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兰州大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

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兰州大学 2007 年考博英语试题 kD;1+lNz  
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注意:答案请一律写在答题纸上,写在试题上无效。 ``mnk>/  
Part One Structure and Vocabulary (40%) /|s~X@%K  
Directions: In this part there are two sections In Section One, you are to choose G`D rY;  
from the four choices under each sentence the one which is similar in meaning to the %B}<5iO  
underlined part of the sentence. And in Section Two, you are to choose the one that  m#K)%0  
can beat complete the sentence in question. 05>mRqVL  
Section I $|"Y|3&X  
1. An important function of early stone took was to extract highly nutritious food WwUhwY1o!L  
from large animal carcasses \rj>T6  
4t 5i9+h  
A. destroy p~'iK4[&6  
6;:z?Q  
B. identify  C. remove S2i*Li  
^yLhL^Y  
D. compare 3#A4A0  
"_^vQ1M]Z  
2 Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and ej,)< *  
highways as well as with urban affairs DHq#beN  
-=cxUDB  
A. outlandish J5TT+FQ  
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B. remote 'Z*`~,Q  
$fCKK&Wy  
C exempted D. exclusive yJK:4af;.  
[I?[N.v  
3. Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass- or U)[LKO1  
soap-making cither would do. |*/-~5"  
wrQ0 2?  
A. advantageous B. convenient GaCRo7  
pwH*&YU  
C. identifiable !,+<?o y  
S{m:Iij[;  
D. equivalent {'Y()p3kl  
0q28Ulv9  
4. With the dawn of space exploration, the notion that atmospheric conditions on GrUpATIx  
Earth may be unique in the system was strengthened c,^W/:CQAB  
:7M%/#Fy  
A. continuation QQ`tSYgex  
o~<jayqU  
B. beginning C. expansion  D. outcome We++DWp  
H:EK&$sU  
5. When the glaciers thawed after the last ice age% the five Great Lakes of North mGDy3R90  
America were formed 1Ys)b[:  
!</U"P:L  
A. melted >/Gw)K}#E  
a ~YrQI-@  
B. advanced sSf;j,7V  
@~Ys*]4UE  
C evaporated d~MY z6"  
H<}|n1w<  
D. exploded VDro(?p8Z  
rb}fP #j  
6. New York is a shopper's paradise whether one wants to spend large sums of y4! :l =E^  
money in elegant department stores or rifle though goods displayed on street yN)(MmX'1  
barrows '4 It>50b  
wpp!H<')  
A. a fortune B. a dime 8bQXC+bK  
Ie K+  
C. much [NJ2rQ/w7  
~3-"1E>Rgy  
D. quite lot C:t?HLY)fG  
c#CV5J\Kk3  
7. During the rainy season the Mississippi River may carry away hundreds of acres &^K(9"  
of valuable topsoil from one area and arbitrarily deposit it in another. (&87 zk  
FaWDAL=Vhk  
A. lawfully n!AW9]  
Q=>5@sZB  
B. subsequently N34-z|"q  
~ES%=if~Y  
C. randomly {qlcTc  
<KK.f9^o(  
D. mercilessly #_x5-?3  
VwRZgL  
8. Over six million citizens of the United States collect benefits from private pension OiXO<1'$  
plans each year. %~k>$(u6  
A. nongovernmental   B. unauthorized  @)0  
$j(d`@.DN~  
C. confidential %WKBd \O  
63%V_B|  
D. nontransferable ,C"6@/:l  
Z*f%R\u  
9. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the overwhelming majority are f8SO:ihXL  
Dormant KQb&7k .  
PYWFz   
A. uncharted i$p2am8f  
 oJ* ,a  
B. unpredictable gE $Uv*Gj  
+6l#hO7h  
C. minor t:V._@  
9G2rVk  
D. inactive ;+(_stxqV9  
J5F@<vi  
10. The lymphatic system includes a network of tiny capillaries that lie adjacent to l'_]0%o]  
the fine blood vessels. 7FPSBvU#/  
X EbVsw  
A. independent of B. near %XeN_ V  
.tGz,z}  
C. obscured by LQr!0p.i"  
vdvnwzp!l  
D. within ; U7P{e05  
t3?I4HQ  
11. One of California's most acute problems is an inadequate water supply. QwpX3 k6  
jQ'g'c!  
