考博英语写作绝招:各部分万能套用公式 1om :SHw
?d0I*bs)7
z{Z'2 ,
#
开头万能公式: u.x>::i&
qd(C%Wk
1. 开头万能公式一:名人名言 ,1EyT>
有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”,很好办:编! TZT i:\nS
原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? q+5g+9
经典句型: qasbK:}
A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言) YvL5>;
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. "VR>nyG%
(适用于自编名言) C|bnUN
更多经典句型: zBtlkBPu
As everyone knows, No one can deny that… u6Fm
qK]Dj
2. 开头万能公式二:数字统计 RTHD
2
原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。 3Cmbt_WV
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型: ?j9J6=2
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college q">lP(t
students wanted to further their study after their graduation. S#_g/3w
看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造: AP5[}$TT
Honesty jI%v[]V
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 `dekaRo
Travel by Bike i#]}k
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 >uT,Z,7O
Youth &u&+:m
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 67/J sL
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? &0cfTb)dG
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 W|h~&O
更多句型: qM78s>\-h
A recent statistics shows that … nX%b@cOXj
'/M9V{DD88
结尾万能公式: hS&3D6Gt
PJ}d-
1. 结尾万能公式一:如此结论 `t[b0; 'OH
说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子: z7TMg^9#
Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good 8'XAZSd(
manners arise from politeness and respect for others. @A32|p}
如果读者很难“显而见之”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! ?-M?{De
更多过渡短语: r+v?~m!
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus p1tqwV
更多句型: $O
nh2
^
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… ?
nx3#<
2. 结尾万能公式二:如此建议 >^Rkk{cc
如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽! EP
eKg{w
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve RZMR2fP%
the problem. H!SFSgAu
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢? *G rYB6MT
更多句型: B|WM;Y^
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. lV%oIf[OB
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be M'gGoH}B+q
taken. U80h0t%
写作的“七项基本原则”:一、 长 短 句原则 L(RI4d
L2\<iJA}c
工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: LX'z7fh
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is jouA
]E
to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to >U\1*F,Om,
satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite )kMF~S|H
similar. Oa.84a
如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记! &9K
ni/
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、 ;cEoc(<?
主 题 句原则 ,>p1:pga
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! 7Is:hx|:
特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! a^o'KN{
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully I+{2DY/}
prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation,
CK+t6Gp
you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 do.AesdXaq
一 二 三原则 8IkmFXj
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… $c{fPFe-
如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 }el7@Gv
1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗) a[_IG-l|i4
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) JIiS/]KQ
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗) 1/f{1k
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, VUi> ]v/e
lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) %Q]3`kxp
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) S]&:R)#@
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) QWc,JCu
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) k|,Y_h0Y
8)most important of all, moreover, finally Ht:\
z;cu
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) '}^qz#w
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) Q=61.lP6
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、 短语优先原则 oJZxRm[g$t
写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: 8@[S,[
I cannot bear it. d_,Ql708f
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. + ZKU2N*
I want it. @eM$S5&n$
可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. &:&~[4>%a
这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、 多实少虚原则
:>iN#)S
原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, UEx13!iFo
humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital Q6HghG
之类的形象词。再比如: >$tU @mq
走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room 02tt.0go
但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room h% KEg667
*****走出房间应该说:sail out of the room ,]@K,|pC)
小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room v6|j.;
老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room s=]NKJaQH
所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!六、 多变句式原则 {
"M2V+ep
1)加法(串联) S6}_N/;6~
都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, s1E 0atT
但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: 0%Le*C'yk
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. ZY8w1:'
如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: =tbfBK+
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. .^M#BAt2
其它的短语可以用: E}KGZSj
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover {:3\Ms#
2)转折(拐弯抹角) _
xym
批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 IIih9I`IR
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. ?QmtZG.$
The coat was thin, but it was warm. xVw@p
R;
更多的短语: ]E-3/r$_cO
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, _?:jZ1wZ
despite, notwithstanding @!=Ds'MJC
3)因果(so, so, so) JRi:MWR<r
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! @"`}%-b
The snow began to fall, so we went home. rH!sImz,
更多短语: A"ATtid
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a -N% V5 TN
result, for this reason, so that R;!@
xy
4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) U+qyS|i
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 W03mdRW
举例:This is what I can do. o S= !6h
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. o_`6oC"s
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分: j&,Gv@
When to go, Why he goes away… `@
YV
5)附加(多此一举) ?tY+P`S
如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 W]#w4Fp!
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. 7bk77`qWr
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. [:{
FR2*x
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. {7ji m
其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom lwq:0Rj@Q
or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 6w7;
6)排比(排山倒海句) kW)3naUf<
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! <HoCt8>U
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated LWv<mtuYf
or simple, there is plenty in London for you. Rpg g
:
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such 8j;Un]
as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean GZ~Tl0U
tides. ##6\~!P
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, YK)m6zW5
to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) wHbkF#[:i
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、 挑战极限原则 -y-}g[`
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀! > O?WRCB
原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: H3rA
?F#+*
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb ]rlZP1".
the Western Hills. w<9rTHG8,
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about *?X&Y8Kf
three times that of China. Ljy797{f
如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! nONuw;K
文章主体段落三大杀手锏:一、举实例 eS8(HI6{^
}n9(|i+
思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! $@z77td3
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted H+[?{+"#@l
every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as Wu][A\3D1
sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. U<j5s\Y,
For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will _w\9
\<%
ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the =<n ]T;
seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. d1D
f`
更多句型: s>>&3jfM
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, |}G"^r
for example二、做比较 e gq,)6>
方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; l?m"o-Gp3
世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through #p(gB)o:l
comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: qf0pi&q
相似的比较: X?_rD'3
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner }QI
\K
相反的比较: <X8Urum
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, #*.!J zOg
nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, }WsPu o
…三、换言之 07.p
{X R
没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 -gs
I:-Xo
实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! |nQfgl=V
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. lD0p=`.
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love [piK"
N
with you. Kki(A4;7F
或者上面我们举过的例子: hCQOwk#
I cannot bear it. 8>C4w 5kF
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. ko}& X=
因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with %j&vV>2
it or I am fed up with it. d*6f,z2=
更多短语: &;$uU
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more =zn'0g,J4
simply