2004年华东师大博士生英语入学试卷
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考 1）本考卷共包括九大项，共19 页。考试时间为180分钟，满分100分。 O~ 0
1)% 试 2）试卷中 Paper One 各项答案按相应题号一律用铅笔划线填入答题卡。 6lAo`S\)eX 须 3）Paper Two 各项用钢笔或圆珠笔答在答题纸上，字迹需清晰端正。
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7w CW Part I. Listening Comprehension (15 % ) P`"DepeD SectionA HbDB?s< Directions: In this section, you willhear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question willbe asked about what was said. The conversation and question will be spoken onlyonce. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you mustread the four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D and decide which one is thebest answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with asingle line though the center. (U XB#I~ Example:You will hear:
W)hby
`k M: Is it possible for you to work late?Miss Grey?
[KJL%u|8/ W: Work late? I suppose so, if you reallythink it is necessary.
FCJ(D! Q: Where do you think this conversationmost probably took place?
xyz86r ^u You will read:
iH0c1}<k$ A. At the office.
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GtH<0Du B. In the waiting room.
!:{_< C"D C. At the airport.
9 <m j@bI$ D. In a restaurant.
{ rn~D5R From the conversation we know that the twowere talking about some work they have to finish in the evening. This is mostlikely to have taken place at the office. Therefore
a) At the office is the best answer. You should choose answer
a. on the Answer Sheet and mark it witha pencil.
9V\`{(R iNSJOS 1. A. The man better practice harder.
kyB]fmS B.The man should not give up.
&,7(Wab C.The man should stop trying to be a superstar.
6^Vf 5W{ D.The man better practice a new style.
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m]B; \_bX2Lg 2. A. Help the woman but only unwillingly.
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z>:A B.Not help move items for the woman.
E}2[P b)e C.Help move things to Mr. Nelson’s office.
7R JW D.Cancel his appointment at Mr. Nelson’s office.
e?WR={ w2 [R&hJ 3. A. They are on a date.
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> Y3[G+ B.They are at a harmonious meeting.
^)~M,rW8c C.They are at a meeting with a controversy.
?V sZo6Z" D.They are late to the meeting.
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\gpKQ t 0 4. A. Ask for more money from the studentloan.
a\E]ueVD2j B.Find a job to earn some money.
t:7jlD!d C.Be more realistic with his money.
5H5Kt9DoW D.Stop worrying about his money.
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Im ' M!_ k+e 5. A. See both of them one after another.
d+'+z %s% B.Phone the theater for opinion.
ntejFy9_ C.Toss a coin to decide.
o ++ Hdvai D.Go somewhere else instead.
A )cb i1C' 6. A. Volunteering needs special skills.
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$NGB=2[ B.Volunteering needs physical work.
psVRdluS C.Volunteering requires a time commitment.
ZHJzh\? D.Volunteering requires a financial commitment.
Pt+_0OsR M > < 7. A. Dorms are not as cheap as he thinks.
4dP_'0]9A: B.Dorms are not as spacious as he thinks.
{ex ]_V> C.Dorms are not as available as he thinks.
yS"" *8/ D.Dorms are not as convenient as he thinks.
.^23qCs Ih0GzyU*4 8. A. The amount of paper he used might beworth the cost.
MgekLP )& B.It will be a good lesson for him to study harder.
:?J$ +bm} C.The amount of effort he made will become useful.
' Vd>" ti D.The preparation of the paper should be finished soon.
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9. A. Sleeping early is good for oneself.
{`LV{ ! B.Rising early takes time to become easy.
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C.Jogging is difficult to be routine.
Syk^7l D. Walkingin the park is not as easy as it seems.
Xqy{=:0 jv ";?*I6. 10. A. It is sure to be ready on Thursday.
1X5\VY>S`h B.It is still not ready.
?=l(29tH C.It was already ready on Thursday.
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$ D.It was too difficult to fix it.
19S,> }73H$ss: SectionB {f)p|) Directions: In this section, you willhear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear somequestions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. Afteryou hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked a, b, c and d. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the center. epnDvz\ 7"NUof?i PassageOne l},%g%}iMU Questions11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. }7 V/(K 11. A. His friend bought them for him.
,oC r6 ] B.He bought them himself.
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|; bh C.He booked them quite a while ago.
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d}~q4{ D.He got them free of charge.
&^E k M [# _ceg1G 12. A. Her husband was taking her out tothe theater.
