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沙发发表于: 2016-07-14

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

2014年川大考博英语真题

I．ReadingComprehension (30%; one mark each)
Directions: Readthe following six passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing[A], [B], [C], or [D]. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

PassageOne
In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprisesdirected by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small,well-oiledcog in the machinery. Theoiling is done with higher wages, Nell-ventilated factories and piped music,and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling doesnot alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he is bored with it. Infact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets whodance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they mightfind themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable toacquire any real satisfaction of interesting life. They live and die withoutever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence asemotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Theirlives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even moreinsecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To bepromoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter ofself-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested forintelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness andindependence. From the moment on they are tested again and again-by thepsychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, whojudge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constantneed to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitorcreates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness andillness.
Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode ofproduction or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainlynot. Problems the never solved by returning to a stage which one has alreadyoutgrown. I suggest transforming our social system form, a bureaucraticallymanaged industrialism in which maxima, production and consumption are ends inthemselves, into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development ofhis potentialities-those of all love and of reason-are the aims of socialarrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this endand should be prevented from ruling man.

1.By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to deliver the ideathat man is ____.
[A] a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function isnegligible
[B] working in complete harmony with the rest of the society
[C] an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society
[D] a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly
2.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ____.
[A] they are likely to lose their jobs
[B] they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life
[C] they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence
[D] they are deprived of their individuality and independence
3.From the passage we can conclude that real happiness of life belongs to those____.
[A] who are at the bottom of the society
[B] who are higher up in their social status
[C] who prove better than their fellow-competitors
[D] who could dip fir away from this competitive world
4.To solve the present social problems the author puts forward a suggestion thatwe should ____.
[A] resort to the production mode of our ancestors
[B] offer higher wages to the workers and employees
[C] enable man to fully develop his potentialities
[D] take the fundamental realities for granted
5.The author’s attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of____.
[A]approval                                        [B] dissatisfaction
[C]suspicion                                        [D] susceptibility

PassageTwo
The government-run command post in Tunis is staffed around theclock by military personnel, meteorologists and civilians. On the wall aremaps, crisscrossed with brightly colors arrows that painstakingly track thefearsome path of the enemy.
What kind of invader gives rise to such high-level monitoring? Notman, not beast, but the lowly desert locust（蝗虫）. Inrecent moths, billions of the 3-inch-long winged warriors have descended onAlgeria, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia, blackening the sky and eating up crops andvegetation. The insect invasion, the worst in 30 years, is already creatinggreat destruction in the Middle East and is now treating southern Europe. Thecurrent crisis began in late 1985 near the Red Sea. Unusually rainy weathermoistened the sands of the Sudan, making them ideal breeding grounds for thelocust, which lays its eggs in the earth. The insect onslaught threatens tocreate yet another African famine. Each locust can eat its weight (not quite atenth of an ounce) in vegetation every 24 hours. A good-size swarm of 50billion insects eats up 100,000 tons of grass, trees and crops in a singlenight.
All $150 million may be needed this year. The U.S. has providedtwo spraying planes and about 50,000 gal. of pesticide. The European Communityhas donated $3.8 million in aid and the Soviet Union, Canada, Japan and Chinahave provided chemical-spraying aircraft to help wipe out the pests. But reliefefforts are hampered by the relative mildness of approved pesticides, whichquickly lose their deadly punch and require frequent replications. The mosteffective locust killer Dieldrin has been linked to cancer and is banned bymany Western countries and some of the affected African nations. More than 5million acres have been dusted with locust-killing chemicals; another 5 millionwill be treated by the end of June.
On May 30, representatives of Tunisia, Algeria, Libya, Morocco andMauritania will meet in Algiers to discuss tactics to wipe out the ravenousswarms. The move is an important step, but whatever plan is devised, the locustplague promised to get worse before the insects can be brought under control.
6.The main idea of the first sentence in the passage is that ____.
[A] the command post is stationed with people all the time.
[B] the command post is crowded with people all the time.
[C] there are clocks around the command post.
[D] the clock in the command post is taken care of by the staff.
7.The favorable breeding ground for the locust is ____.
[A] rich soil.
[B] wet land
[C] spaces covered crops and vegetation
[D] the Red Sea
8.People are alert at the threat of the locust because ____.
[A] the insects are likely to create another African famine.
[B] the insects may blacken the sky.
[C] the number of the insects increases drastically.
[D] the insects are gathering and moving in great speed.
9.Which of the following is true?
[A] Once the pesticides are used, locust will die immediately.
[B] Relief efforts are proved most fruitful due to the effectiveness of certainpesticides.
[C] Dieldrin, the most effective locust killer, has been widely accepted inmany countries.
  [D] Over 10 millionacres of affected area will have been treated with locust-killing chemicals bythe end of June.
10.The purpose for affected nations to meet in Algiers on May 30 is ____.
[A] to devise antilocust plans.
[B] to wipe out the swarms in two years.
[C] to call out for additional financial aid from other nations.
[D] to bring the insects under control before the plague gets worse.

