考博英语语法重点总结 ]3B %8
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 g>
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独立主格特征 K-eY|n
1. 充当句子的状语。 l&$$w!n0w
2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 nmFC%p)4
3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 9bJQT'<R
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词)
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例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. k~3.MU
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. KCuGu}
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). Ad$n4Ze
真题剖析 pS[KBQ"F
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. 7=XL
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45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because `^9(Ot $
练习:Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. {HOy_Fiih
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be vuQ%dDxI
虚拟语气 \5)h tL1F
虚拟语气(2) Yw;D:Y(
1. (should)+动词原形 KvPX=/&Zu
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 o*g|m.SjL
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 m~ho
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It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 ]rN5Ao}2
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 f.B>&%JRZ
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 A'&n5)tb
would rather +动词过去式 +;}#B~:
真题剖析 +>~?m*$
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … 7Q w|!
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t COzyG.R.
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. jjM\. KL]
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded =qy=-j]
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. KOz(TZ?u
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take 2`GE
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 7!y5
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(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) E37<"(;
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should Cv
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非谓语动词 cRd0S*QN2
动名词、分词、不定式。 ,j:|w+l
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 65h @}9,U
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been)
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To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 e!Y0-=?nf#
真题剖析 8}X5o]Mv
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. CC\*?BKj"
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops ;$Y4xM`=m
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways.
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59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative i
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主谓一致 ac kqH+'
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 *_E|@y
How you got there doesn’t concern me. ydw)mT44K
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. c|F[
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 oAWzYu(v
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. L-B
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3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 322jR4QGr
4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 |-V&O=!^+
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). "&+"@<
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 fwK}/0%
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. [7_56\G4
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) Ig3;E+*>
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) d*)CT?d&
He no less than John is interested in literature. ={LMdC~5X
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ` PYJ^I0
Either my father or my brothers are coming. >pU:Gr
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 >``MR%E:<
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 1x,[6H
真题剖析 h3dsd
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. DjSbyXvrg
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some lA>D
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倒装 ,+~rd4a
全部倒装 j"AU z)x
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” JyR/1 W
There stand big buildings in this district. ooUk O
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 5)
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2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) 5]M>8ll
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. x3PD1JUf
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 P;k0W>~k
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. [,TkFbDq"J
4. 表语位于句首 d6
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Especially remarkable was his flat nose. AE} )o)B
Not far from here is a famous university. }N*_KzPIa
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 `F/Tv 5@L
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. ^a#X9
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. 6P';DB
6. 分词短语位于句首(分词+be +主语) +wkjS r`e
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. S{Er?0wm.R
部分倒装 `
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1. 疑问句 fJ ,1Ef;Z
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首(作形容词时例外) Ek6MYc8<b~
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. zL\OB?)5J
3. “only+状语”位于句首 i\dc>C ;
Only when he comes back can be leave. p ZZc:\fJ
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 x:QgjK
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. $]8h $
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) '7oA< R
By no means should you break the rules. 9D4NX<_
At no time should we give in to difficulties. Mb]rY>B4
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) #y%!\1M/:A
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though(尽管,虽然)+be动词” I}t#%/'YA
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. ,~"$k[M
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.