*M="k 1P1 B.Her husband had got her a job in his office.
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{~gu C.Her husband was going to buy her some nice gifts.
Q~9:}_@ D.Her husband had found his lost money.
yoH6g?!O aU3&=aN+ 13. A. He had lost the tickets for thetheater.
Zy'bX* s| B.He had lost his briefcase.
GcKJpI\sB C.He had left his briefcase at home.
*}?^)z7w D.He had left the tickets in the office.
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6 PassageTwo mBNa;6w?{* Questions14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard. )b
=$ ! 14. A. Lack of electricity.
h\1 _$ac B.Shortage of books.
x*YJ :t C.Lack of clean water.
W4N$]D= D.Shortage of experts
0q/g:" |j Bp}<H<@ 15. A. A system which trains doctors.
ON=xn|b4 B.A group of experts who can provide professional advice.
xT@\FwPr C.A computer program which can provide professional advice.
y"7?]#$9/ D.A system which trains computer experts.
?J>^X-z 6Up,B=sX0 16. A. It is not easy to see the shortageof experts in the villages.
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22 B.Many doctors and engineers are sent to the villages to make up for the shortageof experts.
u~G,=n C.Expert medical systems are widely used in developing countries.
2lGq6Au: D.Expert systems are owned by wealthy farmers and businessmen.
s |q B; 1{DHlyA6g PassageThree j88H3bi0 Questions17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard. ;X\!* Loe 17. A. The designer of the White House.
H*l8, * M} B.The first resident of the White House.
qw nC{ C.One of the U.S.presidents.
cP(/+
/9 D.A specialist of American history.
')go/y`YK Pj+XKDV]T 18. A. To add to the beauty of thebuilding.
&!~q#w1W-5 B.To follow the original design.
)u<sEF C.To wipe out the stains left behind by the war.
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A$ D.To make the building look more comfortable.
+`\C_i- p7 |~x@q+ 19. A. Right after it was rebuilt.
`57ffQR9 B.During the administration of John Adams.
Nk]r2^. z[ C.When Theodore Roosevelt was president.
(/c9v8Pr(7 D.After many other names had been given to it.
qdzc"-gH` !30 BZM ^ 20. A. It has been changed several times.
%<K`d B.It has never been changed.
> `u} G1T\ C.It was changed after the War of 1812.
.|cQ0:B[ D.It was changed during Roosevelt’s presidency.
ky z_r6 7LKNEll II. Vocabulary and Structure (15%) s4t>/.;x Directions: Below eachsentence, there are four words marked A, B, C and D. Choose the |UE&M3S one that best completes the sentenceor that is closest in meaning to the vxK} f*d underlined word in the sentence Writethe corresponding letter on your Answer FjVC&+c Sheet. a+IU<O-J?
21. After doing her usualmorning chores, Elisha found herself ___ tired.
A. interestingly B. surprisingly
C. erratically D. forcibly
22. Working frantically underthe pressure of time, Edmondfailed to notice his ___ mistakes.
A. stupid B.inevitable
C. careless D.redundant
23. The ___ objections ofthose who protested against the ruling finally got them thrown out
of the stadium.
A. viral B.vulnerable
C. voluble D. vocal
24. In the feudal society,landlords had the right to beat, ___ or even kill talents at will.
A. abase B.abash
C. abate D.abuse
25. All the colleagues saidthat the caprices of the willful manager had made him a ___ person.
A. candid B.captious
C. canny D.coy
26. It was all right for the school administration not to ___ to thestudents' demand of canceling the terminal examinations.
A. accept B. accede
C. access D.accessory
27. In 1921 many people died in famine --- an extreme scarcity or ___of food. That was really a tragedy.
A. deprivation B. exhaustion
C. starvation D.dearth
28. The world will be advancing with such great speed that our ___ willlook back upon us and our time with a sense of superiority.
A. antecedents B. predecessors
C. descendants D. contemporaries
29. Before taking a standardized test, one should ___ himself orherself with all the items that constitute the test paper.
A. acquaint B. fascinate
C. acquit D.familiar
30. Tom is always lack of self-confidence. His ___ character caused himto miss many golden opportunities.
A. diffident B. ignorant
C. proud D. conceited
31. It has been announced that physicists from different countries willgather in New Yorkfor
a ___ next month.
A. symphony B. symposium
C. symptom D. symmetry
32. Manfred ___ with surethat nine out of ten gentlemen who danced with this charming
young lady wouldfall in love with her.
