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兰州大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

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兰州大学 2007 年考博英语试题 d IB }_L  
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注意:答案请一律写在答题纸上,写在试题上无效。 W<b-r^9?s  
Part One Structure and Vocabulary (40%) d5m `Bm-{  
Directions: In this part there are two sections In Section One, you are to choose al^!,ykc  
from the four choices under each sentence the one which is similar in meaning to the 5]Da{Wmgs  
underlined part of the sentence. And in Section Two, you are to choose the one that D56<fg$  
can beat complete the sentence in question. cu9Qwm  
Section I F iAY\4  
1. An important function of early stone took was to extract highly nutritious food qa'gM@]  
from large animal carcasses ixfdO\nU  
B|Wk?w.{r\  
A. destroy ^q[gxuL_  
qv2!grp]*W  
B. identify  C. remove PO-"M)M  
U]6&b  
D. compare e79KbLV  
Jl<ns,Zg  
2 Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and ~eh0[mF^]  
highways as well as with urban affairs 3\$wdUFr  
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A. outlandish #$ thPZ  
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B. remote p]G3)s@>  
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C exempted D. exclusive AG6K daJ  
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3. Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass- or <X7\z  
soap-making cither would do. TbVn6V'  
/* )Tl   
A. advantageous B. convenient N!&:rK  
f2I6!_C!+  
C. identifiable bJ /5|E?  
m#e 3%150{  
D. equivalent _~'+Qe_o$5  
+_l^ #?o,  
4. With the dawn of space exploration, the notion that atmospheric conditions on ksR1k vTm  
Earth may be unique in the system was strengthened CO+/.^s7}S  
Ucw yxX I  
A. continuation `Y BkF  
 |J5 =J  
B. beginning C. expansion  D. outcome lK7m=[ j  
,3i,P(?(  
5. When the glaciers thawed after the last ice age% the five Great Lakes of North >JwLk[=j  
America were formed >x1p%^cA;=  
KW^<,qt5w  
A. melted &;TJ~r#K  
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B. advanced 9Z "+?bv/  
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C evaporated ?L) !pP]  
Joe_P S  
D. exploded `Pn[tuIO  
t>)45<PEw  
6. New York is a shopper's paradise whether one wants to spend large sums of L)QE`24  
money in elegant department stores or rifle though goods displayed on street YV4#%I!<  
barrows ~tFqb<n  
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A. a fortune B. a dime %?C8mA'w  
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C. much AwUi+|7r])  
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D. quite lot %h"z0@+  
(m[bWdANnW  
7. During the rainy season the Mississippi River may carry away hundreds of acres vR6Bn  
of valuable topsoil from one area and arbitrarily deposit it in another. ixm&aW6<  
}V;+l8  
A. lawfully 22P$ ~ch  
o'<^LYSnB  
B. subsequently ;!< Znw  
ZPN roCK`  
C. randomly 2g9 G{~,@g  
6C4'BCYW(  
D. mercilessly U!%!m'  
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8. Over six million citizens of the United States collect benefits from private pension C.^Ven  
plans each year.  HBys  
A. nongovernmental   B. unauthorized ?.c;oS|  
) yY6rI;:  
C. confidential bk<\ujH  
fW`&'!  
D. nontransferable 8;y&Pb~)  
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9. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the overwhelming majority are YJs|c\eq?  
Dormant -S,ln  
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A. uncharted 2,vB'CAI  
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B. unpredictable "'^4*o9  
q(5j(G ;  
C. minor #U=X NU}k  
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D. inactive )CI1 ;  
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10. The lymphatic system includes a network of tiny capillaries that lie adjacent to ; )Kh;;e  
the fine blood vessels. _<$>*i R  
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A. independent of B. near TUT][ =.=  
@ZN^1?][  
C. obscured by dk QaM@  
ULc`~]  
D. within %2'A pp  
g u)=wu0  
11. One of California's most acute problems is an inadequate water supply. IYWjH E+)d  
yix'rA-T  
A. critical z|G9,:9  
oR N-xng  
B. unusual X u"R^  
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C. persistent 2c<&eX8"  
< `qRA]  
D. unexpected EG'[`<*h  
qLncn}oNM  
12. It is estimated that at one time there existed from one to two thousand American nmlPX7!{$  
Indian languages and at least as many cultures, each different in some respect from GZ!| }$ 8  
all the others. k)S.]!u&G  
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A. prospect e{({|V '  
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B. stages 3 <|`0pt}  
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C. aspect +&tgJ07A  
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D. activity J MX6yV  
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13. The eardrum, a taut membrane located at the end of the ear canal, separates the ci,+Bjc  
outer ear from the inner ear. q<e& 0u4  
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A lightly tinted .F&9.#>  
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B. tightly stretched C. somewhat opaque D. delicately made #)+- lP e  
 JL}\*  
14. It was commonly felt that the purchase of Alaska by the United State in 1867 -9P2`XQ^  
was foolish. &zL#hBE  
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A. requiring lw8"'0  
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B. sending C. buying  D. applying Tm+;0  
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15. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that rt]S\  
prevail in the forests. ,reJ(s  
A dominate   B. rebuild C. invade  D. tend PL0`d`TI  
16. In frogs and toads,the tongue is fixed to the front of the mouth in order to A)n W  
facilitate projecting it at some distance, greatly in aiding in capture of insects. L/} iy}  
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A proscribing B. protruding *a}(6Cx  
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C. provoking ! U0z"  
/  YiQ\  
D. protracting noVa=aU^  
1V&PtI3 !!  
