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兰州大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

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兰州大学 2007 年考博英语试题 Y^-D'2P]P  
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注意:答案请一律写在答题纸上,写在试题上无效。 3e ?J#;  
Part One Structure and Vocabulary (40%) EWK?vs  
Directions: In this part there are two sections In Section One, you are to choose x9i^ _3Z  
from the four choices under each sentence the one which is similar in meaning to the "5b4fQ ;x  
underlined part of the sentence. And in Section Two, you are to choose the one that nXAGwU8a  
can beat complete the sentence in question. \ fSo9$  
Section I ^7i P!-w/  
1. An important function of early stone took was to extract highly nutritious food bsdT>|gW  
from large animal carcasses w" ,ab j  
h )h%y )1  
A. destroy EFz Pt?l  
rbc7CPq_^  
B. identify  C. remove 9O|k|FD  
fR#W#n#m  
D. compare >Y=qSg>Ik  
0 `$fs.4c  
2 Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and &}!AjA)  
highways as well as with urban affairs EpB3s{B"  
Iwe  
A. outlandish Sv t%*j  
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B. remote zvR; Tl6]  
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C exempted D. exclusive dZuPR  
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3. Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass- or TTD#ovo'  
soap-making cither would do. ?D['>Rzu  
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A. advantageous B. convenient 2?kVbF  
EAV6qW\r5]  
C. identifiable g1I8_!} ~  
H^<?h6T  
D. equivalent {hVc,\A  
z[l_<`J$9  
4. With the dawn of space exploration, the notion that atmospheric conditions on V\=%u<f  
Earth may be unique in the system was strengthened N5 mhs#  
<.:mp1,8V  
A. continuation T'a&  
8=u88?Bh  
B. beginning C. expansion  D. outcome 3{M0iNc1  
B$MHn?  
5. When the glaciers thawed after the last ice age% the five Great Lakes of North Ls'8  
America were formed #rQT)n  
\m(>Q  
A. melted Z/LYTo$Bz  
wlpcuz@  
B. advanced jvhD_L/  
x\pygzQ/  
C evaporated f{U,kCv  
j-v/;7s/B  
D. exploded 4%7Oaf>9  
m5 l&  
6. New York is a shopper's paradise whether one wants to spend large sums of ^_/gM[H.  
money in elegant department stores or rifle though goods displayed on street jF-0fK;)*  
barrows P_(< ?0 l  
wrVR[v>E<  
A. a fortune B. a dime *_"lXcG.  
g_?bWm4br  
C. much 4"eeEs h  
+f,I$&d.V  
D. quite lot BJjxy0+  
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7. During the rainy season the Mississippi River may carry away hundreds of acres lr$,=P`  
of valuable topsoil from one area and arbitrarily deposit it in another. <Ys7`e6eY  
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A. lawfully 'Me(qpsq  
Mm%b8#Fe!  
