考博英语语法重点总结 Lqg] Fd
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 XQK^$Iq]V
独立主格特征 Pg 7>c e
1. 充当句子的状语。 IZ+ *`E
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 : @s8?eg
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 .H ,pO#{;
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） }bZ
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例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. ot^q }fRX
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. |B
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c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). YFG-U-t3
真题剖析 N"S3N)wgd
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. g&Z"_
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45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because _jW>dU ^B
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. B@d1xjp)']
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be 5;}2[3}[
虚拟语气 6Ux[,]G K
虚拟语气（2） ?qy*s3 j'M
1. （should）+动词原形 CdZnD#F2
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 cbfD B^_
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 5~QhX22
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 (9E( Q*J5x
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 vlvvi()
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ka/nQ ~_#<
would rather +动词过去式 k j-=xhJ{=
真题剖析 }4Zkf<#7$
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … Sg _O?.
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47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t
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(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. (nq^\ZdF
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded f $vwuW
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. a
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15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take P
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(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. ~JLYhA^'+<
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) X~Cq
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should 9j 0o&Xn
非谓语动词 pcnl 0o~
动名词、分词、不定式。 Zb"jB$58
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) $2Q YxY 9s
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) `UQEXoB)
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 8TW5(fl
真题剖析 Q,~x#
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. w:Ra7ExP
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops Q(e{~
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(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. C B/r ]+4
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative N}DL(-SQ3
主谓一致 ^&MK42,\
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 )b9_C
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How you got there doesn’t concern me. 4gb'7'
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. nE$
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 !3V{2-y$-
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 7h`^N5H.q
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 [S0mY[
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4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 1x{kl01m%
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). qe%V#c
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 ]Jn2Ra"j
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. G\ ex^&M
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) Wq
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6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） dlR_ckp
He no less than John is interested in literature. wDKELQ(y H
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 1qZG `Vz
Either my father or my brothers are coming. e 2wvc/gG6
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ISBF\ wQY
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. !^? qU;|
真题剖析 X!c?CL
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. PIxjM>
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some [0!{_E)<
倒装 d.A C%&W
全部倒装 E}YI WTX
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” gr+Pl>C{
There stand big buildings in this district. c
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Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ShGp^xVj
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) $3\,h; y
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. mNDuwDd$S
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 T 1zi0f a'
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. b-% l-u
4. 表语位于句首 Nfaf;;J}
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. 0Oap 39
Not far from here is a famous university. ^P$7A ]!
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 Z@M6!;y#
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. ~kb{K;
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. vp L Mhf`
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） D#0O[F@l##
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. y6%<zhs
部分倒装 5[R?iS GL1
1. 疑问句 j^ EbO3
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） 6fGK (r
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. 1;&T^Gdj
3. “only+状语”位于句首 iN)af5)[^
Only when he comes back can be leave. fM ^<+o@
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 9o_- =>(
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. hW'
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5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) mx}E$b$<CY
By no means should you break the rules. ?\ Q0kr.T%
At no time should we give in to difficulties. I 7G,`h+H
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) v3-?CQb(
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” Xw^X&Pp
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. *s\sa+2al
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