17. Stare twinkle as a result of the turbulent stale of the air through which their light -H(vL=  
passes. 4|J[Jdj  
7 l8[xV  
A. in addition to B. in spite of   C. because of 8@K^|xeQ  
f*((;*n ;  
D. with regard to Os),;W0w4  
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18. Most meat-eating animals use their teeth to seize and kill prey. g9tu %cIkR  
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A. attacker ~2 }Pl)  
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B. nourishment   C. enemies 9G+f/ k ,P  
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D. victims WnxEu3U  
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19. It is ridiculous to become angry about such an insignificant matter, D!> d0k,Y  
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A. absurd y0q#R.TOm  
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B. nourishment C. tragic D. unpardonable : iCM= k  
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20. How many people are aware that a dancer with New York City Ballet typically cy3ww})  
wears out a minimum of two hundred pairs of toe shoes per year? ?X_V#8JK  
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A. only qc8Ta"  
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B. at least C. exactly c?6d2jH.  
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D. fewer than oh\ ,OW  
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Section II (20%) jMU9{Si  
21. Not until the eighteenth century _____the complex chemistry of metallurgy. bEpMaBN  
A. when scientists began to appreciate m6n hC  
B. did scientists begin to appreciate :c4kBl%gJ  
C. scientists who were beginning to appreciate !WKk=ysFS  
D. the appreciation of scientists began sbla`6Fb  
22. Pewte, ____ for eating and drinking utensils in colonial America, is about XVUf,N,  
ninety percent tin with copper or bismuth added for hardness. ^ }#f()  
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A. widely used it TETsg5#  
C. which widely used \Hum}0[  
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B. was widely used =lrN'$z?%  
D. widely used R<g=\XO'y  
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23. Lyndon B. Johnson was the only United States President whose oath of office H1Xovr  
____   by a woman, Judge Sarah Tilghman Hughes. w-: D  
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A. was administered kPJ~X0Fr{t  
C. was accomplished +"=~o5k3Q  
)6G+tU'  
B. being directed z(UX't (q  
D. of administration was eCL?mhK  
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24. Protein digestion begins in the stomach _____ ends in the small intestine. rqC1  
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A. when ro]L}oE+  
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B. while m?vAyi  
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C. and D4\(:kF\Hg  
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D. because /2'c>  
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25. ___fee growth of manufacturing and other industries, the economy of the state of <M>#qd@c  
Texas has remained heavily dependent on oil and gas. m-#d8sD2C  
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A. As D2-O7e  
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B. Despite 4w2L?PDMi  
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C. Though 6P6Jx;  
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D. In case )%1&/uN)  
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26. Probably at about the same time speech, ____laughter originated too. &A#90xzF  
A. increased B. brought about C. evolved D. resulted @~Rk^/0  
27. The United States Capitol building in Washington D.C, is ____in a small park ; vhnA$'a  
surrounded by a number of impressive government buildings. 7{8)ykBU^  
[kQ"6wh8  
A. located |O 'Hh7  
7YSuB9{M  
B- secluded ]*;RHy9  
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C formed D. spotted 8cequAD  
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28. In earlier times there were more sheep in the South of New Zealand than in the il<gjlyR]L  
North; now, ____ to cross-bred flocks, the reverse is the case. 6YB-}>?  