A. allude B. adduce
C. averred D. advert
33. During the terroristattacks, the authorities ordered to ___ the workers and residents of
high profilebuildings from the constructions.
A. evict B.evoke
C. evacuate D.evade
34. Johnson's businesssurvived on a ___ relationship with only a few customers.
A. tentative B.salient
C. lucrative D.insubstantial
35. After her marriage, thehappy life ___ her appearance, making her look more beautiful
than ever.
A. transfigured B. disfigured
C. disheveled D. transformed
36. Although Guthman was a___ of several campaigns, he had never seen action on the front
lines.
A. veteran B.volunteer
C. victim D.villain
37. The cheerful, livelymelody of dance music ___ almost all the weary soldiers.
A. drained B.diverted
C. renewed D.revived
38. From Willink's ___manner, people can tell that he is of royal birth.
A. boorish B.regal
C. rude D.vulgar
39. Since it was held up only by a single steel cable, the chairliftwas ___ to carry only two people
A. instructed B.obliged
C. intended D.appointed
40. 130 years later, this single wall still stands here in mute ___ tothe Revolution of Paris
Commune in 1873.
A. testimony B.memory
C. tribute D.evidence
41.From his words I supposedthat he was extremely delighted at your invitation.
A. apprehended B. conceded
C. envision D.surmised
42. As is reported, overseventy civilians lost their lives in the following explosion.
A. ensuing B.engrossing
C. enduring D.entangling
43. After living in the same dormitory for half a year, Jane realizedthat Mary's oversen- sitivity was notacquired but inherent.
A. insipid B.inordinate
C. innate D.insane
44. As a highly intelligent person, the diplomat had no difficulty searchingfor the right words to retort.
A. asking B.groping
C. finding D.grouching
45. The service at this restaurant was so slow that when the disheswere finally served we were extremely hungry.
A. ruthless B. ravenous C. rash D.reckless
46. He is my devoted friend, so I ___ tell him the truth.
A. cannot help B. cannotbut
C. may not help D. could but
47. No administrator or supervisor can enter a classroom unless ___ bythe teacher.
A. they are invited B. he is invited
C. inviting D. havingbeing invited
48. I'd just as soon he ___ the party yesterday; he made a mess of it.
A. didn't attend B. attended
C. had attended D. hadn'tattended
49. ___ a certain doubt among the students as to the necessity of anoral English test at the
end of the term.
A. It is existed B. There having existed
C. There exists D. There having been
50. ___ Jenny lives nextdoor to Robert, she ought to know him.
A. If B.Seeing that
C. Although D.Just as
III. Error Detection (5%) BY72 fy#e Directions: There are fourunderlined words or parts marked A, B, C and D in each of the V # =o< following sentences. Choose the onethat you think incorrect, and write the /N] ?>[<NW corresponding letter on your AnswerSheet. td&W>(3d ^. M*pe 51. Learning a foreignLanguage is especially difficult for those who had neverlearned one
A B C D
before.
52. The main stream of a river frequently is dividinginto two or more branches near its mouth.
A B C D
53. For activating the fossilization in English learning,I practice reading, listening, speaking
A B C
and writing as regularly as possible
D
54. Little Jimmy wasconstantly being told not to scratch the paint off the bedroomwall, but
A B
he went on todo it all the same.
C D
55. It's a simple matter to have found the density of agas from its formula.
A B C D
56. Upon questioning the suspect denied having stolendiamonds from the jewelry shop.
A B C D
57. Some of the research experiments to describe inthe text book are easy to carry out.
A B C D
58. Quantum physics lies at a heart of thephysical sciences.
A BC D
59. Despite their length, the horse's neck has the samenumber of vertebrae as a human
A B C D
being's.
60.Night falls more faster in the tropics than in other latitudes.
A B C D
%Gv8 ]Yb T[;O K IV. ReadingComprehension (25%) s=#3f
3 Directions: Read thefollowing five passages carefully, choose the best answer to each 7xz|u\?_2 question from the four choicesgiven, and then write the corresponding letter Ft#d &
I on your Answer Sheet.
Passage One
In Japan, some people play golf on weekends andsome form long lines in the Ginza district towatch first-run foreign films. A knowing few go to the barbershop.
A trip to a Japanesebarbershop is an odyssey into the country's economic miracle, a glimpse at thesame attention to detail that has made "Japan Inc." the envy of thecapitalist world.
