2003年博士英语考试统考真题

2003
part = 2 \* ROMAN II
31.Sometimes you can get quite _____ when you are tryingto communicate with someone in English.
A.frustrated   B.depressed   C.approved D.distracted
32.The company has ____ itself to a policyof equal opportunity for all.
A.promised   B.committed C.attributed D.converted
33.I haven’t met anyone ____ the new taxplan.
A.in honor of   B.in searchof   C.in place of    D.in favor of
34.Salk won ____ as the scientist whodeveloped the world’s first effective vaccine against polio.
A.accomplishment B.qualification C.eminence D.patent
35.This software can be ____ to the needsof each customer.
A.tailored  B.administrated   C.entailed D.accustomed
36.The average commercial business can shut down in suchan emergemcy but a hospital doesn’t dare, for lives are____
A.in circulation B.underconsideration C.on hand D.at stake
37.As we need plain, ____food for the body, so we must have seriousreading for the mind.
A.wholesome B.diet C.tasteful D.edible
38.He never gave much thought to theadditional kilorams he had ____ lately.
A.shown up B.piled up C.put on D.taken on
39.The teacher tried hard to read ____handwriting in her students’s test papers.
A.irregular B.illiterate C.illegible D.irrational
40.A coronary disease is the widely-usedterm____ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart.
A.denoting B.donating C.relating D.resorting
41.Humans are using up the world’s naturalriches at an alarming rate.
A.appalling B.appealing C.alert D.abnormal
42.Dring water in many areas of thedeveloping world is contaminated with bacteria.
A.purified B.multiplied   C.tainted D.blended
43.One of the most noticeable features ofU.S society is the diversity of its people.
A.liberty    B.democracy    C.vatiety  D.origin
44.The controversy about abortionhas been going on in the United  States for mor than twenty years.
A.resentment B.consensus C.notion D.dispute
45.As human settlement advance ,the tropical forests areretreating and becoming smaller every year.
A.retrieving B.sprawling C.consuming D.withdrawing
46.The war’s impact on the population ofthe country was catastrophic.
A.influential B.disastrous C.apparent D.criticala
47.His physican told him that not to takemuch of the drug because it was very potent.
A.bitter B.irritant C.effective D.powerful
48.Certain drugs can cause transientside effects ,such as sleepiness.
A.permanent B.residual C.irreversible D.fleeting
49.Nervous illness may stem from beingtreated inconsiderately in childhood.
A.complain B. give rise to C.originate in D.dominate over
50.Both a person’s heredity and hissurroundings help to shape his chacter.
A.form    B.correct    C.modify   D.improve

Part = 3 \* ROMAN III Cloze(10%)

There were red faces at one of Britain’s biggest banks recently.They had accepted a telephone order to buy ＄100,000 worth of shares from a fifteen-old schoolboy (they thoughthe was twenty-one). The shares fell in value and the schoolboy was unable to 51 . The bank lost ＄20,000 on the 52 that itcannot get back because ,for one thing, this young speculator does not have themoney and , for another, 53 undereighteen, he is not legally liable forhis debts. If the shares had risen in value by the same amount that they fell,he would have pocketed ＄20,000 54 . Not bad for afifteen-yeat-old. It certainly is better than 55the morning newspaper. In another recent case, a boy of fourteen found , in hisgrandfather’s house , a suitcase full of foreign banknotes .The clean, crispbanknotes looked very 56 but they werenow not used in their country of origin or anywhere else. This young boy 57 straight to the nearest bank with his pocketsfilled with notes. The cashers did not realize that the country in 58 had reduced the value of its currincy by 90%,they exchanged the notes at their face value at the current exchange rate.Inthree days, before he was found out, he took ＄20,000 from nine different banks. 59,he had already spend more than half of this on taxi-rides, restraurant meal ,concert tickets and presents for his many new girlfriends( at least he wasgenerous! ) before the police caught up with him. Because he is also undereighteen the bank shave 60 a lot of money,and several cashiers have lost jobs.
