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主题 : 考博英语语法重点总结
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楼主  发表于: 2014-03-22   
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考博英语语法重点总结

考博英语语法重点总结 Xs~'M/> O  
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 <Ht"t]u*Bn  
独立主格特征 w:5?ofC  
1. 充当句子的状语。 9{u=  
2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 M gXZN{  
3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 #`VAw ) eV  
4.  With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) !"N,w9MbD  
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. dKzG,/1W[m  
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. S%iK);  
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). ,b*?7R  
真题剖析 $94lF~  
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are   46   of the material which would  47  feed them. LCivZ0?|X  
  45. A. For    B. As     C. With     D. Because (Ceruo S  
练习:Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. 287j,'vR  
8. A. is       B. having        C. being        D. be o%_-u +  
虚拟语气 p:~#(/GWf  
虚拟语气(2) Jh-yIk  
1. (should)+动词原形 bBi>BP =  
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 %3`* )cp@  
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 @NM0ILE  
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 "yu{b]AU  
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 W>jKWi,{  
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 xm {?h,U,  
       would rather +动词过去式 Ic'D# m  
真题剖析 7J);{ &x9h  
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I  47  say that teaching is hard work . … wq?"NQ?O<  
   47. A. do   B. did   C. don’t   D. didn’t ~cm4e>o  
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration  52 , and they    53  that the professor be sent home. -b!?9T?}  
53. A. ordered   B. pleaded   C. decided  D. demanded *$9U/  d  
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. tR!C8:u  
15. A. took       B. would take     C. will take      D. should take 02,t  
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. Yi9Y`~J  
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) }1 O"?6  
54.A. shall   B.will    C.would    D.should Q&I #  
非谓语动词 `oMZ9Gq2E  
动名词、分词、不定式。 k~ )CJ6}  
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) ^li3*#eT  
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) (VO' Kd  
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 jG ouwta  
真题剖析 {` ):X_$T  
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies  60  into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. jTS8 qu  
60. A. dropped  B. to drop  C. dropping  D.drops 5@RcAQb:  
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a  59  life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 4Q!%16 P  
59. A. destructive   B. dissatisfied    C. damaged     D. derivative P<>NV4  
主谓一致 '9QEG/v  
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 Bvvja C  
   How you got there doesn’t concern me. -~c-mt  
   Growing vegetables needs constant watering. yMdu Zmkc  
2.  表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 Y-8BL  
   Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on.    8d$|JN;)  
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 E-1u_7  
4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 mxEe -q  
   Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). p9jC- &:  
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 ,|z@ Dy  
   Everyone knows that you’ve come here. PK|qiu-O&*  
   If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.    (--thing 的情况例外) T }{zh  
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) ? #a&eW  
   He no less than John is interested in literature. \A^8KVE!  
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) q~#>MB}".  
   Either my father or my brothers are coming.    xKUWj<+/  
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 8D>5(Dg-  
   Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ` Ft-1eE  
真题剖析 (gY W iz  
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,  54 of urbanization ever recorded. E5A"sB   
   53. A. none   B. few   C. any   D. some    1.u^shc&|  
倒装 4<tbZP3/6)  
全部倒装 tBkgn3w  
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” v6DjNyg<x  
  There stand big buildings in this district. vn*K\,  
  Here on the desk lies a pile of books. s]e `q4ip  
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) yp4[EqME  
   In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. E$z-|-{>  
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 66-\}8f8a  
   In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. Wm"q8-<<  
4. 表语位于句首 [(g2u @  
  Especially remarkable was his flat nose. g||EjCsp  
  Not far from here is a famous university. MCTJ^ g"D  
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 W4av?H  
  She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. ah<p_qe9|  
  Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. q2F `q. j  
6. 分词短语位于句首(分词+be +主语) .7 )oWd!  
  Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. &/Gn!J;1  
部分倒装 R}w}G6"\  
1. 疑问句 <sm"3qs"_  
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首(作形容词时例外) 49>b] f,Vc  
   Never did John speak rudely to his parents. P@GU2[1  
3. “only+状语”位于句首 'bLP#TAzf  
   Only when he comes back can be leave. f?^-JZ  
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 *k#"@  
  No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. 55ec23m  
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no  circumstances, on no account…) fsK=]~<g  
   By no means should you break the rules. `peR,E  
   At no time should we give in to difficulties. )M"NMUuU"  
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首)    V,VL?J\  
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though(尽管,虽然)+be动词” E0VAhN3G\  
   Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. {R63n  
   Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
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