P[r}(@0rJ  
A. in increase attention :Fq2x_IUE  
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B. with increasing attention oKZ[0(4<  
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C. with attention increasing S;G"L$&\  
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D. in attention 4"rb&$E   
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29. Researchers ____ that when people are mentally engaged biochemical changes |Sy}d[VKsZ  
occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively. )@?Qt2  
|YMzp8Da(  
A. have brought about sf=%l10Fk#  
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B. had set up -sruxF  
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C have established D. had put up G*kXWEx  
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30. Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enables us to get along with one uk>q\ j  
another and ___ where we in society.   @Wlwt+;fT  
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A. to determine Il tg0`  
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B. determine M,=@|U/B  
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C. to the determination Q*oA{eZY  
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D. by determining 8=u+BDG  
H_xQ>~b  
31. If pollution continues to increase _____the present rate, formation of aerosols in e2_r0I^C  
the atmosphere will cause the onset of an ice age in about fifty years time. 2*3B~"  
%^)JaEUC  
A. with Z1qATX Xf  
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B. in d%[`=fs]|m  
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C. by is _ dPc  
Ot8S'cB1,$  
D. at CzDR%vx  
UHsrZgIRYT  
32. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with____ that there were osgS?=8  
fewer calories in every slice. 7.Kjg_N#Tr  
A. message B. the message C. messages D. information }i/2XmA )  
33. Americans view business _____based on the ideal of competition than other KTAe~y  
institutions in society. q4#f *]  
A. being as more firmly    B. as more firmly ,VcD vZ7  
C. as being more firmly    D. as is more firmly I}]@e ^ ~  
34. By 1872 the United States had 70 engineering colleges, ____astonishing 7AFS)_w  
expansion credited largely to the Morrill Act of 1862. /B#lju!  
%(7wZ0Z  
A was yPxG`w'  
g,GbaaXH  
B. because -aeo7C  
0)]C&;}_M  
C. to which {ALBmSapK"  
bCx 1g/   
D. an |% YzGgp7  
<[B[  
35. When used as food additives, antioxidants prevent fats and oils ____rancid when sz2SWk^&  
exposed to air, and thus extend their shelf life. I~5fz4Q  
?e|:6a+[f  
A. from becoming B. becoming cZX&itVc:  
"drh+oo.  
C. to become   D. to becoming U.j\u>a  
(>5VS  
36. Parents should realize that ‘‘example is better than ____” D>#v 6XI  
w wRT$-!  
A. statement 'UG}E@G  
?;#3U5$v  
B. lesson C. proverb D. precept xW;[}t-QS  
iF_r'+j  
37. Arabian camels are usually about 7 feet high and generally sandy-colored, ].T;x|  
_____sometimes they are white, various shades of brown or black. <7-,`   
A but that    B. though  C. however   D. therefore 1eyyu!  
38. ____they sometimes swim alone, dolphins usually congregate in large groups, gx9sBkoq5D  
often numbering in the hundreds. T2PFE4+Dp  
e%0#"6}  
A. Even b|@op>UZ  
F$yFR  
B. Why 0BP~ 0z  
<WKz,jh  
C. Although WuZ n|j'  
G`lhvpifG  
D. Nevertheless 8jGoU 9  
Gz5@1CF  
39. ___in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water. G6F['g);  
Wq&c,H  
A Plants are widely spaced cYn}we}7  
k)' z<EL6c  
B. The wide spacing of plants @!NHeH=pR  
aNU%OeQA  
C. The spacing of plants is wide WY~[tBi\  
rL/7wa  
D. Plants to be spaced widely ]_xGVwem  
`ViNSr):J  
40. Faults in the Earth's crust are most evident in sedimentary formations, SLA~F?t  
_____interrupt previously continuous layers. KCT"a :\  
Z'bMIdV  
A. by which 4\WkXwoqQO  
!@1!ld  
B. which it CPM6T$_qE  
leJd) {  
C. where they D. thus it +N&(lj  
<q=B(J'  
Part Two Translation T=Q{K|JE  
Section I (From English into Chinese) T5+b{qA  
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined :e vc  