51.A.pay off B.pay up   C.pay for D.pay out
52.A.principle B.criterion C.custom D.deal
53.A.to be B.having been C.being D.is
54.A.profit B.advantage C.benefit D.commission
55.A.sending B.transmitting C.delivering D.dispatching
56.A.convincing B.valuable C.unusual   D.priceless
57.A.came B.pull   C.headed D.pushed
58.A.problem B.question  C.talk    D.saying
59.A.Interestingly B.Unfortunately   C.Particularly    D.Amazingly
60.A.kissed goodbye to B. got rid of C.lived up to D.made for
Part = 4 \* ROMAN IV(30%)
Passage 1
Ina society where all aspects of our lives are dictated by scientific advances intechnology, science is the essence of our existence.Without the vast advancesmade by chemists ,physicists, biologist , geologist, and other diligentscientists, our standards of living would decline, our flourishing., wealthynation might come to an economic depression, and our people would suffer fromdisease that could not be cured. As a society we ignorantly take advantage ofthe amenities provided by science, yet our lives would be alteredinterminablywithout them.
Health care, one of the aspects of our societythat separates us from our archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively onscientific discoveries and advances. Without the caccines created by doctors, diseasesuch as polio , measles,hepatitis, and the flu would pose a threat to ourcitizens, for although some of these disease may not be deadly, their sideeffects can be a vast detriment to an individual affected with the disease.
  In addition , science has developed perhapsthe most awe-inspiring, vital invention in the history of the world, thecomputer. Without the presence of this machine,our world could exist, but theconvenience brought into life by the computer are unparalleled.
Despite the greatness of present-day innovators and scientists and theirrevelations,it is requisite to examine the amenities of science that ourculture so blatantly disregards. For instance,the light bulb,electricity,thetelephone, running water, and the automobile are present-day staples of oursociety;however,they were not present until scientists discovered them.
Because of the contribution of scientist, our world is evermetamorphosing,and this metamorphosis economically and personally comprise oursociety, whether our society is cognizant of认识到 this or not.
61．In the first paragraph the author implies that we____
A.would not survive without science
B.take the amenities of science for granted
C.could have raised the standards of living with science
D.would be free of disease because of scientific advances
62. The author uses health care andvaccines to illustrate ____
A.how science has been developed
B.what science means to society
C.what the nature of science is
D.how disease affects society
63. Nothing , according to the author ,canmatch the invetion of the cumputer in term of ____
A.power   B.novelty   C.benefits  D.complexity
64. The author seems to be unhappy about ____
A.people’s ingnorance of their culture
B.people’s ingnoring the amenities of science
C. people’s making no contributions to society
D. people’s misunderstanding of scientific advance.
65.The author’s tone in the passage is ____
A.critieal
B.cognizant
C.appreciative
D.paradoxical
passage 2
Biotechnology is expected to bring important advances in medical diagnosisand therpy ,in solving food problems, in energy saving, inenvironmentally compatible industrial and agricultural production, and inspecially targeted environmental protection projects.Genetically alteredmicroorganisms can break down a wide range of pollutions by being used , forexample, in bio-filters and wastewater-treatment facilities, and in theclean-up of polluted sites. Genetically altered modified organisms can alsoalleviate environmental burdens by reducing the need for pestcides, fertilizers,and medications.
Sustainability,as a strategic aim, involves optimizing the interactions between nature, society,and the economy, in according with ecological criteria .Political leader and scientist alike face thechallenge of recognizing interrelationships and interactions betweenecological, economic, and social factors and taking account of these factorswhen seeking solution strategies . To meet this challenge, decision-makersrequire interdisciplinary approches and strategies that cut acrosspoliticallines. Environmental discussion must become more objective, and this includes,especially, debates about the risks or new technologies , which are oftenideologically charged. In light of the complex issue involved in sustainabledevelopment ,we need clearer standards for orienting and assessing ourenvironmental policy.
Sustainable development can succeed only if all areas of thepolitical sector, of society ,and of science accept the concept and worktogether to implement it.A common basic understanding of environmental ethicsis needed to ensure that protection of the natural foundation of life becomes amajor consideration in all political and individual action. A dialogue among representativesof all sectors of society is needed if appropriate environmental policies areto be divised and implemented.
