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主题 : 山东大学2013年考博英语
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山东大学2013年考博英语

第一篇: 19991月份六级真题: V~! lY\  
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The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be “all things to all people”. In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends. Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. In short, driven by careerism, “the nation's colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials than in providing a quality education for their students. ”The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an “integrated core” of common learning. Such a core would introduce students “to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus. ” tTcff9ee  
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Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed: “Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most. ” Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates. Faculty members who dedicated themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure (
终身任期), promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculty say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that “There is pressure to/publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications. ” H2 Gj(Nc-  
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36
When a college tries to be “all things to al people” (Lines 1-2, Para. 1) it aims to _______. ` 5lW  
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A) satisfy the needs of all kinds of students simultaneously. }eq*dr1`  
B) focus on training students in various skills. XS oHh-  
C) encourage students to take as many courses as possible. A\:u5(  
D) make learning serve academic rather than productive ends. ,6AnuA  
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37
By saying that “in too many academic fields, the work has no context” (Lin es4-5, Pare. 1) the author means that the teaching in these areas ______. J_`a}ox  
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A) ignores the actual situation. >O$ JS,  
B) is not based on the right perspective. KJ#S E|  
C) only focuses on an integrated core of common learning. @t{`KB+ ^  
D) gives priority to the cultivation of a global vision among students. -|g9__|@  
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38
One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that _______. R8bKE(*rxj  
A) a narrow vocationalism has come to dominate many colleges. >i!y[F  
B) students don't have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learn. k(ho?  
C) skills are being taught as a means to an end. dKJ-{LV  
D) students are only interested in obtaining credentials. T-a [  
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39
American colleges and universities failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates because _______. ?A]/ M~3B  
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A) most of them lack high-quality faculties. Dt:NBN  
B) the interests of most faculty members lie in research. Z_Y' 3'^Tw  
C) there are not enough incentives for students to study hard. h$l`)AH^  
D) they attach greater importance to research and publication than to teaching . Zdy{e|-Zn  
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40
It can be inferred from the passage that high-quality college education calls for _______. x T1MW  
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A) putting academic work in the proper context. vI \8@97  
B) a commitment to students and effective teaching. rH$M6S  
C) the practice of putting leaning to productive ends. $bFH%EA.  
D) dedication to research in frontier areas of knowledge. M3!4,_!~  
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