It is more than simplygetting a haircut. Customers go to escape the hustle and bustle of Tokyo's frenetic pace.They go to complain about local politics and catch up on the latestneighborhood scuttlebutt.
But most of all, they goto be cranked up high in the barber's chair, to assume for at lest one preciousmoment – regardless of their walk of life---that honorific stature uniquelyrevered in Japan: that of okyakusama, or customer.
So going to thebarbershop here is an outing . The object is not to get it over with as quicklyas possible, American-style, but to prolong the treatment and bask in itssensual pleasures.
No one understands thisbetter than Tanaka-san, who runs a state-of-the-art barbershop just up thestreet from where I live, in the Minami Azabu district. Like much else in Japan,Mr. Tankaka's shop has only recently gone upscale.
Last year, he sold hissmall, old shop, located a few blocks from the new one, for a cool $15.3million. With typical Japanese foresight for investing for the long pull, Mr.Tanaka plowed the proceeds into his spanking new premises.
Mr. Tanaka, 54, has beenin the barbering business for 38 years. Back in 1950, he charged only 35 yen ---not much compared with the 3,200 yen he receives today for a cut and shampoo.At today's exchange rates, $22 for a haircut might seem expensive, but I thinkit's one of the best deals in town.
You always have to waitin line at Mr. Tanaka's shop : He doesn't take reservations because he doesn'tneed to. But when your time comes, Mr. Tanaka directs you to the seat of honor.
Soon his wife isfeverishly shampooing your hair, massaging your scalp with a special brush.While she scrubs, Mr. Tanaka is busy at the next chair, applying the finishingsnips and snaps to another client. This tag-team approach keeps the shoprunning at full capacity.
Mr. Tanaka typicallyspends about 45 minutes cutting your hair, scrutinizing the symmetry of thesideburns with the utmost care. His cutting skills are superb, but it is inconversation that he truly excels. He knows when to talk, when to listen andwhen to utter the drawn-out guttural grunt of approval so common in Japanese.These insightful yet subtle dialogues with his clients create the cornerstoneof Mr.Tanaka's thriving business: the repeat customer, every retailer's dream.
For the rare clientnot "hooked" by pleasant conversation , Mrs. Tanaka's shavingtechnique, with a straight-edged razor, is the showstopper. First, she places ahot towel over your face, then wipes your face with moisturizing oil.
She applies anotherhot towel to remove the oil and lathers you up with warm shaving cream.Finally, she methodically spends fifteen minutes shaving off every last whisker---includingany stray hairs that might have found their way to your forehead or earlobes.The oil and hot-towel procedure is repeated and the reclining customer isgently coaxed into returning to earth.
Foreign businessmentrying to figure our what makes Japan'seconomy so successful might do well to visit a Japanese barbershop. Impeccableservice isn't extra here, it's included the price of admission.
61. Anattention to detail has made "Japan Inc."
A. a good place for tourists
B. a land of many barbershops
C. a prosperous economic power
D. a famous resort
62. InJapanese barbershops, barbers
A. rush customers out
B. never talk about politics
C. talk with customers and work leisurely
D. are rather impatient with customers
63.Relaxation and sensual pleasure are
A. admitted goals of customers
B. not possible in the busy atmosphere
C. not appreciated by hurried customers
D. not available to customers
64.Because Mr. Tanaka's shop is s popular,
A. reservations are required
B. people wait in line
C. he is opening another new store
D. he becomes famous for that
65. Notonly is Mr. Tanaka a good barber, but he is also
A. skilled at conversation
B. an expert in shaving techniques
C. a local politician
D. a psychologist
Passage Two
Mincerva was the goddess of wisdom, but onone occasion she did a very foolish thing; she entered into competition withJuno and Venus for the prize of beauty. It happened thus: At the nuptials ofPeleus and Theetis all the gods were invited with the exception of Eris, orDiscord. Enraged at her exclusion, the goddess threw a golden apple among theguests, with the inscription (题词), "For the fairest." Thereupon Juno, Venus, and Minervaeach claimed the apple. Jupiter, not willing to decide in so delicate a matter,sent the goddesses to Mount Ida, where the beautiful shepherd Paris was tendinghis flocks, and to him was committed the decision. The goddesses accordinglyappeared before him. Juno promised him power and riches, Minerva glory andrenown in war, and Venus the fairest of women his wife, each attempting to biashis decision in her own favor. Parisdecided in favour of Venus and gave her the golden apple, thus making the twoother goddesses his enemies. Under the protection of Venus, Parissailed to Greece,and was hospitably received by Menelaus. king of Sparta. Now Helen, the wife of Menelaus, wasthe very woman whom Venus had destined for Paris, the fairest of her sex. She had beensought as a bride by numerous suitors, and before her decision was made known,they all, at the suggestion of Ulysses, one of their number, took an oath thatthey would defend her from all injury and avenge her cause if necessary. Shechose Menelaus, and was living with him happily when Paris became their guest . Paris aided byVenus, persuaded her to elope （私奔）with him, and carried her to Troy, whence arose the famous Trojanwar, the theme of the greatest poems of antiquity, those of Homer and Virgil.