66. Biotechology ____
A.can help save enery and integrate industry and agriculture
B.can rid humans of disease and solve food problems
C.can treat pollution and protect environment
D .all of the above
67.Wastewater can be treated ____
A.in genetic engineering
B.by means of biotechology
C.in agriculture as well as industrial
D.without the need for breaking down pollutants
68.When he says approachesand strategies that cut across political lines,the author means that they ____
A.involve ecomic issues
B.observe ecological criteria
C.are politically significant
D.overcome political barriers
69. It can be inferred from the passagethat the complexity of sustainable development ____
A.makes it necessary to improve the assessing standards
B.renders enviromental discussion possible
C.charges new technology risks
D.requires simplification
70.The success of sustainable developmentlies in ____
A.its concept to be
B.good social teamwork
C.appropriate environmental policies
D.the representatives of all sectors of society
passage 3
people from around the world flock to the United States expecting tofind a better life.But to scientists surprise,a growing body of evidenceindicates that increasing familiarity with U.S culture and society rendersimmigrants and their children for more susceptible to many mental and physicalailments, even if they attain financial success.
Thelatest study of this phenomenon,directed by epidemiologist William A.Vega ofthe University of Texas, San  Antonio, finds much higher rates of majordepression,substance abuse, and other mental disorders in U.S-bornMexican-Americans compared with both recent and long-standingMexican-Americans.This pattern held regardless of education of income levels.
Vega’s results appear at the same time as the release of a nationalreport on declining physical and mental health in childrin of immigrantfamilies.A panel convened by the national research council and the institute ofmedicine,both in Washingto,D.C.,reviewed previous studies and concluded thatassimilation into a U.S.lifestyle may undermine the overallhealth of immigrantchildren much more than being poor does.
Incontrast,studies of nonimmigrant U.S. residents usually link povertyto poor physical and mental health.
“The material on immigrant health shocked me when we first reviewedit”,says panel member Arthus M.Kleinman,a psychiatrist at HarvardMedical Schoolin Boston. “Vega’s study is consistent with thepanel’s conclusion that immigrants’ health deteriorate with assimilation toU.S. society, declining toward general US. norms,” says Kleinman. Other studieshave indicated that citizens of many countries ,including Mexico, are healthier overall than US citizen.
Vega’s team interviewed 3012 adults of Mexican origin, ages 18-59 ,living in Fresno County,Calif.Of that number,1810 peopleidentified themselves as immigrants. Interviews were in English orSpanish.Interviewers expressed an interesting in health issues only and triedto minimize any tendency of participants to lie---due to US residencyconcerns--- about having immigranted.
Nearly one-half of US-born Mexican-Americans had suffered from atleast one of 12 psychiatricdisorders at some time in their lives,compared with only one-quarter ofimmigrants. Common mental conditions in US-born individiuals included majordepression,phobias and other anxiety disorders,and substance abuse anddependece.
Prevalence rates for mental disorders were lowest for those who hadimmigrated within the past 13 years.The high rates found among immigrants of 13or more years still fell considerably below those for the native-born group.
71.Vega’s group was surprised to find worsephysical and mental health in ____
A.both recent and long-standing Mexican-American immigrants
B.the immigrants who received fewer years of education
C.the financially disadvantaged immigrants
D.US-born Mexican-American
72.The scientists found that the immigrants’declining physical and mental health is linked to ____
A.beingreluctant to assimilate into the US lifestyle
B.blending with USculture and society
C.working hard for a better life
D.being poor
73. Vega and Kleinman____
A.are divided over the phenomenon be divided on sth
B.ascribe the phenomenon to racial discrimination
C.puzzle over the phenomenon
D.seem to see eye to eye on the phenomenon
74. Vega’s team interviewed the immigrants____
A.for their USresidency concerns
B.for their identifications
C.for theis health issues
D.all of above
75. Which of the following groups is leastsusceptible to mental disorders?
A.The US-born Mexican-Americans
B.The immigrants of 13 ormore years
C. The immigrants of financial success
D. The immigrants of less than13
Passage 4
Rain is not what it used to be. A new study reveals that much of theprecipitation in Europe contains such highlevels of dissolved pesticides that it would be illegal to supply it asdrinking water.
“Studiesin Switzerland have found that rain is laced with toxic levels of atrazine,regularly exceeded in rain”,says Stephan Muller, a chemist at the Wwiss FederalInstitute for Environmental Science and Technlgy in Dubendorf.The chemicalsappear to have evaporated from fields and become part of the clouds.