A. critical lb}RPvQE  
](Wa:U}Xs  
B. unusual C P&u  
6'N_bNW  
C. persistent zI,Qc60B  
(pv}>1  
D. unexpected 0iZeU:FE  
aXqig&:  
12. It is estimated that at one time there existed from one to two thousand American DpA)Vdj  
Indian languages and at least as many cultures, each different in some respect from L[9Kh&c  
all the others. (M1YOK)I  
bri8o"  
A. prospect G%l')e)9Gq  
Cj4Y, N  
B. stages i~v[3e9y7  
~' 955fK>  
C. aspect '{.4~:  
%5zIh[!1$  
D. activity .On qj^v  
yv]|Ce@8A  
13. The eardrum, a taut membrane located at the end of the ear canal, separates the `W@jo~ y<  
outer ear from the inner ear. 8]vut{  
z7:* ,X  
A lightly tinted B=n90XO |  
.-T P 1C  
B. tightly stretched C. somewhat opaque D. delicately made w0j'>4  
L"dN $ A  
14. It was commonly felt that the purchase of Alaska by the United State in 1867 %>9L}OAm  
was foolish. _oG%bNM  
e_3jyA@v  
A. requiring /Ta-3Eh!  
XgnNYy6W  
B. sending C. buying  D. applying y> E:]#F  
}ff^^7_  
15. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that wy:Gy9\  
prevail in the forests. H?Sv6W.~  
A dominate   B. rebuild C. invade  D. tend O>nMeU  
16. In frogs and toads,the tongue is fixed to the front of the mouth in order to T*#M'H7LSQ  
facilitate projecting it at some distance, greatly in aiding in capture of insects. &{<hY|%  
<N~9=g3   
A proscribing B. protruding gXs9qY %=  
R6Md_t\  
C. provoking tw zV-8\  
73'AQ")UJ  
D. protracting McS]aJfrk  
H$WD7/ ?j  
17. Stare twinkle as a result of the turbulent stale of the air through which their light w nQy   
passes. WH39=)D%u  
E`qX|n  
A. in addition to B. in spite of   C. because of 8:S+*J[gSn  
$]};EI#  
D. with regard to I9xu3izAmR  
>m!Z$m([J  
18. Most meat-eating animals use their teeth to seize and kill prey. 3[_WTwX0  
>cmz JS  
A. attacker 7\yh(+kN  
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B. nourishment   C. enemies "0 %f R"  
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D. victims @@\px66  
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19. It is ridiculous to become angry about such an insignificant matter, "O$WfpKX  
bw/mF5AsW  
A. absurd adri 02C/  
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B. nourishment C. tragic D. unpardonable Uy|!f]"?  
37 ?X@@Z=  
20. How many people are aware that a dancer with New York City Ballet typically I H#CaD  
wears out a minimum of two hundred pairs of toe shoes per year? Z<AZO ^  
o2$A2L9P  
A. only 6nsb)7a  
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B. at least C. exactly N `H`\+  
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D. fewer than ,+OVRc  
xqlnHf<G  
Section II (20%) 99'c\[fd'  