Menelaus called upon his brother chieftains（首领） of Greece to fulfill theirpledge, and join him in his efforts to recover his wife. They generally came forward,but Ulysses, who had married Penelope, and was very happy in his wife andchild, had no disposition to embark in such a troublesome affair. He thereforehung back and Palamedes was sent to urge him. When Palamedes arrived at IthacaUlysses pretended to be mad. He yoked （用牛轭套住）an ass and an ox together to the plough and began to sow salt.Palamedes, to try him, placed the infant Telemachus before the plough,whereupon the father turned the plough aside, showing plainly that he was nomadman, and after that could no longer refuse to fulfill his promise. Being nowhimself gained for the undertaking, he lent his aid to bring in other reluctantchiefs, especially Achilles. This hero was the son of that Thetis at whosemarriage the apple of Discord had been thrown among the goddesses. Thetis washerself one of the immortals, a sea-nymph (海仙女), and knowing that her son was fated to perish before Troy if hewent on the expedition, she endeavoured to prevent his going . She sent himaway to the court of King Lycomedes, and induced him to conceal himself in thedisguise of a maiden among the daughters of the king. Ulysses, hearing he wasthere, went disguised as a merchant to the palace and offered for sale femaleornaments, among which he had placed some arms. While the king's daughters wereengrossed with the other contents of the merchant' s pack, Achilles handled theweapons and thereby betrayed himself to the keen eye of Ulysses, who found nogreat difficulty in persuading him to disregard his mother's prudent counselsand join his countrymen in the war.
66.Bulfinch describes Jupiter as unwilling to “decide in so delicate a matter”(lines 6), implying
that
A. Jupiter is usually heavy-handed
B. any decision is bound to offend someone
C. Jupiter to overly sensitive.
D. the problems are so obscure that no onecan judge them.
67. Theword disposition (line 22) is used to mean
A. inclination
B. nature
C. integrity
D. value
68. Thesowing of salt is used by Bulfinch to show
A. Ulysses's attempt to be found insane
B. the difficulty of cultivating in rockysoil
C. how the tears of the gods created the sea
D. the god's punishment of those who disobeythem
69.Bulfinch reveals that Thetis is a sea-nymphy in order to explain
A. why she married Peleus
B. why she dislikes the idea of war
C. the effect of the apple of Discord
D. her ability to predict the future
70..Among the chieftains of Greeceapparently are
A. Juno, Venus, and Minerva
B. Paris and Lycomedes
C. Ulysses, Achilles, and Menelaus
D. Eris and Thetis
Passage Three
On the whole, the National Aeronautics andSpace Administration has always treated Mars with respect. American spacecrafthave flown by, orbited and even landed on the Red Planet. What they've neverdone is wound it. If scientists ever hope to understand Mars fully, however,they are going to have to puncture the dry Martiancrust to sample the planetary pulp below. Next week NASA will launch aship that will begin that process.
The first ship of the two-spacecraftmission --- set to fly Dec. 10---is the Mars Climate Orbiter. Arriving inSeptember 1999, the spacecraft will enter an orbit of the planet that traces apath over the Martian poles, allowing it to study the local atmosphere. Itsorbit will position it perfectly to act as a relay satellite for any later shipthat may land on the surface. That’s a good thing, since three weeks or soafter the orbiter leaves Earth, NAS will launch another spacecraft, the moreambitious Mars Polar Lander.