Both the Europe Union and Switzerland have set a limit of 100nanograms for any particular pesticide of driking warter. But ,especially inthe first minutes of a heavy storm,rain can contain much more than that.
Ina study to be published by Muller and his collegue Thomas Bucheli in Anslytical Chemistry this summer,onesample of rainwater contained almost 4000 nanograms per liter of 2,4-dinitrophinol, a widely used pesticide.Previously,the author had shown that inrain sample taken from 41 storms ,nine contained more than 100 nanograms ofatrazine per liter,one of them around 900 nanograms.
Inthe latest study,the highest concentrations of pesticides turned up in thefirst rain after a ling dry spell,particalarly when local fields had recentlybeen sprayed,Until now , scientist had assumed that the pesticides onlyinfiltrated groundwater directly from fields.
Muller warns that the growing practice of using rainwater that fallsonto roofs to recharge underground water may be adding to be danger.This wateroften contains dissolved herbicides that had been added to roofing materials,such as bitumen sheets,to prevent vegetation growing.He suggests that the firstflush of rain should be diverted into sewers to minimize the pollution ofdrinking water,which is not usuaslly treated to remove these herbicides andpesticides.
76.According to the Swedish scientist ,thepestcides in rain ____
A.exceed those in crop sprays
B.can be traced back to crop sprays
C.are not as toxic as they used to be
D.are nothing but atrazine and alachlor
77. Muller and Bucheli found that2,4-dinitrophenol____
A.is widely used inagriculture
B.exceeded atrazine in the rain sample water
C.can be measured in the units of nanograms
D.was far in excess of limit in drinking water
78.Scientists used to hypothesize that ____
A.groundwater was sage for drinking water
B.herbicides and pesticides were harmless
C.pesticides containated groundwater of drinking water
D.rain would minimize the pollution of drinking water
79.Muller warns us not ____
A.not tap groundwarter for drinking water
B.to use such roofing materials as bitumen sheets
C.to let the first flush of rain recharge underground water
D.to divert the flush of rain into sewers without removing itsherbicides and pesticides
80.Which of the following can be the besttitle for the passage?
A.Drinkingwater
B.Rainwater and underground water
C.Agriculture and pesticides
D.Falling pesticides
Passage 5
Folk wisdom holds that the blind can hear better than people withsight.Scientists have a new reason to believe it.
Reasearch now indicates that blind and sighted people display the sameskill at locating a sound’s origin when using both ears ,but some blind peoplecan home in on sounds more accurately than their sighted counterparts when allhave one ear blocked.Canadian scientists described the work in the Sept.17 NATUR.
Participants in the study were tested individually in a sound-insulated room.They faced 16small,concealed loudspeakers arrayed in a semicircle a few feet away.With aheadrest keeping their head steady,the participants pointed to the perceivedorigins of the sounds.
Therearchers tested eight blind people,who had been completely sightless frombirth of since a very early age.They also tested three nearly blind persons,whohad some residual vision at the periphery of their gaze;seven sighted peoplewearing blindfolds;and 29 sighted people without blindfolds.All participants weretested beforehand to ensure that their hearing was normal.
When restricted to one-ear,or monaural,listening,four of the eight blindpeople identified sound sources more accurately than did the sightedpeople,says study co-author Michel Pare,a neuroscientist at the University ofMontreal.The sighted people showed especially poor localization of sounds fromthe speakers on the side of the blocked ear.
Insighted people who can hear with both ears,“the brain learns to rely on binaural (stereo) cues.These datasuggest that blind people haven’t learned that and Keep monaural cues as thedominant cues,”says Eric I.Knudsen,a neurobiologist at Stanford UniversitySchool Medicine ,“I find itsurpring.”
81. one thing is sure that participants inthe study ____
A.had normal hearing
B.were born blind
C.wore blind folds
D.were divided into 2 groups
82.Under what conditions, according to Pare,did theblind testees perform better than their sighted counterparts?