21. Not until the eighteenth century _____the complex chemistry of metallurgy. IS[q'Cv*  
A. when scientists began to appreciate A/lznBHR  
B. did scientists begin to appreciate n[i:$! ,  
C. scientists who were beginning to appreciate zd$iD i($  
D. the appreciation of scientists began E;4dlL`*  
22. Pewte, ____ for eating and drinking utensils in colonial America, is about k'e1ZAn  
ninety percent tin with copper or bismuth added for hardness. 8~.8"gQ  
kDQE*o  
A. widely used it mxJe\[I  
C. which widely used ?/,V{!UTtq  
bYhG`1,$-a  
B. was widely used ;.$vDin6  
D. widely used b rDyjh  
=)iA U/*N  
23. Lyndon B. Johnson was the only United States President whose oath of office *N{k#d/  
____   by a woman, Judge Sarah Tilghman Hughes. |KPNl\%ID  
}LEasj  
A. was administered &K=) YpT  
C. was accomplished O\]{6+$fm!  
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B. being directed E2.!|u2  
D. of administration was 37tJ6R6[  
jzi^ OI7  
24. Protein digestion begins in the stomach _____ ends in the small intestine. m*7RC4"J  
9&B #@cw  
A. when *|L;&XM&/  
@K#}nKN'  
B. while ose)\rM'  
L1@<7?@X  
C. and L0%W;m  
#&K}w 0}k  
D. because /;}o0 DYeW  
Nh4&3"g|  
25. ___fee growth of manufacturing and other industries, the economy of the state of nx{X^oc8e  
Texas has remained heavily dependent on oil and gas. K[9P{0hA  
o> 1+m  
A. As RW Jyd=  
l?^}n(_.  
B. Despite J~ z00p`E  
W<~u0AyO 3  
C. Though $ 93j;  
8u x  
D. In case ;_=dB[M  
{k'$uW `  
26. Probably at about the same time speech, ____laughter originated too. ,C'mE''x  
A. increased B. brought about C. evolved D. resulted 7Mh!@Rd_V  
27. The United States Capitol building in Washington D.C, is ____in a small park |B\76Nk  
surrounded by a number of impressive government buildings. X#MC|Fzy@  
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A. located Y5mk*Q#q  
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B- secluded 2P|j<~JS  
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C formed D. spotted Te>m9Pav  
"@jYZm8  
28. In earlier times there were more sheep in the South of New Zealand than in the R]S!PSoL  
North; now, ____ to cross-bred flocks, the reverse is the case. Z?."cuTt  
U)('}u=b  
A. in increase attention qcBamf  
ebf/cC h  
B. with increasing attention f(c#1AJE53  
U ~8, N[  
C. with attention increasing TA"gU8YQ  
U1=\ `)u;  
D. in attention /+?eSgM/  
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29. Researchers ____ that when people are mentally engaged biochemical changes p $,ZYF~  
occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively. 7@!3.u1B  
Q\*zF,ek  
A. have brought about  0gJ{fcI  
,+'VQa"]  
B. had set up "1-z'TV=  
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C have established D. had put up !/E N  
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30. Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enables us to get along with one a)M3t  
another and ___ where we in society.   d{c06(#_  
F Xp_`9.zH  
A. to determine 0$. ;EGP  
BVxk}#d  
B. determine d' e\t O  
G8Zl[8  
C. to the determination {[r}gS%  
L=kETJ:g  
D. by determining d5lD!  
dY.NQ1@"  
31. If pollution continues to increase _____the present rate, formation of aerosols in Ihx[S!:  
the atmosphere will cause the onset of an ice age in about fifty years time. _?;74VWA  
Eyg F,> .4  
A. with wRe2sjM  
CWS]821;  
B. in $%?[f;S3,  
| =tGrHL  
C. by m/ngPeZ  
3F{R$M}  
D. at Fz@U\\94z  
iq3TP5%i  
32. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with____ that there were z KNac[:  
fewer calories in every slice. <ua! ]~  
A. message B. the message C. messages D. information SBamg c  
33. Americans view business _____based on the ideal of competition than other )Xice=x9  
institutions in society. :VlMszy}B3  
A. being as more firmly    B. as more firmly =wFl(Q6J  
C. as being more firmly    D. as is more firmly ,? V YrL  
34. By 1872 the United States had 70 engineering colleges, ____astonishing e@g=wN"@  
expansion credited largely to the Morrill Act of 1862. cs)R8vuB)z  
-hZw.eChQa  
A was *I`Eb7 ^  
@4P_Yfn  
B. because fTd":F  
Q*R9OF  
C. to which jN!sL W  
CiIIlE4  
D. an o> yo9n%t  
q`HK4~i,  
35. When used as food additives, antioxidants prevent fats and oils ____rancid when BXUd i&'O  
exposed to air, and thus extend their shelf life. JgcMk]|'  