B. subsequently e*o:ltP./  
0p=  
C. randomly [yVcH3GcjI  
U!T#'H5'-  
D. mercilessly EI@ep~  
+'UxO'v3]  
8. Over six million citizens of the United States collect benefits from private pension g$mqAz<  
plans each year. "~T06 !F45  
A. nongovernmental   B. unauthorized D66!C{  
`(8RK  
C. confidential #M92=IH  
o Hrx$>W]  
D. nontransferable -3C$br  
g")pvK[e  
9. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the overwhelming majority are 42 Sk`  
Dormant =[o/D0-Kn  
#4!6pMW(&7  
A. uncharted VM"*@T  
NjSjE_S2B8  
B. unpredictable :#UN^"(m}  
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C. minor Fi"TY^-E;  
]BBjFs4#  
D. inactive ^X slj  
e6^iakSd.L  
10. The lymphatic system includes a network of tiny capillaries that lie adjacent to YCNpJGM  
the fine blood vessels. }C&kzJBEF  
N9cUlrDO  
A. independent of B. near %:[Y/K-   
n\H.NL)  
C. obscured by :@+@vM;gh  
WK6|e [iP  
D. within ?:sQ]S/Er  
u< .N\/  
11. One of California's most acute problems is an inadequate water supply. #[Vk#BIiv8  
u\|Ys  
A. critical N^K@$bs4^  
X.!|#FWb+  
B. unusual yS(tF`H[  
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C. persistent `?:X-dh_  
k/V:QdD Sb  
D. unexpected _ ?Z :m  
o9uir"=  
12. It is estimated that at one time there existed from one to two thousand American Ie8jBf -  
Indian languages and at least as many cultures, each different in some respect from W02swhS  
all the others. \d{S3\7  
B>W!RyH8o  
A. prospect @^kt[$X;  
Acib<Mi2!-  
B. stages ,\n%e'  
9N]V F'  
C. aspect )X-/0G=N-  
wsLfp82  
D. activity x>=8~wIK  
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13. The eardrum, a taut membrane located at the end of the ear canal, separates the APBe 76'3)  
outer ear from the inner ear. Z>zW83a  
OwM.N+ z#T  
A lightly tinted jh&WL  
u$?t |Ll  
B. tightly stretched C. somewhat opaque D. delicately made R s)Nz< d  
sAz]8(Fi0  
14. It was commonly felt that the purchase of Alaska by the United State in 1867 m'i^BE  
was foolish. 78 W &  
\6U$kMGde  
A. requiring yl[6b1  
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B. sending C. buying  D. applying 1 Xi.OGl  
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15. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that %"0g}tK6  
prevail in the forests. `Mp-4)mn  
A dominate   B. rebuild C. invade  D. tend Ce0YO~I  
16. In frogs and toads,the tongue is fixed to the front of the mouth in order to ~Z#jIG<?g  
facilitate projecting it at some distance, greatly in aiding in capture of insects. 7pY7iR_  
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A proscribing B. protruding oG_-a(N  
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C. provoking  qg+bh  
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D. protracting |#. J  
# ,KjJ  
17. Stare twinkle as a result of the turbulent stale of the air through which their light hvS4"% \  
passes. k7gm)}RKcu  
9a* }&fL[  
A. in addition to B. in spite of   C. because of dlx "L%  
*"pf3x6  
D. with regard to  H?(I-vO  
%;r0,lN|II  
18. Most meat-eating animals use their teeth to seize and kill prey. *)jhhw=34  
n^U u6  
A. attacker FesXY856E  
f;nO$h[Qb  
B. nourishment   C. enemies X. =%  
! Cpy )D(  
D. victims k yFq  
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19. It is ridiculous to become angry about such an insignificant matter, =wEqI)Td  
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A. absurd oA ;sP'  
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B. nourishment C. tragic D. unpardonable .<<RI8A  
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20. How many people are aware that a dancer with New York City Ballet typically J m5).  
