北京航天航空大学2007年

北京航天航空大学2007年
博士研究生入学考试试题题单号:101
英语 (共11页)
考生注意：所有答题务必书写在考场提供的答题纸上，写在本试题单上的答题一律无效（本题单不参与阅卷）。
Part I Listen Comprehension (20points) e-Xr^@M*Q
Section A (10%) O]>FNsh!
Direction: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be pause. During the pause, you must read the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. g/o@,_
1. A. He makes a lot of money.
B. He has just been left some money.
C. He doesn’t believe three hundred dollars is enough.
D. He can’t afford to spend that much.
2. A. He knows what is wrong with the watch.
B. The woman doesn’t need to buy another battery.
C. The woman should get a new watch.
D. The jewelry store can probably repair the woman’s watch.
3. A. He has another meeting to attend on that day.
B. He’s available either day.
C. He can’t attend a two-day conference.
D. Not everybody will go to the same meeting.
4. A. Go to beach with her friend.
B. Postpone her meeting with Professor Jones.
C. See Professor Jones after class.
D. Give a speech in Professor Jones’ class.
5. A. She isn’t a very good student.
B. She hasn’t gotten her grades yet.
C. She shouldn’t worry about her grades.
D. She doesn’t like to talk about grades.
6. A. Spend more time working on calculus problems.
B. Talk to an advisor about dropping the course.
C. Work on the assignment with a classmate.
D. Ask the graduate assistant for help.
7. A. Go home to get a book.
B. Return a book to the library.
C. Pick up a book at the library for the women.
D. Ask the library for help in finding a book.
8. A. The women could use his metric ruler.
B. He’ll finish taking the measurements for the women.
C. The women’s ruler is better than his.
D. He’s faster at making the conversations than the women.
9. A. She wants the man to attend the tournament with her.
B. The tournament begins next week.
C. The man should check with his doctor again.
D. She hopes the man will be able to play in the tournament.
10. A. The advisor has already approved the man’s class schedule.
B. The man should make an appointment to see his advisor.
   C. The man should change his courses schedule.
   D. The man should sign the document before leaving.
Section B (10%) s|O4>LsG
Direction: In this section you will hear 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear some questions. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear one question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. V6CRl&ZKO
Conversation I `{B<|W$=
11. A. Ask himself some important questions.
B. Ask a good professor for help.
   C. Ask his parents for help.
D. Ask his friends for help.
12. A. Large university.
B. Large private university.
   C. Junior college.
   D. Technical college.
13. A. Two.
B. Three.
   C. Four.
   D. Five.
14. A. A school that has not majors.
B. A school that has literature majors.
   C. A school that has business majors.
   D. A school that has a wide range of majors.
15. A. A school that has good college representatives.
B. A school that has characteristics that are important to him.
   C. A school that has a beautiful campus.
   D. A school that costs less.
Conversation 2 +j!$88%Z{
16. A. To go to a weekend journalism conference with her newspaper staff.
B. To go to a weekend party with her boyfriend.
   C. To go to a weekend party with a large circle of friends.
   D. To go back home and spend a weekend with her parents.
17. A. She likes that she is in charge of her education.
B. She likes that she is in of her tuition.
   C. She likes that she can please her parents.
   D. She likes to show that she has grown up.
18. A. $ 11 a unit tuition.
B. $ 1,100 a semester.
   C. $10 a unit tuition.
   D. $1,000 a semester.
19. A. She has become a dependent.
B. She has become a loner.
   C. She feels she has become all empowered.
   D. She has a small group of friends.
20. A. Famous schools are better than less famous schools.
B. Private schools are better than public schools.
   C. Applying to big –nature schools is the best choice for a student.
   D. Some smaller colleges are just as or possibly better than famous schools
Part II Reading Comprehension (30points) NoD\t(@h
Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Read the passages carefully and decide on the best choice. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANWER SHEET with a single line through the center. z3|)WS^
PASSAGE 1 }v$T1Cw
Scientists now tend to agree that the noise level for potential hearing loss begins at about 70 decibels. Some of them are very concerned because normal daily life exposes people to noise levels of about 70 decibels even inside their homes. Cities have always been noisy, but noise is now spreading to areas that were quiet just a few years ago.
Clearly, something must be done or noise will seriously and permanently maim the population. Fortunately, the knowledge and methods to control noise already exist. As a matter of fact, this is one instance where the knowledge about the effects on human life and on the environment.
There are two common means for control. The first is reducing its source, and the second is changing the sound path by distance or by shielding.
The second approach is being used more often today as people become more aware of the danger of noise. New building codes require better sound insulation in homes and apartments. More and more towns are passing zoning ordinances that try to segregate noisy factories or airports from residential areas. Sound-absorbent materials and construction designed to block sound paths are slowly coming into use in offices and homes. New highways are being built to redirect traffic noise up and away from nearby areas. Aircraft are increasingly being required to use reduced power flights around airports.
