中国海洋大学2005博士英语真题 O"+0 b|
PARTⅠ Cloze (15) @;tfHoXD
Directions: There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Readthe passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrasemarked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Blacken the correspondingletter of the word or phrase you have chosen on your Answer Sheet. M
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At least since the Industrial Revolution,gender roles have been in a state of transition. As ESIP+
a result, culturalscripts about marriage have Undergone change. One of the more obvious 1 P+}~6}wJE
has occurred in theroles that women 2 Women have moved into the world of workand have &<]f-
become adept atmeeting expectations in that arena,3 maintaining their familyroles .of %g}d}5s
nurturing andcreating a (n) 4 that is a haven for all family members. 5 manywomen :86:U 0^
experience strainfrom trying to "do it all," they often enjoy .the increased 6 thatcan result 8ROKfPj;z
from playingmultiple roles. As women's roles havechanged, changing expectations about 5tQz!
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men's roles havebecome more 7 . Many men are relinquishing their majorresponsibility 8 #~|k EGt
the familyprovider. Probably the most significant change in men's roles, however, is inthe 5b7(^T^K
emotional 9 offamily life. Men are increasingly 10 tomeet the emotional needs of their eMC^ORdY
families, 11 theirwives. "mW'tm1+
Infact, expectations about the emotional domain of marriage have become moresignificant for marriage in general.刀攀猀攀愀爀攀栀 on 12 marriage has changed over recent aecadespoints to the increasing, importance of the emotional side of-the relationship, and the importance of sharing in the eemotion work" 13 to nourish marriages and other familyrelationships. Men and women want to experience marriages that areinterdependent, 14 both partners nurture each other, attendand respond to each other, and encourage and promote each other. We are thus seeing marriages in which men'sand women's roles are becoming increasingly more 15 . vKG\8+
1. A. incidentsB. changes C.results D. effects uLS]=:BT
2. A. takeB. do C. play D. show w}>%E6UY
3. A. by B. while C. hence D. thus A~bSB
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4. A. home B. garden C.愀爀攀渀愀 D. paradise N3|:MM
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5. A. When B: Even though C. Since D. Nevertheless Ig`q[o
6. A. rewards B. profits C.瀀爀椀瘀椀氀攀最攀猀 D. incomes tF`L]1r>
7. A. general B. acceptable C. popular D. apparent %Hbq3U30
8. A. as B. of C. from D. for WzN c=@[W
9. A. sectionB constituent: C. domainD. point S)W xTE9
10. A.encouraged B. expected C. advised D. predicted C
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11. A. not tomention B. as well as CincludingD. especially . ?ZlXh51
12. A. how B. what C. why D. if @|anu&Hm
13 A. butB. only. C. enough D. necessary JY#vq'dl|
14. A. unless B. although C. where D. because 1'E=R0`pA
15. A.pleasant B. important C. similar D. manageable Sv n7.Ivep
PART Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (30) V/ G1C^'/
Directions: Thereare 5 reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinishedstatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and markyour answer on 琀栀攀 ANSWER SHEET by blackening thecorresponding letter in the brackets. yxt"vm;
Passage 1 u /F!8#
The first navigational lights in the NewWorld were probably lanterns hung at harbor entrances. The fast lighthouse wasput tip by Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on Little Brewster Island at theentrance to Boston Harbor. Paid forand maintained by "light dues"levied on ships, the original beacon was blown up in 1776. By then there wereonly a dozen or so true lighthouses in the colonic. Little over a century later,there were 700 lighthouses. |IcW7(
The first eight erected on the West Coast inthe 1850's featured the same basic New England design: a Cape Cod dwelling withthe tower rising from the center or standing close by. In New England andelsewhere, though., lighthouses reflected a Variety of architectural styles.Since most stations in the Northeast were built.on rocky eminences, enormoustowers were not the rule. Some were made of stone and brick, others "ofwood or metal. Some stood on pilings or stilts: some were fastened to rock withiron rods. "Farther south, from Marylandthreugh the Florida Keys, thecoastwas low and sandy. It was often necessary to戀甀椀氀搀 tall towers there -- massive structures like the majestic CapeHatteras. North Carolina. lighthouse, which was lit in 1870. At 190 feet it isthe tallest brick lighthouse in the country. #KJ# 1