wears out a minimum of two hundred pairs of toe shoes per year? c?;YufH'j  
q;^Q1[Ari  
A. only ]>33sb S6  
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B. at least C. exactly KkIxtFM  
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D. fewer than L*Gk1'  
xH\#:DLY  
Section II (20%) X#bK.WN$  
21. Not until the eighteenth century _____the complex chemistry of metallurgy. ']N1OVw^vf  
A. when scientists began to appreciate gH+s)6  
B. did scientists begin to appreciate 0%Y8M` ~s7  
C. scientists who were beginning to appreciate K/Q%tr1W0  
D. the appreciation of scientists began m4 4"qp  
22. Pewte, ____ for eating and drinking utensils in colonial America, is about ^dR="N  
ninety percent tin with copper or bismuth added for hardness. A &d67,&B  
" vW4"R6  
A. widely used it -W/Lg5eK  
C. which widely used K}vP0O}  
S,ENbP%0r  
B. was widely used ?5N7,|K)  
D. widely used q X"Pg  
5^,"Ve|  
23. Lyndon B. Johnson was the only United States President whose oath of office Jv,*rQH  
____   by a woman, Judge Sarah Tilghman Hughes. b"DV8fdX  
X j>?P/=Z  
A. was administered mMNT.a  
C. was accomplished ;?{N=x8  
'ie+/O@G  
B. being directed 1}7Q2Ad w  
D. of administration was "^Ax}Jr  
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24. Protein digestion begins in the stomach _____ ends in the small intestine. j3Sz+kOf,  
~7G@S&<PK(  
A. when LX!MDZz  
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B. while !.EDQ1k  
V-7A80!5  
C. and URo#0fV4C  
Iq[ d5)M4  
D. because vNA~EV02  
U WU PY  
25. ___fee growth of manufacturing and other industries, the economy of the state of ] 'B4O1  
Texas has remained heavily dependent on oil and gas. K:JM*4W  
x\R%hGt  
A. As $Lc-}m9n  
:~ ; 48m  
B. Despite H!81Pq~  
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C. Though kWKAtv5@w  
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D. In case dBG5IOD  
]iHSU P  
26. Probably at about the same time speech, ____laughter originated too. }TD oQ]P  
A. increased B. brought about C. evolved D. resulted B']}n`g  
27. The United States Capitol building in Washington D.C, is ____in a small park 0+m4 }]6l  
surrounded by a number of impressive government buildings. ]T<\d-!CZN  
ol#4AU`  
A. located gc"A Tc  
_C&XwC Im  
B- secluded tT`{xM  
/f Ui2[y  
C formed D. spotted P6 ~& ,a  
Ae3=o8p  
28. In earlier times there were more sheep in the South of New Zealand than in the G{!adBna  
North; now, ____ to cross-bred flocks, the reverse is the case. 6EY W:o  
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A. in increase attention xC^|S0B  
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B. with increasing attention hI}rW^o^  
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C. with attention increasing L`@)*x)~R  
;]I~A GH:  
D. in attention O@7={)6qc  
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29. Researchers ____ that when people are mentally engaged biochemical changes K=Y{iHn  
occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively. 'joE-{  
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A. have brought about Fb^f`UI  
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B. had set up 3 uJ>:,~r  
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C have established D. had put up whb,2=gIE  
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30. Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enables us to get along with one Hr/3nq}.  
another and ___ where we in society.   68YJ@(iS  
k`;&??  
A. to determine NoD\t(@h  
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B. determine yr, Oq~e  
_^Yav.A=  
C. to the determination O9jpt>:kZ  
fNNik7  
D. by determining ~h@<14c{X  
\r^*4P,,  
31. If pollution continues to increase _____the present rate, formation of aerosols in bP3S{Jt-|  
the atmosphere will cause the onset of an ice age in about fifty years time. lgei<\6~n5  
w/Ej>OS  
A. with !Q" 3B6 86  
xGVL|/?8  
B. in FEq R7  
oMer+=vH  
C. by n3LCQ:]T f  
/m+q!yi &  
D. at mbCY\vEl  
{nl 4(2$  
32. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with____ that there were Bp:i[9w  