There are many examples of available noise control methods that are not being used. More flexible building codes would permit the use of quieter kinds of plumbing pipes. Sound-absorbing materials can reduce the noise of motors and engineers. Power generators can be quieted with baffles, exhaust silencers, and sound absorbers. Truck machines is the same or only slightly higher than that of the current noisy ones. Even though the new equipment may cost more initially, it can prove more profitable in the long run. The new jumbo jets, for example, are quieter than the older ones, yet they are more powerful and carry twice as many passengers.
All of these methods are only partial measures as noisy levels continue to rise. Most specialists in field agree that much of solution must come from eliminating some of the noise at its source, therefore saving through prevention the large costs of hearing loss.
21. The noise level for possible hearing loss begins about__________
A. 30 decibels               B. 75 decibels
C.100 decibels               D. none of above
22. Jet pilots are being advised to land__________
A. on longer runways.        B. from nearby areas.
C. after dark.                C. with reduced power.
23.How many practical means for controlling noise does the author present?
A. one.                    B. two.
C. three.                   D. four.
24. The reader can assume that airport of the future will__________
A. have runways in north-south pattern.
B. be located in unpopulated areas.
C. be required to warn passengers of high noise levels.
D. in nearby areas.
25. Jumbo jets are mentioned as examples of__________
A. efficient transportation with low level of noise.
B. vehicles that cause serious air pollution.
C. scientific advances that do more harm than good.
D. quieter and older vehicle.
PASSSAGE 2 ttwfWfX
Every time a person eats something he makes a nutritional decision. He accepts or rejects the food available to him at home for meals or snacks. Or he selects food for himself at many places in the community, such as supermarkets, drive-ins, restaurants, and food counters in drugstores. These selections make a difference in how an individual looks, how he feels, and how well he can work and play.
When a good assortment of food in appropriate amounts is selected and eaten, the consequences are more likely to be a desirable level of health and enough energy to allow one to be as active as he needs and wants to be. When choices are less than desirable, the consequences are likely to be poor health or limited energy or both.
Studies of diets of individuals in the United States show that food selection is a highly individual matter, even among young children Furthermore, far too many individuals of all ages are making poor choices day after day and are either now living with the consequences or will be in the future.
Nutritionists and workers in allied professions have been concerned about helping people learn to select and enjoy a wide variety of food combinations that can add up to a good diet.
Most people believe that they are well fed––that the choices they make are good ones. After all, they are not really sick, neither are they hungry. However, their nutrition is usually poor in one respect or another. Milk and milk products, such as cheeses, ice cream or milk, buttermilk, and yogurt, are often slighted. Then people may skip many fruits and vegetables, particularly those that are good sources of vitamins A and C. These include dark green, leafy vegetables; deep yellow vegetables; and citrus fruits and vegetables, such as cabbage, tomatoes, and green peppers.
Every American has the right to choose to be uniformed about nutrition as well as to be informed. If a person believes that she is well fed, attitudes, habits, and information cannot be forced upon her.
There are life situations, however, that tend to cause an individual to want to know how to make the best choices. For example, a young couple is starting a family and must prepare food for young children.
26. Food preference in America is _____________
A. culturally oriented.    B. inherited.
C. individualistic.       D. according to ages.
27. Good amounts of vitamin A can be found in ____________
A. celery              B. banana.
C. milk.               D. cabbage.
28. According to the author, nutritionists are concerned with _________
A. improving the vitamin content of processed foods.
B. restricting the manufacture of high cholesterol foods.
C. informing the public about wholesome foods.
D. helping people enjoying uninformed about nutrition.
29. Some people judge their nutrition by the ____________
A. status of their health.
B. grocery stores where they shop.
C. amount of protein in their diets.
D. food they took.
30. The author advocates ____________________
A. requiring high school students to take courses on nutrition.
B. making information on nutrition available to the public.
C. forcing food manufacturers to list ingredients on packages.
D. people has the right to choose food.
PASSAGE 3 .5*h']iFr1
Almost since the beginning of mankind, governments have been recording the numbers of their populace. The first known census report took place in 3800 B. C. in Babylonia for the purpose of deciding who should pay taxes. As time went by, governments found other, more creative uses for knowing their numbers. Egyptian King Romans II used the census not only to determine who should pay taxes, but also to figure out how to divide land for farming and to decide who could provide manpower for various government projects. These new ideas came about in the mid-1200s--B.C.
William the Conqueror brought the concept of census taking to England in 1085. All landowners were required to name their holdings for the purpose of taxation. By the fifteenth century, Tudor kings found a new twist to the Egyptians’ use of the census. They too used the population count as a means of getting ready manpower for important government projects-namely, replenishing troops in the ongoing battles in western Europe.
