QfT&y & 9(ANhG 动词及短语动词是博士生入学英语考试词汇部分的一个重要测试项目。该项目对考生的测试点包括:1)动词的认知能力和辨别能力;2)动词用法的掌握程度;3)动词搭配关系的熟练程度。据初步统计在硕士研究生入学考试5500个词汇中,大约有五分之一是动词及动词词组。因此,掌握好这批词汇直接关系到能否通过博士生入学英语词汇部分的考试。 f>-OwL($P
在动词部分中,考生首先应该具备较好的认知能力,即遇见一个动词后,能够较快地确定它的前两个或前三个词义。如:evolve v.,第一个词义是“使发展”,第二个词义是“使进化”,第三个词义是“推论”。在考试中,检查考生这一能力的题是比较多的;考生应该能够根据上下文确定动词的有关词义。在具备认知能力的基础上,考生还需掌握这些词汇的基本用法。如:forbid v. 后面不能用to smoke,只能用动词+ing的形式,即smoking;Occur v. (发生),只能用于主动语态,不能以被动的形式出现。最后,还要熟悉动词的基本搭配关系。如:concentrate和associate两个动词,其后面的介词一般只能是on和with。以下是按照上面三种情况出现的词汇题: 8Z F Ps/HP
1. The diplomatic relations between the two countries have ____. 2+
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A. ticked away B. gone out m0XK?;\V
C. broken off D. rung up c,X\1yLy
2.The Constitution also provides that the organ of state must practice democratic centralism. SDDs}mV
A. supplies B. specifies )uZ<?bkQ
C. presents D. withhold tlI3jrgw
3.As a result, they had to ___ answering their letter by three days. C&Ow*~
A. decide B. refrain 8O("o7~"
C. surpass D. delay 2E
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第一句表示“外交关系终止”需用动词词组“break off"。 p\b:uy6#
第二句中的 "provide",第一个词义是“提供”或“供应”,第二个词义是“规定”。四个选择项中,“specify” 含有“规定”的意思,因此B是正确答案。第三句中只有“delay”一词的后面可以采用动名词,所以应该选择D。 >77
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考生在平时复习时,可以有意识地按照以上三点记忆动词和短语动词。在准备动词词汇部分时,考生还需注意以下几点。 >umcpkp-h
1. 不规则动词的词形变化: 有一定数量的动词,其过去式和过去分词与原形不同。这部分词汇在测试中起到较强的干扰作用。在5500词汇中类似动词较多,以下仅举部分例子: <;phc~0+
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 ^HX={(ddK
bear忍受 bore borne,born <P(d%XEl
bend弯曲 bent bent b ]1SuL
bid 表示 bade, bid bidden bid LL#7oBJdM
breed 繁殖 bred bred DIkD6n?V
abide 遵守abode,abided abode,abided xHZx5GJp9
arise 升起 arose arisen z,I7 PY& G
awake唤醒 awoke woke, awaken ,BOB &u
fling 扔,抛 flung flung AL&}WbUC
forbid禁止 forbade, forbad forbidden {~[H"h537t
freeze 结冰 froze frozen ORp6
shred 撕碎shredded, shred Bwn9ZYu#r
shredded,shred 1;080|,s
cast 投,掷 cast cast q'hMf?_
creep 爬 crept crept *{)[:;
dwell 留居dwelt, dwelled dwelt, dwelled B`T|M$Ug
2. 动词词形相近,词义不同: 有些动词在词形上相似,但其词义是不同的。考生在平时复习时,需注意对它们的辨别。例: `jvIcu5c
compliment vt. 赞美 ;!Ojb
He is complimented for his fine work. MDGcK/$')f
complement vt. 补充 ]J~37 35]
They need to complement the factory with more workers. ` {k>I^Pg
adapt vt. 使适应 Y^2`)':
We have to adapt our thinking to the new circumstances. B.'@~$
adopt vt. 采用 .hSacd
They have adopted close planting. ;]i&AAbj
类似的动词还有: !5?#^q
inquire vt. 打听,询问 Zo-E0[9
require vt. 要求,命令 }rn}r4_a
compel vt. 强迫,迫使屈从 " 5synfO
impel vt. 促成,推动 |Rhx&/
compress vt. 挤压 `[jQn;
comprise vt. 包括 InH
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confirm v. 证实 {iYu
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conform v. 符合 Q7N4@w;e
affect vt.影响 ~V`D@-VND
effect vt. 产生,引起 HvKueTQ
award vt. 授予!给予 i74^J +xk
reward vt. 奖赏,报答 _-o*3gmbQ
ensure vt. 保证,担保 +&4PGv53J
insure vt. 给……保险 oeDsJ6;
rescue vt. 援救, 营救 ::j'+_9
secure vt. 保护,使……安全 [YHvyfk~_
extinguish vt. 熄灭 cEsBKaN
distinguish vt. 区别,辨别 (e=ksah3>
wander vt. 漫游 c
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wonder vt. 惊叹 #_2V@F+,
contract vt. 缔结,订约 YUT"A{L
contact vt. 使接触 W#u}d2mP
respect vt. 尊重 @Sq=#f/=
suspect vt. 猜想 \#LKsQ
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类似的形近义不同的动词还有一些,注意了它们之间的词义差别,也有利于我们对这些动词的记忆与辨认。
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3. 动词词义相近,用法不同 @!0j)5%