NOt withstanding differences in appearanceand construction, mostAmerican lighthouses shared several features: a light,living quarters, and sometimes a bell ( or, later; a foghorn). They alsohad something else in common: a keeperand, usually, the keeper's family. Thekeeper's essential task was trimming the lantern wick in order to maintain asteady, bright flame. The earliestkeepers came from every walk of life --- they were seamen, farmers, mechanics,rough mill hands -- and appoint ments were often handed out by local customscommissioners as political plums. After the administration of lighthouses wastaken over in 1852 by the United States Lighthouse Board, an agency of. theTreasury Department, the keeper corps gradually became highly professional. _nMd
16 What is the best tide for the passage? 0Qt
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A. The Lighthouse on Little BrewsterIsland 9p W~Gz
B: The Life of a Lighthouse Keeper 嬀/size] loVg{N:
C.Early Lighthouses .in the United States ="voJgvw
D. The Modem Profession ofLighthouse-Keeping嬀/size] |U|>YA1[b
17. Why does the author mention theMassachusetts Bay Colony? C
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A. It was. the headquarters of the UntiedStates Lighthouse Board. 4Hj)Av<O(
B. Many of the tauest.lighthouses werebuilt there. QRQZ{m
C. The first lantern wicks were developedthere. Tx;a2:6\[
D. The first lighthouse in North Americawas built there. >O-KJZ'GV
18. It can beinferred from the passage that lighthouses in the Northeast did not need hightowers because . {<,%_pJR
A. ship there had high masts B. coastal waters were safe g<j)
C. the coast was straight and unobstructed "2cOS PpQL
D. the lighthouse were built on highplaces qbv\uYow3k
19. According tothe passage, where can the tallest brick lighthouse in the United States befound? >C|pY6
A, Little Brewster Island B. The Florida Keys &: Q'X
C. Cape Hatteras D. Cape cod d_!Z /M,
20. In the secondsentence of paragraph 3 , which of the following does the word "They"refer to? bJ^h{]
A.Lighthouses B.Differences C. QuartersD. Features dCd~
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Passage 2 :ppaq
Every living thing has an inner biologicalclock that controls behavior. The clock works all the time even when there areno outside signs to mark the passing of time. The biological dock l0Q5q)U1A
tells plants whento form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells insects when to *fg2bz<~[B
leave theprotective cocoon and fly away. And it tells animals when to eat, sleep andwake. It 7:jLZ!mgi
controls bodytemperature, the release of some hormones and even dreams.these natural daily }DhqzKl
events arecircadian rhythms. s)1-xA{'.
Man has known about them for thousands ofyears. But the first scientific observation of F/oqYk9`
Circadian rhythmswas not made until 1729. In that year French astronomer. Jean-Jacques 7ch9Pf
d'Ortous de Mairan,noted that one of his plants opened its leaves at the same time every 47q>
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morning, and closedthem at the same time every night. The plant did this even when he kept jWrU'X
it in a dark placeall the time. Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms .in humans. 7gC?<;\0
They learned thatman's biological clock actually keeps time with-a day of-a litde less than 25 =[(34#
hours instead ofthe 24 hours On a man-made clock. About four years ago an American doctor, }+@9[Q
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Eliot. Weitzman,established a laboratory to study how our biological clock works. The people in y!FO
his experiments areshut off from the outside world. They are free to listen to and live by their nR_Zrm
circadian rhythms.Dr. Weitzman hopes his research will lead to effective treatments for l2
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common sleepproblems and sleep disorders caused by aging and mental illness. The laboratoryis *tXyd<_Hd
in the MontefloreHospital in New York City. It has two living areas with three small rooms in bZ`v1d
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each. The windowsare covered, so no sunlight or moonlight comes in. There are no radios or mnpk9x}m
televisionreceivers. There is a control room between the living areas. It contains computers, YG\#N+D
one-way cameras andother electronic devices for observing the person in the living area; The AQ,lLn+
instruments measureheartbeat, body temperature, hormones in the blood, other substances in }Ng P`m
the urine and brainwaves during sleep. A doctor or medical technician is on duty in the control !T0I; j&
room 24 hours a dayduring an experiment They do not work the same time each day and are not Btm,'kBG
permitted to wearwatches, so the person in the laboratory has no idea what time it is. In the Q}AZkZ
first four years ofresearch, Dr Weitzman and his assistant have observed 16 men between the s=8H<'l
ages of 21 and 80.The men remained in the laboratory for as long as six months. Last month, y7HFmGM
a science reporterfor The New York Times newspaper, Dava Sobol, became the first woman to Qq,2V