A rebellious tide swept over England, however, in the mid-1700s. A bill to authorize a regular census was defeated in Parliament on the grounds that it would give valuable information to England’s enemies. But the tide of rebellion soon turned, and in 1800 England established its first regular census.
Meanwhile the United States had already had an ongoing census for ten years. It was authorized in the Constitution for the purpose of deciding how many members of constitution! Article also established that the census would be taken in 1790 and every ten years thereafter. And so it has.
Since its beginning, the American census has gone through many changes. Today the census provides more than a count of the people who live here. It takes polls on transportation, economic planning, and agriculture. The census also provides data for most government agency statistics. Such as the unemployment rate.
Counting costs have risen since 1790. The government spent about a penny per person to count past-Revolutionary Americans. Today the census costs $250 million-more than a dollar per person. That’s a long way since 3800 B.C.
31. The first known census report took place in Babylonia in__________
A. 1085                     B. 1200 B.C.
C. 3800 B.C.                 D. 1790.
32. The first census was created for the sole purpose of _____________
A. counting available troops.
B. dividing farmland.
C. providing manpower
D. taxing the populace
33. The American census today costs the government approximately____
A. $0.1/person              B. $10/person
C. $1.00/person             D. $10.00 /person
34. Parliament defeated a bill authorizing a regular census because it____
A. might give valuable news to England.
B. would give England’s enemies cause for rebellion.
C. would be too expensive.
D. might disclose information to England’s enemies.
35. The author implies the American census is ___________
A. relatively inexpensive to conduct.
B. important to various government branches.
C. an exact count of the citizenry.
D. fairly expensive before 1790.
PASSAGE 4 xF4S
It didn’t happen overnight. The problem of polluted air has been festering for centuries.
Suddenly the problem of air pollution is becoming critical and is erupting right before our eyes. Not only do our eyes burn as they focus through murky air, but when the air clears, we see trees and vegetation dying. We must realize that this destruction can no longer be pinned to some mysterious cause. The one major culprit is air pollution.
Today’s air pollution is an unfortunate by-product of the growth of civilization. Civilized man desires goods that require heavy industrialization and mass production. Machines and factories sometimes pollute and taint the air with substances that are dangerous to man and the environment. These substances include radioactive dust, salt spray, herbicide and pesticide aerosols, liquid droplets of acidic matter, gases, and sometimes soil particles. These materials can act alone to irritate objects and forms of life. More dangerously, they join together to act upon the environment. Only lately have we begun recognizing some of their dangerous consequences.
Scientists have not yet been able to obtain a complete report on the effects of air pollution on trees. They do know, however, that sulfur dioxide, fluorides, and ozone destroy trees and that individual trees respond differently to the numerous particulate and gaseous pollutants. Sometimes trees growing in a single area under attack by pollutants will show symptoms of injury or will die while their neighbors remain healthy. Scientists believe this difference in response depends on the kind of tree and its genetic makeup. Other factors, such as the tree’s stage of growth and nearness to the pollution source, the mount of pollutants, and length of the pollution attack also play a part .In short, whether or not a tree dies as a result of air pollution depends on a combination of host and environmental factors.
For the most part, air pollutants injure trees. To conifers, which have year-round needles, air pollution causes early balding. In this event, trees cannot maintain normal food production levels. Undernourished and weakened, they are open to attack by a host of insects, diseases, and other environmental stresses. Death often follows.
Air pollution may also cause hardwoods to lose their leaves. Because their leaves are borne only for a portion of the year and are replaced the following year , air pollution injury to hardwoods may not be so severe.
36. The author attributes today’s air pollution to ________
A. the growth of civilization.   B. man’s carelessness
C. environmental imbalance    C. some mysterious cause.
37. The resistance of some trees to disease can be traced to ______
A. protective foliage           B. thick bark
C. genetic makeup             D. tainted air
38.Air pollution causes the most damage to _______
A. hardwoods                B. conifers
C. fruit trees                 D. fluorides
39.The author implies that the greatest source of pollution is ________
A. heavy industry             B. chemical processing plants
C. urban expansion            D. salt spray
40. We can conclude that ___________
A. air pollution is easier to control than water pollution
B. the problem of polluted air is a problem overnight
C. the impact of air pollution has been known for centuries
D. research on the efforts of air pollution is incomplete.
Part III Vocabulary(10points) .\rJ|HpZ1J
Directions: In this part, there are 20 sentences with four choices below each sentence. Choose the best one from the 4 choices. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 9 coN >y
41. Hidden hotel costs can be a source of frustration to the frugal traveler.
A. carefully          B. clever
C. ignorant          C. economical
42. Thick with trees and sparse with homes, this tranquil area 50 miles north of Houston could be a slice of heaven.
A. molten   B.serene    C. isolated   D. snobbish
43. Accommodations must be made for students learning disabilities.
A. criminal   B. pump    C. psychology    D. lodgings
44. History was being catalogued here, the missed opportunities, blunders and outright mistakes.
A. attempts   B. insults    C. ignored   D. drew
45.The press mocked his attempts to appeal to young voters.