consist vt. 一般用于主动态 7/PHg)&
This class consists of forty students. K[~Wj8W0
compose vt. 常用于被动语 -fL|e/
This country is composed of ten nations. 0
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insist v.后面需用介词on。 l>~:lBO
He insisted on going to the hospital tomorrow. wS``Q8K+dM
persist v.后面需用介词in。
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He persisted in working on this experiment. n 8AND0a1C
arrive vi.后面需采用at, in, on等介词。He arrived in Bejing yesterday. @]3(l
reach vt.及物动词,直接跟宾语 KS*W<_I
They reached the village yesterday. ?aOR ^ K
4. 动词后需用动名词: 有一批动词的后面只能使用动名词。在词汇考试部分中,有时要求考生能够正确判断动词的这一用法。这类常见动词有: 45kMIh~~X
anticipate avoid delay envy escape miss mind risk band enjoy complete imagine consider deny practice acknowledge appreciate favor facilitate postpone quit resent resume include :&?# ~NFH
favor )Bb :tz+
deny _j%Rm:m;<
例:He will consider giving us a chance to do the experiment. (g7nMrE$j
resume Q.z2 (&
permit K
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5.动词后需用不定式: 英语动词中,还有一些动词的后面只能使用不定式。这类常见动词有: L'aMXN
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claim arrange demand determine expect intend pretend promise afford refuse decide seek agree care learn manage presume desire consent prepare resolve undertake :6HMb^4
consented ZmmuP/~2K
decided ]\#RsVX
例:She refused to offer her help. oC4rL\d{
agreed GExG1n-
intended Z
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6. 动词后可用动名词或不定式: 还有一些动词的后面即可以使用动名词,也可以使用不定式。常见这类动词有: .*Hv^_
continue dislike prefer begin like propose remember deserve regret intend neglect attempt forget '
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7. 动词固定搭配: 动词的固定搭配是英语测试中的一个很重要的项目。动词的搭配关系主要反映在动词与介词、动词与名词的关系上。下面分组做一简单的介绍: /)oxuk&}c
1)动词与介词的搭配: tmb0zuJ&C!
call for 要求,需要 call off取消,放弃 p%3';7W\
carry off 夺取,夺去 come by得到,获得 #e8CuS
come up to达到,符合cut down削减,降低 FfD2
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break down损害,分解 PY>j?otD
break off终止,中断 F&cA!~
break out逃出,爆发 @kqy!5)K
break through突破,突围 %+pXzw`B
bring about 产生,引起 !2{MWj
bring forward 提出,提议 |#-Oz#Eg'
drop off 减弱, 减少 *-P@|eg
drop out退出, 离队 ||!k 3t#<
get over克服 give away泄漏 |=h>3Z=r!
get across使人了解 get at够得着 _@^msyoq
2)动词与名词的搭配 SR 43#!99Q
arrive at a conclusion 得出结论 }'@*Ol j
take in to consideration考虑到 i,)kI
commit a crime 犯罪 #vDe/o+=
make a decision 决定 l7x%G@1#~W
reach an agreement达成协议 |f
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break one's promise 违约 Wo2M}]0
take action 采取行动 dvXu?F55
keep balance 保持平衡 `q5*VqIhs
catch one's breath 喘气 _C*}14
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accept a challenge 应战 t;4{l`dk
take a risk 承担风险
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keep sb. company 陪伴某人 HZP`u >.
keep one's head 保持镇定 Y)a 7osML
lose heart 失去勇气 `Y(/G"]
take shape 成型,形成 XS1>ti|<
resist temptation 抵制诱惑
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3)动词与名词和介词的搭配 y\@XW*_?
have control over 对……控制 yt<K!=7&
attach importance to 重视 | 9(uiWf
hold an inquiry into sth. 某事进行调查 gx9H=c>/
gain an advantage over 胜过,优于 M VsIyP
make the acquaintance of sb. 结识某人 NDI|;
make an apology to sb. 向某人道歉 1YS{;
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make comments on sth. 评论某事 |#MA?oz3T
lose contact with 与……失去联系 U`:$1*(`
express sympathy for 对某人表示慰问 eR;cl$