*)Pb-c  
A. from becoming B. becoming J|e3 UikA  
+A2}@k   
C. to become   D. to becoming )9kp[hY  
&8hW~G>(m  
36. Parents should realize that ‘‘example is better than ____” ]O&yy{yYK  
q5>!.v   
A. statement u\=yY.   
pwo @ S"  
B. lesson C. proverb D. precept p ?x]|`M  
hu:x,;`9H  
37. Arabian camels are usually about 7 feet high and generally sandy-colored, aY\(R02B  
_____sometimes they are white, various shades of brown or black. `6o5[2V  
A but that    B. though  C. however   D. therefore 3s_$.  
38. ____they sometimes swim alone, dolphins usually congregate in large groups, C.+:FY.H  
often numbering in the hundreds. _j|U>s   
b%e7rY2  
A. Even = '<*mT<  
Fj1'z5$  
B. Why 10r9sR  
[ejl #'*5  
C. Although PAv<J<d  
-<^3!C >  
D. Nevertheless PfJfa/#pA  
g715+5z[  
39. ___in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water. VPOp#;"%  
yz_xWx#9  
A Plants are widely spaced  q #X[oVq  
Q=#!wW VP  
B. The wide spacing of plants k]yv#Pa  
Ir3|PehB  
C. The spacing of plants is wide fnudy% oo  
tMr$N[@r  
D. Plants to be spaced widely #\MkbZc d  
2 m2$jp0  
40. Faults in the Earth's crust are most evident in sedimentary formations, !9EbG  
_____interrupt previously continuous layers. B{lL}"++0  
5z"[{ #/  
A. by which o^<W3Z  
PsI{y&.  
B. which it seNH/pRb  
v#$}3+KVC  
C. where they D. thus it ' g Fewo  
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Part Two Translation ~)]n67Or~  
Section I (From English into Chinese) ;Yn_*M/*  
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined 8YkCTJfBGu  
sentences into Chinese. (20%) l ?gh7m_ej  
(1) Drr . Claude Shannon of Bell Telephone Laboratories, and his colleague, E. F. [ jgC`  
Moore, once built a machine to play the game known as Hex, using an analog G>W:3y  
computer working on electrical voltages. It beat them about 70 per cent of the time. Bt"*a=t;  
“It frequently surprised its designers by selecting odd-looking moves which, on +g8uV hC  
analysis, proved sound," Shannon comments. -/J2;AkGH  
(2) Each of these mechanical game-players is said to “learn” because it is so t: qPW<wc  
programmed that it follows the Boolean algebra pattern, discovering by sad 9XW[NY#)#  
experience that one thing or another doesn't work and profiting by mistake. One of f'B#h;`  
Shannon's more fantastic triumphs is the magnetized ‘"mouse” which, when placed `;#I_R_K  
in a complicated maze consisting of partitions, is supposed to find the one and the p0j-$*F  
only path to the “cheese.” On the first try the mouse will stumble aimlessly around 0/?=FM >  
running into one wall after another. Eventually,by repeated try and error, it will nokMS  
locate the cheese.   0vdnM8N2  
If the mouse is given a second try, it will go straight to the cheese without j:'!P<#  