PassageThree
The London 2012 sustainability watchdog embroiled in a row over the sportsship ofthe Olympic Stadium by Dow Chemical is to push the International OlympicCommittee to appoint an “ethics champion” for future Games.
The Commission for a Sustainable London 2012 has been bruised bycriticism over Dow’s sponsorship of the wrap that will surround the Olympicstadium, particularly since commissioner Meredith Alexander last month resignedin protest.
Campaigners believe that Dow has ongoing liabilities relating tothe 1984 Bhopal disaster that resulted in the deaths of an estimated 20,000people and the serious injury of tens of thousands more. Dow, which bought theowner of the plant in 2001, insists that all liabilities have been settled infull.
Commission chairman Shaun McCarthy said that its tightsustainability remit did not extend to acting as moral guardian of the Olympicmovement but that it would press for such a role to be created when evaluatingsponsors for future Games.
In addition to sponsoring the 7m pounds wrap that will surroundthe Olympic Stadium, Dow has a separate 100m dollars sponsorship deal with theIOC that was signed in 2010.
But McCarthy also defended the commission’s role in evaluating theDow deal, after Amnesty International wrote to London 2012 chairman Lord Coe toraise the issue.
“What has been lost in all of this story is that a reallyexcellent, sustainable product has been procured, we looked at Locog’sexamination of Dow Chemical’s current corporate responsibility policies and,again, Dow achieved that highest score in that evaluation. We verified that.”said McCarthy.
“As far as the history is concerned and issues around Bhopal,there is no doubt Bhopal was a terrible disaster and snore injustice was doneto the victims. Who is responsible for that injustice is a matter for thecourts and a matter for others. We have a specific remit and terms of referencethat we operate under and we have operated diligently under those terms.”
The commission will on Thursday release its annual review. Itfinds that “good press” has been made to wands many of Locog’s sustainabilitytarget, but that “major challenges” remain.
In particular, the commission found that there was no coherentstrategy to achieve a 20% reduction in carbon emissions after an earlier schemeto use renewable energy feel through when a wind turbine on the site provedimpractical.
“We had conversations with Locog over a year ago about this andsaid they had to demonstrate how they were going to achieve at least 20% carbonreductions through energy conservation if they’re not going to do it throughrenewable energy,” said McCarthy. “There are some good initiatives, but quitefrankly they just haven’t done it.”

11.Why was Dow’s sponsorship criticized according to the passage?
[A] The products are not sustainable.
[B] It was related to Bhopal disaster.
[C] It bribed the London Olympic committee.
[D] It can’t reduce 20% of the carbon emission.
12.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
[A] Commission’s role
[B] Commission’s achievements
[C] Commission’s complaints
[D] Commission’s defense
13.Which of the following words can best replace the underlined word “row” (Para.1)?
[A] line                                               [B] argument
[C]boating                                          [D] course
14.What is one of the challenges of the sustainability target mentioned in thepassage?
[A] Ethic champion of the games.
[B] Reduction in carbon emissions.
[C] The wind turbine proved to be impractical.
[D] Renewable energy is not available.
15.Which of the following can best summarize the passage?
[A] Commission defends its own role in evaluating controversial.
[B] Dow’s way to the 2012 London Olympic Games.
[C] Campaign against Dow’s sponsorship.
[D] IOC’s review on the controversy.

答案：

完型：67——71：CDBAC  72——76：ACBCB  77——81：ADCCB  82——86：DBBDA

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