tare part in theexperiment. She entered the laboratory on June 13th and stayed for 25 days. <h#*wy:o2
Miss Sobol wrotereports about the experiment during that time, which were published in the noWF0+%
Newspaper. KFrsXf
21. The biologicalclock is believed to play an essential role in DDrR9}k
A. the regulation of body temperature B. thesecretion of hormones B;9,Qbb
C.animal reproduction D. many aspects ofplant and animal physiology , ;.}L#'0j
22 In hisobservation, the French scientist noticed that the leaves of a certain plantmaintained rq%]CsRY5
its opening-and-closing cycles -@> {q/
A. even when it was kept in a murky placeall day GHv6UIe&
B.攀瘀攀渀 if it was placed in the moonlight F-,gj{s
C. even when he was observing it from a darkplace U)(R4Y6 v
D. even during the night time -`L`kL<
23 The sentence "They are free to listen toand live by their circadian rhythms. " (In !5*VBE\
Paragraph 4) probably means J
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A. They can leadtheir daily lives according to their biological clocks, without referring to aman-made clock. 0%f}Q7*R
B. They can listen to the wonderfulrhythms of the biological clock and live close to them, r^
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C. They can live by regulating their.owncircadian rhythms~ _pdKcE\X
D. They are free from the annoyingrhythms of everyday life. ^+(5
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24. In the experiment conducted by Mr. Weitzman,the doctor who is.on duty does not work SEgw!2H
the same time each day b**vUt\
A. in order to observe the abnormalbehavior of the people at different times lNe4e6
B. so as not to he recognized by thepeople 2!%)_<
C.so as to avoid indicating to the people what time it is when he starts work :2/L1A)O
D. so as to leave the people's circadianrhythms in disorder D6ZHvY8R
25.圀栀愀琀 is Mr. Weitzman's ultimate purpose of establishing a laboratory? do" m=y
A. He wanted, to have his experimentreport published in the. newspapers N#u'SGTG
B. People are free to listen to and liveby their circadian rhythms U%vTmdOY
C. He wanted to find a way to treatpeople's diseases-. Z %pc"
D. He could gain some reputation for thefirst scientific observation of circadian
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26.Miss Sobo1 left the laboratory V!:!c]8F
A. on June 13th B. on June 25th C. at the end of June D. on July 7th t'_EcYNS
passage 3 .. &4%pPL\f
There is confused notion in the minds ofmany persons, that the gafhering of the property TuwP'g[
漀昀 the poor into the hands of the rich does noultimate harm, since in who,sever hands it may be, S*l/
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椀琀 must be spent at last, and thus, theythink, return to the poor again. This .fallacy has been Xqf\}p n
愀最愀椀渀 and again exposed; but granting the pleatrue, the same apology may, of course, be made yi8vD~aA[
昀漀爀 blackmail; or any other form of robbery.It might be (though practically it never is) as JC'3x9_<z
愀搀瘀愀渀琀愀最攀漀甀猀 for the nation that the ~robbershould have the spending of the money he extorts, as that the person robbedshould have spent it. But thisis no excuse for the theft. If I were to put S9dxrm?
愀 turnpike on the road where it passes my owngate, and endeavor to exact a shilling from every *~8F.cx
瀀愀猀猀攀渀最攀爀, the public would soon do away withmy gate, without listening to arty pleas on my FG${w.e<
瀀愀爀琀 that it was as advantageous to them, inthe end, that I should spent their shillings, as that a?gF;AYk
they themselvesshould. But if, instead of outfacingthem with a turnpike, I can only persuade KR.;X3S}
琀栀攀洀 to come in and buy stones, or old iron,or any "other useless thing, out of my ground, I ld(60?z>FH
may rob them to thesame extent and, moreover, be, thanked as a public benefactor and promoter *(x.egORd
of commerCialprosperity. And. this main question forthe poor of England-for the poor of all J`g5Qn@S
countriesis whellyomitted in every treastise on the subject of wealth. Even by the laborers s_
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themselves, theoperation of capital is regarded 0nlY in its effect on their immediateinterests, z$&B7?
never in the farmore terrific power of-its appointment .of the kind and the object-of labor, It -'c
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matters little,"ultimately, how much a laborer is paid for making anything, but itmatters ZvyZ5UA
fearfully what thething is which..he is compelled to make, If his labor is so ordered as toproduce S$b)X"h
food,, fresh air,and fresh water, no matter that his wages are low; the food and the flesh air + }"+
and water will beat last there, and he will at last get them_ But if he is paid to destroy foodand $z!G%PO1%
fresh air, or toproduce iron bars instead of them, the food and.air will finally not be there,and .]>Tj^1
he will not getthem, to his great and final inconvenience. So that, conclusively, in politicalas in hT^&