fewer calories in every slice. SYZS@o  
A. message B. the message C. messages D. information +ziQ]r2g  
33. Americans view business _____based on the ideal of competition than other (y;8izp9!  
institutions in society. ~IP3~m D  
A. being as more firmly    B. as more firmly i][af  
C. as being more firmly    D. as is more firmly Vg^@6zU  
34. By 1872 the United States had 70 engineering colleges, ____astonishing @vcvte  
expansion credited largely to the Morrill Act of 1862. {2,OK=XM|  
|Lz:i +;  
A was |[]"{Eo"}  
5 LZ+~!2+  
B. because 3"OD"  
,'69RL?-Wg  
C. to which !ENb \'>J>  
.sk$@Q  
D. an "jyh.@<  
HBc^[fJ^-  
35. When used as food additives, antioxidants prevent fats and oils ____rancid when a ykNH>#Po  
exposed to air, and thus extend their shelf life. T;u>]"S  
ZxRD+`  
A. from becoming B. becoming ~+GMn[h  
7TC=$y ,  
C. to become   D. to becoming h6dVT9  
8R6!SB  
36. Parents should realize that ‘‘example is better than ____” }"'^.FG^_  
fi2@`37PM  
A. statement HZ1e~IIw  
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B. lesson C. proverb D. precept C>qKKLZ  
&.Jp,Xt)  
37. Arabian camels are usually about 7 feet high and generally sandy-colored, T{iv4`'  
_____sometimes they are white, various shades of brown or black. pOCLyM9c  
A but that    B. though  C. however   D. therefore I]]3=?Y  
38. ____they sometimes swim alone, dolphins usually congregate in large groups, A&2)iQ  
often numbering in the hundreds. }/yhwijg  
OgiE lA.  
A. Even !`k{Ga  
McgTTM;E  
B. Why .O{2]e$  
_( }{=:M?  
C. Although wjF/c  
9=j"kXFf  
D. Nevertheless SSKn7`  
W2 7EU/+3  
39. ___in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water. 1Z?en  
}@Ij}Ab>  
A Plants are widely spaced uoYG@L2  
/2K4ka<?7  
B. The wide spacing of plants O+Fu zCWj  
#YM5P  
C. The spacing of plants is wide F$UvYy4O d  
hBf0kl  
D. Plants to be spaced widely $9DV }  
wR\Y+Z   
40. Faults in the Earth's crust are most evident in sedimentary formations, Z5re Fok  
_____interrupt previously continuous layers. nc#}-}`5  
lC Bb0k2  
A. by which P#(BdKjM  
=B g  
B. which it Y<0;;tVf4U  
*2ZX*w37  
C. where they D. thus it &FF%VUfQJ  
v1Tla]d  
Part Two Translation ^s/Hb CA  
Section I (From English into Chinese) CM+Nm(|\,  
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined ;*^ 2,_  
sentences into Chinese. (20%) @:\Iw"P  
(1) Drr . Claude Shannon of Bell Telephone Laboratories, and his colleague, E. F. ~Rd,jfx  
Moore, once built a machine to play the game known as Hex, using an analog j^#4!Ue  
computer working on electrical voltages. It beat them about 70 per cent of the time. xT7JGQ[|  
“It frequently surprised its designers by selecting odd-looking moves which, on v#1}( hb  
analysis, proved sound," Shannon comments. u`I&&  
(2) Each of these mechanical game-players is said to “learn” because it is so | +osEHC  
programmed that it follows the Boolean algebra pattern, discovering by sad r(;sX  
experience that one thing or another doesn't work and profiting by mistake. One of oc+TsVt  
Shannon's more fantastic triumphs is the magnetized ‘"mouse” which, when placed fgrflW$  
in a complicated maze consisting of partitions, is supposed to find the one and the NUBf>~_}  