A. ridiculed    B. entertained     C. prepare    D. anticipate
46.The federal court has been putting pressure on the adhere to the population caps in the decree.
A. encounter B. stick to   C. prepare D. anticipate
47. Widespread wage reductions imposed during the recession of 1906-1909 and price inflation thereafter impede the recovery of real wage levels.
A. convoluted     B. belied    C. encumbered     D. stoked
48. Helplessly she blinked up at him, feeling a slow lethargy creep through her whole body.
A. provision     B. cylinder   C. contradiction    D. exhaustion
49. The attack was meticulously planned and executed.
A negligently    B. slovenly   C. fussily     D. discreetly
50 At the same time, medical and social science research began to indicate that retirement itself had detrimental effects.
A. damaging    B. magnificent    C. useful    D. relevant
51. The batteries can be recharged when they run______
A. over     B. down    C. out    D. along
52. The rioters headed downtown, _______they attack city hall.
A. since    B. as     C. whereupon    D. yet
53. Monday’s earthquake _________windows and woke residents.
A. slammed   B. prosecuted   C. rattled    D. pierced
54. Environmentalists _________that it will not be easy to persuade car drivers to use their vehicles less often.
A. deliver    B. deserve    C. contrast    D. concede
55. Lately, the restaurant chain, which ________mainly to blue–collar diners, has been hurt by competition.
A. caters   B. fabricates   C. facilitates    D.flees
56. The nation _________the death of its great war leader.
A. protruded    B.lamented    C.rebuked    D.racked
57. The report _________poor safety stands for the accident.
A .blames    B.charge    C.complains    D. accuses
58. The new school building is________ completion.
A. nearly to    B. close to    C. almost at    D. just about at
59. Walking is excellent for working _______ tension.
A .out    B. away    C. down    D. off
60. Any negative statements and accusations made should be_______ and forthrightly answered preferably at the level on which they originate.
A. promptly    B. thoroughly    C. punctually   D. exactly
Part IV Cloze (10 points) RI2Or9. 
Directions: In this part, there are incomplete sentences in the following passage. For each of sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANWER SHEET with a single line through the center. JJn+H&[B
It is not long since conditions in the mine were worse than they are now. There are still _61_a few very old women who in their youth have worked _62_, with harness round their waists, and a chain _63_ passed between their legs, crawling on all _64_ and dragging tugs of coal. They used to go on _65_ this even when they were pregnant.
And _66_ produce without pregnant women dragging it _67_ and fro, I fancy we should let them do it _68_ than deprive ourselves of coal. But most of the time, of course, we should _69_ to forget that they were doing it. It is _70_ with all types of manual work; it keep us alive, and we oblivious of its existence .More than anything _71_, perhaps, the miner can stand as the type of manual worker, not only because it is so vitally necessary and _72_ so _73_, that we were capable _74_ forgetting it as we forget the blood in our veins. In _75_ way it is even humiliating to watch coal-miners working. It raises in you a momentary doubt _76_ your own status as an “intellectual” and a superior person generally. For it is brought _77_ to you, at least while you are watching, that it is only _78_ miners sweat their guts out _79_ superior persons can _80_ superior.

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Part V Translation (15points) F|PYDC
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate it into Chinese .Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET(2). )sL:iGU
Two teams of astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope have overturned several decades of conjecture and theory by ruling out the possibility that small, dim stars make up most of the mass in the universe.
Until now, small stars known as faint red dwarfs were considered ideal candidates for the so-called “dark matter” that is believed to account for more than 90 percent of the mass of the universe
All visible celestial objects, such as planets, stars and galaxies, are believed to account for only 10 percent of mass of the universe, The rest of the “missing mass” is presumably invisible because it does not emit or reflect light, or the light is too feeble to be detected. But dark matter can be indirectly detected due to its gravitational influence on other visible objects.
According to Bacall, professor of nature science at the Institute of Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey and leader of one of the teams, the nature of dark matter, and its abundance, are among the mast important questions in modern cosmology today.
The ultimate fate of the universe will be determined by the amount of dark matter present. If there is not enough dark matter to bind the universe together gravitationally, it could continue expanding forever. If there is enough mass to hold the universe together gravitationally, the universe may slow down its expansion, come to halt and begin to contract and eventually collapse.
Part VI Writing (15points) YZoudX'"
Directions: Write a composition of no less than 200words on the following topic on the Answer Sheet (2): L7KHs'c*
Opportunity and success

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