hitting a single blind alley. It will, do it from any part of the maze. (3) Moreover, if \DRYqLT`  
its trainer changes the maze on it by relocating the partitions, the mouse blunders ;X[23A{  
only where the terrain has become unfamiliar. It can recognize at once positions that X>VxE/  
have not been changed. Eventually the mouse learns enough to forget all former ekO*(vQ~  
arrangements and remember only the latest, successful ones. }J\KnaKo  
(4) The mouse itself does not think, but it is difficult to argue against the thinking 5 }F6s  
done by the electromagnet and computer that drive the mouse. The device does have / S)&dN`  
the ability to distinguish between right and wrong, and to revise its standards on the ?c# v'c^=h  
basis of its own experience. )z2hyGX  
Probably the clearest difference between man and machine is a quantitative one. {t&+abY  
The brain has roughly a million times as many parts as the best computer. On the WJ(E3bb  
other hand, the difference may lie in a spiritual factor, embraced by religion. (5) At ?u /i8  
any rate, machine cannot exercise free will or originate anything — not ye t Whether it ' C|yUsBC  
ever will is still an open argument YfOO]{x,X  
SectionII (From Chinese into English) OgB ZoTT  
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined .6#Y- iJqc  
sentences into English. (20%) E>6:59 +  
在中国的西北边陲,在新疆的天山南北,有一支拥有百万军垦战士,肩负“屯垦戍边”使 5T;,wQ<  
命的接师,——新疆生产建设兵团。 B$cx '_zF  
(6)这是世界上独一无二的兵团。兵团釆取军事建制,战士却不穿军装,从事生产建设                                     。 *ocbV`  
(7)兵团成立 45 年来,百万军垦战士在沙漠边绘的荒原上栽种了几亿棵树,创建设了 172 WgQ6EV`  
个、面积达数万亩的绿洲.在世界第二大沙漠塔克拉玛千沙漢和古尔班通古特沙漠的边缘, UHW;e}O5  
兵团创建了“人进沙退”的奇连,他们的存在,使中国辽阔的西北边陲, 铸起了一道绿色 SgocHpyg  
的“界碑”. {,rVA(I@  
(8)45 年前,驻新藏中国人民解放军 10 万零 5 千官兵就地转业,成立新疆军区生产建设 ,l_n:H+"F  
兵团。从 60 年代初开始,又有大批的军队复转官兵从内地调来,大批的知识 育年抅入兵 )51H\o  
团,他们的到来壮大了兵团的臥伍,也为兵团注入了新的活力.现在第三代兵团也己经幵 ^04|tda  
始加入这个行列. /K]< 7  
今天,我们在新疆生产建设兵团看到的是悠悠绿洲和一派丰收景象。在兵团里,每—个老 U 4@W{P02  
战士都能讲述一段兵团人早期艰苦创业的历史. y}bE'Od  
(9)“新疆占袓国版图的六分之一,我们绝不能让这里的国土是一片荒原!”这是 张仲 ij=}3;L_!  
翰将军在率部队进军新疆准备屯田时的讲话,也是十几万解放军官兵进入新疆时的蜇言。 h^KLqPBt{  
兵团官兵节衣缩食,艰苦奋斗,用节约下来的钱购买家具,在戈壁荒原上开辟出了 — H c{0O7  
个个绿洲:使历史上被称为“死亡之海”的塔里木盆地的边缘,变成了稻谷跃香鱼 满塘 X %._:st  
的“塞外江南”。 e-#!3j!'  
不久前,一位世界银行的高级官员在参观了薪疆兵团生机勃勃的机械化农场后赞扬 \k Gi5G]  
说:(10) “这是我所见到的最成功的农业开发,这是中国人的一个伟大创举,也是世界 /hMD Me  
的一个奇迹。” Ih.6"ISK}  
p}'uCT ga  
Part Three Writing (20%) 4F+n`{~  
Directions: Vuqm{bo^  
Title:THE EXAMINATION CHEATING OxraaN`  
Time limit 50 minutes iZ3%'~K<3J  
Word Limit: 250 — 200 words Z) zWfv}  
Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below. B|Rnh;B-  
Your composition should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. JL4\%  
OUTLINE: H0 YxPk)  
1. The problem of cheating in schools and colleges N'nqVYTU  
2. Causes of examination cheating ji[O?  
3. My comments 6"Km E}  
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