ____ " )V130<
A.absurd but entertaining TV shows q-c=nkN3
B.mixing medicine and entertainment Y=?yhAw
C.medical documentaries on TV ,t`Kv1
D.a divorce between science and entertainment c o9 .wB@
2003年博士英语考试作文参考答案 ~ug=
{b
E;1Jh(58)b
Healthbegins with breakfast
{W]=~*w
Most people ignore breakfast and skip it.In fact breakfast is of great importance to guarantee our heath and improve theefficiency of our work and study. So we should have it scientifically. Sp}tD<V
F0:A]`|
Breakfast for young children. Smallchildren need adequate protein and calcium, so it is good for them to havemeasurable milk, egg, and bread for breakfast. They should avoid eating foodthat is high in sugar in case of decayed teeth and fatness. oI.G-ChP
:dLAs
@z
Breakfast for teenagers. As adolescence isa vital period of growth, calcium, vitamin C and vitamin A are necessary foradolescents. Furthermore they should be provided with sufficient calories fortheir mental and physical activities ]ut5S>,"
