第二篇 lAuI?/E
Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little (.Y
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conflict breeds apathy (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to {X$8yy2zC5
divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark VaQqi>;\
creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way. cd,)GF
Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the ++ !BSQ e
optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple i_8q!CL@{
generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. VE{[52
Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for D h y
not-for-profit organizations. |4NH}XVYJ>
Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied 3 "fBp
systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in <}x_F)E[t
not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their tpp. 9
organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be @KRr$k
achieved in the absence of conflict. D4WvRxki
Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that V"=(I'X
conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in 4kZX$ct}
their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for Q $Y ]KV
effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking
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organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial |f+|OZY
terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial `!{m#BBT}
indicators. #hPa:I$Oc
In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined }nNZp
from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and 8$</HNu,
ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived 9&e=s<6dO
that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions. &wc%mQV
31.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is________. It.G-(
A) wrong d%tF~|#A%
B) oversimplified !qe,&