only path to the “cheese.” On the first try the mouse will stumble aimlessly around npC:SrI%  
running into one wall after another. Eventually,by repeated try and error, it will bBwQ1,c$  
locate the cheese.   %M8 m 8 )  
If the mouse is given a second try, it will go straight to the cheese without S B2R  
hitting a single blind alley. It will, do it from any part of the maze. (3) Moreover, if dm8N;r/w  
its trainer changes the maze on it by relocating the partitions, the mouse blunders }+/j/es{]  
only where the terrain has become unfamiliar. It can recognize at once positions that jc rLUs+\  
have not been changed. Eventually the mouse learns enough to forget all former 1vKAJ<4W  
arrangements and remember only the latest, successful ones. cP#vzFB0>  
(4) The mouse itself does not think, but it is difficult to argue against the thinking :;Z?2P5i  
done by the electromagnet and computer that drive the mouse. The device does have ]fxYS m  
the ability to distinguish between right and wrong, and to revise its standards on the L=g(w$H  
basis of its own experience. Nfv.v1Tt+  
Probably the clearest difference between man and machine is a quantitative one.  ?'>pfU  
The brain has roughly a million times as many parts as the best computer. On the w[ )97d  
other hand, the difference may lie in a spiritual factor, embraced by religion. (5) At $?x;?wS0V  
any rate, machine cannot exercise free will or originate anything — not ye t Whether it MZJ@qIg[Y  
ever will is still an open argument CMu/n]?c  
SectionII (From Chinese into English) fkKk/M> 1  
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined a-[:RJW  
sentences into English. (20%) {HF ,F=W  
在中国的西北边陲,在新疆的天山南北,有一支拥有百万军垦战士,肩负“屯垦戍边”使 W20qn>{z  
命的接师,——新疆生产建设兵团。 X(r$OZ  
(6)这是世界上独一无二的兵团。兵团釆取军事建制,战士却不穿军装,从事生产建设                                     。 4hl`~&yDf  
(7)兵团成立 45 年来,百万军垦战士在沙漠边绘的荒原上栽种了几亿棵树,创建设了 172 mFk6a{+YX  
个、面积达数万亩的绿洲.在世界第二大沙漠塔克拉玛千沙漢和古尔班通古特沙漠的边缘, 8PRKSJ[@K  
兵团创建了“人进沙退”的奇连,他们的存在,使中国辽阔的西北边陲, 铸起了一道绿色 )t?_3'W  
的“界碑”. cc0e(\  
(8)45 年前,驻新藏中国人民解放军 10 万零 5 千官兵就地转业,成立新疆军区生产建设 K>a@AXC  
兵团。从 60 年代初开始,又有大批的军队复转官兵从内地调来,大批的知识 育年抅入兵 y [jck:  
团,他们的到来壮大了兵团的臥伍,也为兵团注入了新的活力.现在第三代兵团也己经幵 1r:i'cW h  
始加入这个行列. w^EUBRI-  
今天,我们在新疆生产建设兵团看到的是悠悠绿洲和一派丰收景象。在兵团里,每—个老 rl__3q  
战士都能讲述一段兵团人早期艰苦创业的历史. ~;AJB  
(9)“新疆占袓国版图的六分之一,我们绝不能让这里的国土是一片荒原!”这是 张仲 ]y kMh  
翰将军在率部队进军新疆准备屯田时的讲话,也是十几万解放军官兵进入新疆时的蜇言。 }LA7ku  
兵团官兵节衣缩食,艰苦奋斗,用节约下来的钱购买家具,在戈壁荒原上开辟出了 — ]r&dWF  
个个绿洲:使历史上被称为“死亡之海”的塔里木盆地的边缘,变成了稻谷跃香鱼 满塘 }L|cg2y  
的“塞外江南”。 ^2f2g>9j_C  
不久前,一位世界银行的高级官员在参观了薪疆兵团生机勃勃的机械化农场后赞扬 <jz\U7TBf  
说:(10) “这是我所见到的最成功的农业开发,这是中国人的一个伟大创举,也是世界 Y I?4e7Z+  
的一个奇迹。” :c/](M  
b%_[\((  
Part Three Writing (20%) 1)N~0)dO  
Directions: }uo .N  
Title:THE EXAMINATION CHEATING %YLyh?J  
Time limit 50 minutes _ry7 [/)  
Word Limit: 250 — 200 words /4{.J=R}  
Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below. p+.{ "%  
Your composition should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. \f- HfYG  
OUTLINE: JQO%-=t  
1. The problem of cheating in schools and colleges XJ *W7HD  
2. Causes of examination cheating PvkHlb^x%  
3. My comments *#&s+h,^  
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