A spindly machine standing 107 cm tall, the lander is set to arrive in December 1999, aiming to touch down nearMars’ south pole, one of the few sports onthe freeze-dried planet that is likely to contain some water. Just beforereaching the Martian atmosphere, the lander will releasea pairs of tapered pods(锥形分离舱) , each about the size ofa basketball, made of brittle silica. Plunging ahead of the ship , theprojectiles will free-fall to the surface and strike the ground at 650 km/h.
The pods are designed to shatter onimpact, releasing a pair of 18-cm probes. Slamming into the surface, the probesare supposed to drive themselves 120 cminto the Martian crust. Once buried, they will deploy tiny drills and beginsampling the chemical makeup of the soil around them. Scientists believe thatchemistry could be remarkably rich. "The surface of Mars has been prettywell sterilized(消毒) byultraviolet radiation," says Sam Thurman, the missions flight-operationsmanager.
Only minutes after the probes hit theground, the lander will follow, descending by parachute and braking engine. Bristlingwith cameras and sensors, it will study Mars' terrain and weather, snappingpictures both during its descent and on the surface. It will also carry amicrophone to record for the first time the sound of the Martain wind. Moreimportant, the ship will be equipped with a robotic arm and scoop , much likethe arms carried aboard the Viking landers in the 1970s. Unlike the Vikings,though, which were able to paw just a few feeble cm into the Martian topsoil,the new ship will dig out a trench nearly 90 cm deep.
How long all this otherworldly hardware willoperate is uncertain. The probes, powered by batteries, should wink out withinthree days. The lander, with robust solar panels to keep it humming, could lastthree months. But even if the systems do not survive that long, their workcould be profound. After all, scientists have spent years studying just theMartian skin; this will be their first chance to dig a little deeper.
71. Welearn from the first paragraph that, in order to have a thorough knowledge ofMars, we
need ___.
A. to treat Mars with more respect than ever
B. to have more spacecraft orbit the Red Planet
C. to protect the Red Planet more carefully and not to wound it
D. to penetrate the crust of the Red Planet to take Martian samples
72.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. The spacecraft that is to arrive inSeptember 1999 contains a pair of tapered pods.
B. Mars Polar Lander will carry out moreimportant missions than Mars Climate Orbiter.
C. The difference between Viking landers andMars Polar Lander is that the former was unable
to land on Mars.
D. The mission of Mars Climate Orbiter is tostudy the local atmosphere and Mars terrain,
snapping pictures both during its descent and on the surface.
73. Theprimary purpose of the passage is to ___.
A. stress the importance of exploring Mars
B. outline the general features of Mars
C. describe in detail the way of landing ofMars Polar Lander
D. introduce the mission of the twospacecraft which are due to launch in 1999.
74. Welearn from the passage that ___.
A. Mars Climate Orbiter will serve as aspace base for any later ship that may land on the
surface of Mars
B. Mars' south pole is more likely tocontain life because it contains water
C. Mars Polar Lander will strike the surfaceof Mars at 650 km/h
D. the chemical makeup of the soil on thesurface of Mars will be similar to that of the earth
75. Fromthe context, we can infer the meaning of "bristling" (line 2, para. 4) may be ___.
A. abundant in B. sending out
C. reacting D.taking up
Passage Four
An outsider approaches the subject lively,lest civic(市民的；城市的) feelings be bruised. Los Angeles gives the impression of having erased much ofits history by allowing the city's development to run unchecked.Insiders like Dolores Hayden...pull no punches: "It is...common," shewrote, "for fond residents to quote Gertrude Stein's sentence about Oakland when summing up urban design in Los Angeles: "There's no there,there.'" Hayden has also acknowledged that Los Angles is generally"the first (American city) singled out as having a problem about sense ofplace." Both statements come from a handsome brochure-cum-itinerary, drawnup by Hayden, Gail Dubrow, and Carolyn Flynn to introduce The Power of Place, alocal nonprofit group with a mission to retrieve some of the city'smisplaced" there."
Founded by Hayden in 1982, The Power ofPlace lays special emphasis on redressing an imbalance in memory---andmemorials. As Hayden has pointed out, in 1987 less than half the population of Los Angeles wasAnglo-American; yet almost 98 percent of the city's cultural historic landmarkswere devoted to the history and accomplishments of Anglo-Americans. Even thesepersonages(名人，要人) comefrom a narrow spectrum of achievers---in Hayden's phrase, "a smallminority of landholders, bankers, business leaders, and their architects"----almost all of whom were male...