sentences into Chinese. (20%) ,Gx=e!-N5  
(1) Drr . Claude Shannon of Bell Telephone Laboratories, and his colleague, E. F. >maz t=,  
Moore, once built a machine to play the game known as Hex, using an analog _J;a[Ky+[  
computer working on electrical voltages. It beat them about 70 per cent of the time. q8]k]:r  
“It frequently surprised its designers by selecting odd-looking moves which, on pz=Wq4 l  
analysis, proved sound," Shannon comments. J/2pS  
(2) Each of these mechanical game-players is said to “learn” because it is so Nuq/_x  
programmed that it follows the Boolean algebra pattern, discovering by sad z H4#\d  
experience that one thing or another doesn't work and profiting by mistake. One of +=$G6uR$  
Shannon's more fantastic triumphs is the magnetized ‘"mouse” which, when placed .?:~s8kB  
in a complicated maze consisting of partitions, is supposed to find the one and the ~;Kl/Z  
only path to the “cheese.” On the first try the mouse will stumble aimlessly around .p_$]  
running into one wall after another. Eventually,by repeated try and error, it will wyM3|%RZ  
locate the cheese.   z8MYgn 7  
If the mouse is given a second try, it will go straight to the cheese without e0 EJ[bG  
hitting a single blind alley. It will, do it from any part of the maze. (3) Moreover, if  ,/9|j*9H  
its trainer changes the maze on it by relocating the partitions, the mouse blunders 5o #8DIal  
only where the terrain has become unfamiliar. It can recognize at once positions that TUr}p aw_  
have not been changed. Eventually the mouse learns enough to forget all former R5zV= N  
arrangements and remember only the latest, successful ones. +__Rk1CVh  
(4) The mouse itself does not think, but it is difficult to argue against the thinking uM#/  
done by the electromagnet and computer that drive the mouse. The device does have KQ3 On(d  
the ability to distinguish between right and wrong, and to revise its standards on the \3/'#  
basis of its own experience. =Y0m;-1M  
Probably the clearest difference between man and machine is a quantitative one. 0g\&3EvD  
The brain has roughly a million times as many parts as the best computer. On the o 8U2vMH  
other hand, the difference may lie in a spiritual factor, embraced by religion. (5) At IK);BN2<L  
any rate, machine cannot exercise free will or originate anything — not ye t Whether it 3WS % H17  
ever will is still an open argument Fy^\Uw  
SectionII (From Chinese into English) I%`2RXBt3^  
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined ]gZjV  
sentences into English. (20%) DGnswN%n1  
在中国的西北边陲,在新疆的天山南北,有一支拥有百万军垦战士,肩负“屯垦戍边”使 RZjR d  
命的接师,——新疆生产建设兵团。 B^ {DCHu/  
(6)这是世界上独一无二的兵团。兵团釆取军事建制,战士却不穿军装,从事生产建设                                     。 P.0-(  
(7)兵团成立 45 年来,百万军垦战士在沙漠边绘的荒原上栽种了几亿棵树,创建设了 172 hAdEq$   
个、面积达数万亩的绿洲.在世界第二大沙漠塔克拉玛千沙漢和古尔班通古特沙漠的边缘, 5YasD6l  
兵团创建了“人进沙退”的奇连,他们的存在,使中国辽阔的西北边陲, 铸起了一道绿色 [#tW$^UD  
的“界碑”. 4w,}1uNEf  
(8)45 年前,驻新藏中国人民解放军 10 万零 5 千官兵就地转业,成立新疆军区生产建设 $.kYAsZts  
兵团。从 60 年代初开始,又有大批的军队复转官兵从内地调来,大批的知识 育年抅入兵 |j<'[gB\p  
团,他们的到来壮大了兵团的臥伍,也为兵团注入了新的活力.现在第三代兵团也己经幵 F 7=-k/k  
始加入这个行列. gqhW.e}]  
今天,我们在新疆生产建设兵团看到的是悠悠绿洲和一派丰收景象。在兵团里,每—个老 V4>P8cE  
战士都能讲述一段兵团人早期艰苦创业的历史. @tA .^k0`  
(9)“新疆占袓国版图的六分之一,我们绝不能让这里的国土是一片荒原!”这是 张仲 ?#'qY6 ^  
翰将军在率部队进军新疆准备屯田时的讲话,也是十几万解放军官兵进入新疆时的蜇言。 +J} 41  
兵团官兵节衣缩食,艰苦奋斗,用节约下来的钱购买家具,在戈壁荒原上开辟出了 — gM8eO-d  
个个绿洲:使历史上被称为“死亡之海”的塔里木盆地的边缘,变成了稻谷跃香鱼 满塘 m`|Z1CT  
的“塞外江南”。 T]xGE   
不久前,一位世界银行的高级官员在参观了薪疆兵团生机勃勃的机械化农场后赞扬 }y1M0^M-$  
说:(10) “这是我所见到的最成功的农业开发,这是中国人的一个伟大创举,也是世界 DEBgb  
的一个奇迹。” TsD >m  
[q z6_WOo  
Part Three Writing (20%) I4hr5M3  
Directions: v#6.VUAw  
Title:THE EXAMINATION CHEATING ;Cw n1N9S  
Time limit 50 minutes La!PG Z{  
Word Limit: 250 — 200 words ~?p > L  
Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below. Z`W.(gua  
Your composition should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Fri5_rxLl  
OUTLINE: )D^P~2  
1. The problem of cheating in schools and colleges p#&6Ed*V  
2. Causes of examination cheating ^~0 r+w61  
3. My comments ;(sb^O  
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