A.whenboth used one ear
B.when the speakers were concealed
C.when the sounds were turned down
D.when both were restricted to blindfolds
83.Knudsen explained the better hearing onthe part of 就…来说the blind in terms of ____
A.cognitive psychology
B.visual images
C.binaural cues
D.monaural cues
84.The Canadian scientists did their testto answer the question whether ____
A.the blind can hears as well as the sighted
B.the blind have hearing capabilities
C.blind people track sounds better
D.folk wisdom is educational
85.What Folk wisdom holds in the passage____
A.was scientifically tested in Canada and US,with differentresults produced
B.has been scientifically verifed
C.merits further investigation
D.is surprising to everyone
passage 6
“Igot cancer in my prostrate.”Detective Andy Sipowicz of the fictional 15^thPrecinct,a stoic,big bear of a man ,is clearly in a world of pain in a 1998episode of NYPD Blue.The story line deals not only with cancer but also withmedical screw-ups,hospital indignities,and physician arrogance.Themalapropism(Andy,of course,meant “prostate”) is about the only medical detailthe show got wrong-and it was deliberate,in keeping with Sipowicz’s coarsebuttenderhearted character.Television,which can still depict death as an eventakin to fainting,is beginning to try harder to get its health informationright.And a handful of foundations and consultants are working to get theattention of writers,producers ,and assorted Hollywood moguls,trying toconvince them that,in the area of medicine,the truth is as compelling as fiction.
Thestakes are high.Surveys show how surprising number of Americans get much oftheir basic health information not from their doctors,not even from newspapersof news magazines,but from entertainment television.A survey by the federalCenters for Disease and Prevention found that among people who watch soapoperas about disease and its prevention from the daytime serials.Some 7 percentactually visited a doctor because of something they viewed.
Certain television shows are naturals for health education. The ClintonAdminstation has been quick so recognize the potency of the entertainment mediaas a health promoter. Secretary Donna Shalala,whose Department of Health and HumanServices educates the public through traditional brochures and public serviceAnnouncements,has offered TV writers the sources of her department to help themensure accuracy.“Entertainmenttelevision reaches the hearts and minds of millions of Americans,”she told USNews.“In recentyears,I have challenged television talk-show hosts,writers and producers----asprofessionals,parents and citizens---to use this incredible power to helpAmericans get accurate public health information.”
86. The story line “I got cancer in my prostrate”’s intented to achieve a(n) ____ effect
A.amusing
B.serious
C.puzzling
D.saddening
87.The word malapropism in the first paragraph can be defined as ____ B?M&j
A.an improper scene in a show FYe#x]ue
B.a significant detail of a story z{;~$."
C.a wrong use of a word D1G9^7:^E
D.an interesting plot Zw@=WW[Q`p
88. we can infer from the passage that ____ jimWLF5Q5"
A.TV show must take into consideration the public healthconsequences vca]yK<u
B.viewers of TV shows can distinguish between fiction and truth NgI n\) =0
C.the TV staff are conscientiously responsible for the quality oftheir shows 2 Q bCH}
D.entertainment can be pursued at the cost of accuracy *I)F5M
89. Which of the following is NOT trueaccording to the passage? /Py1Q
A.TVshows are often misleading in medical details >~+qU&'2
B.TV’s role as a health promoter is already recognized v?6g. [;?
C.Official support is available for TV’s efforts to be scientificand accurate 58]C``u@Y
D.Entertainment is justified in making up absurd stories A!GQ4 .~%
90.The autor would be in favor of ____ :<QmG3F
A.absurd but entertaining TV shows AQ)DiH
B.mixing medicine and entertainment !_i;6UVG
C.medical documentaries on TV 5 Z]]xR[
D.a divorce between science and entertainment Y'&rSHI"
2003年博士英语考试作文参考答案 z79c30y]"
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Healthbegins with breakfast
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Most people ignore breakfast and skip it.In fact breakfast is of great importance to guarantee our heath and improve theefficiency of our work and study. So we should have it scientifically. ][?@))
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Breakfast for young children. Smallchildren need adequate protein and calcium, so it is good for them to havemeasurable milk, egg, and bread for breakfast. They should avoid eating foodthat is high in sugar in case of decayed teeth and fatness. pP|LSrY!
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Breakfast for teenagers. As adolescence isa vital period of growth, calcium, vitamin C and vitamin A are necessary foradolescents. Furthermore they should be provided with sufficient calories fortheir mental and physical activities YQ$Wif:@(n

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