The likeliest explanation for thisunder-representation may be an urban variation on the great-man theory ofhistory: History is what public figures do, and by their civic monuments shallyou know them ---especially the structures they designed or built. In Hayden'sview, however, "The task of choosing a past for Los Angeles is a politicalas well as historic and cultural one, " and the unexamined preference forarchitecture as the focus of historic preservation efforts can slight lessconscious but perhaps equally powerful human forces. Hayden's goal has been tosupplement the city's ample supply of mono-cultural landmarks and memorialswith others representing its ethnic and gender-based diversity. Accordingly,some sites need new status as official land-marks, others needreinterpretation. Other sites no longer contain structures emblematic(作为标志的) of their histories or arelocated in blighted neighborhoods; these do not readily lend themselves toresuscitation (复兴)throughrenovation and commercial development , as preservationists have managedelsewhere.
The Power of Place has identified nineplaces on which to concentrate in the first phase of its work: development of awalking tour of little-known Los Angeles sites, for which The Power of Place brochureserves as a guide.
The Power of Place brochure concludes itssummary of what is known about each stop on the walking tour with a postscript（附言）called Placemaking, whichdescribes the site's current status and suggests ways to make it more smellingof its past. For the vineyard/grove complex, the current situation is not unusual:"Present uses...are commercial and industrial." Then comes word ofwhat seems to be a minor miracle: "One tall slender grapefruit free...hasbeen preserved and relocated in the courtyard of the Japanese American Culturaland Community Center..." Suggestions for recapturing more of the pastproposed by The Power of Place include returning orange trees to the Wolfskillsite and installing historical markets on the Vignes site.
76. Theauthor uses the phrase "civic feelings" (line 1 ) to mean the
A. loyalty or faith of a city's residents totheir city
B. emotions that breed courtesy and goodbehavior
C. respect for each other shown by peoplewho think of themselves as civilized
D. defensiveness that city residentssometimes.
77. Whatis the danger of allowing the development of Los Angeles to "run unchecked"? (line3 )
A. The roadways will become overrun withtraffic.
B. Developers will use up all suitablefarming land.
C. Smog will become an even biggerenvironmental concern.
D. Much of the city's cultural history willbe lost to modernization.
78. Withwhich of the following statements about the people memorialized by mostexisting Los
Angeles monuments would Dolores Hayden be most likely to agree?
I. They were usually of a higher social class than were the peoplehighlighted by The Power
of Place
II. Their accomplishments are moreconspicuous than are those of the people highlighted by
The Power of Place.
III. They made greater contributions to theeconomic development of Los Angelesthan did
the people highlighted by The Power of Place.
A. I only
B. I, II, and III
C. I and III
D. I and II
79.Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes Hayden's viewon historic
preservation, as those views are described in the passage?
A. Political and economic considerations should have no place in thedesignation of cultural
and historic landmarks
B. Plants and other natural phenomena makebetter historic landmarks than do buildings and
other human artistic works.
C. Some parts of history cannot bememorialized in surviving buildings and landmarks, so
new ways must be found to more fully recapture the past.
D. The homes and workplaces of workingpeople should be preserved whenever possible
because the history of working people is more important than that ofso-called "great
men."
80. Inthe author's view, all of the following would most likely be undervaluedcultural landmarks
EXCEPT:
A. trees growing naturally in this place
B. endangered species of animal and plant life
C. historic buildings in old and torn areas
D. city hall
Passage Five
Compared to animals, plants present uniqueproblems in demographic studies. The idea of counting living individualsbecomes difficult given perennials that reproduce vegetatively by sending outrunners or rhizomes, by splitting at the stem base, or by producing archingcanes that take root where they touch the ground. In these ways someindividuals, given sufficient time, can extend out over a vast area.
There are five typical plant life spans,and each has a basic associated life form. Annual plants live for 1 yearor less. Their average life span is 1-8 months, depending on the species and onthe environment where they are located (the same desert plant may complete itslife cycle in 8 months one year, and in 1 month the next, depending on theamount of rain it receives). Annuals with extremely short life cycles areclassified as ephemeral plants. An example of an ephemeralis Boerrhaviarepens of the Sahara Desert, which can go fromseed to seed in just 10 days. Annuals are herbaceous, which means that theylack a secondary meristem that produces lateral, woody tissue. They completetheir life cycle after seed production for several reasons: nutrient depletion,hormone changes, or inability of nonwoody tissue to withstand unfavorableenvironmental conditions following the growing season. A few species canpersist for more than a year in uncommonly favorable conditions.
Biennial plants are alsoherbaceous, but usually live for 2 years. Their first year is spent invegetative growth, which generally takes place more below ground than above.Reproduction occurs in the second year, and this is followed by the completionof the life cycle. Under poor growing conditions, or by experimentalmanipulation, the vegetative stage can be drawn out for more than 1 year.
Herbaceous perennials typically live for20-30years, although some species have been known to live for 400-800 years.These plants die back to the root system and root crown at the end of eachgrowing season. The root system becomes woody, but the above-ground system isherbaceous. They have a juvenile, vegetative stage for the first 2-8 years,then bloom and reproduce yearly. Sometimes they bloom only once at theconclusion of their life cycle. Because herbaceous perennials have no growthrings, it is difficult to age them. Methods that have been used to age theminclude counting leaf scars or estimating the rate of spread in tussock(clumped) forms.
Suffrutescent shrubs (hemixyles)fall somewhere between herbaceous perennials and true shrubs. They developperennial, woody tissue only near the base of their stems; the rest of theshoots system is herbaceous and dies back each year. They are small, and areshort-lived compared to true shrubs.
Woody perennials (trees and shrubs)have the longest life spans. Shrubs live on the average 30-50 years. Broadleaftrees (angiosperm) average 200-300 years, and conifer (needles) trees average500-1000 years. Woody perennials spend approximately the first 10% of theirlife span in a juvenile, totally vegetative state before they enter a combinedreproductive and vegetative state, achieving a peak of reproduction severalyears before the conclusion of their life cycle.
Regardless of the life span, annual orperennial, one can identify about eight important age states in an individualplant or population. They are: (1) viable seed, (2) seedling, (3) juvenile, (4)immature, (5) mature, (6) initial reproductive, (7) maximum vigor (reproductiveand vegetative), and (8) senescent. If a population shows all eight states, itis stable and is most likely a part of a climax community. If it showsonly the last four states, it may not maintain itself and may be part of a seralcommunity.
81. Theauthor believes that plants present "unique problems in demographicstudies" (line 1)
because ________.
A. they cannot be aged accurately
B. it is difficult to define and identifyan individual
C. many have very short lifespans
D. there has been little interest in suchstudies
82. Thebest definition of ephemeral (line 5 ) might be
A. resilient
B. short-lived
C. awkward
D. uncomplicated
83.Annual and perennial are names of
A. plant life spans
B. plant species
C. woody plants
D.plant age states
84.Paragraph 5 deals mainly with
A. suffrutescent shrubs
B. a form of tree shrub
C. a form of herbaceous perennial
D. a woody biennial
85.Which of the following is a woody perennial?
A. a tulip
B. a fern
C. a strawberry
D. an oak
V. Translation (25%) "(> P= A. There is a short English paragraph below. You are required totranslate it into ECWn/4Aws Chinese on the Answer Sheet. (11%) U5[
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In the eighteenth century the word"revolution" came to have a new meaning. Traditionally it meant onlya change in the composition of government and not necessarily a violent one.Observers could speak of a "revolution" occurring at a particularcourt when one minister replaced another. After 1789 this changed. People cameto see that year as the beginning of a new sort of revolution, a real rupturewith the past, characterized by violence, by limitless possibilities forfundamental change, social, political and economic, and began to think, too,that this new phenomenon might transcend national boundaries and have somethinguniversal and general about it. Even those who disagreed very much about thedesirability of such a revolution could none the less agree that this new sortof revolution existed and that it was fundamental to the politics of their age.
It would be misleading to seek to group allthe political changes of this period under the rubric of "revolution"conceived in such terms as these . But we can usefully speak of an "age ofrevolution" for two reasons.
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当今，人们心中存在的末日感并不是出于对科学的恐惧，而是对战争的恐怕。科学并不是引发战争的原因，科学并未制造过战争，但它却使战争变得面目全非。科学扩大了战争的机制，并扭曲了战争的形态。它从两个方面改变了战争。首先，科学显然成倍地增强了战争制造者的威力。现代武器与过去相比，杀伤力更强，手段更残忍。其次，科学为国家之间发生纷争提供了新的起因。科学创造了剩余财富(surplus)， 而战争正是靠这种剩余财富扩大升级（escalate) 。剩余财富不仅是某些国家孜孜以求的目标，而且也使他们能抽出时间进行军事训练，并向他们提供财力为战争进行装备。
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