考点二 过去分词 4<K ,w{I
1. 过去分词作定语 v"?PhO/{=
与现在分词类似,过去分词作定语常可和定语从句替换, 通常表示被动的含义. n3@g{4~
如:a theory derived from rich experience \?`d=n=
= a theory that has been derived from rich experience vNwSZ{JBd
a gas composed of four chemical elements EVE xL
= a gas that is composed of four chemical elements XC8z|A-@
单个分词可放在被修饰词之前,如:distinguished guests, unexpected trouble ne%OTr4dD
改错题中常考现在分词和过去分词的混用,关键看被修饰词和分词代表的动作是主动还是被动关系。 -QNMB4
例如: boiling water (沸腾的水,表示正在沸腾); boiled water(开水, 表示已经烧开) O|g!Y(
2. 同源现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别 K+TTYQ
有时一个动词词尾分别加上-ing和-ed就构成了一组同源现在分词和过去分词, 这样的例子在英语里很多, 如: interesting/interested, exciting/excited, disappointing/disappointed等, 这些由动词变化而来的分词已经被人们视为形容词了. 但是, 同源现在分词和过去分词做定语时有什么区别呢? MZ+IorZl
现在分词通常表示某个事物的特性, 通常用来修饰某事或某物, 含有“使人(令人)感到…”的意思, 如: an interesting novel, a confusing question等; o3[sF
过去分词通常表示人的感受或状态, 意思是“…的…”, 如: a worried look (焦虑的神情) {XUfxNDf
试比较: an interesting boy (一个有趣的男孩 - 让人觉得很有趣) QCY{D@7T
an interested boy (一个产生了兴趣的男孩 <OO/Tn'a
同样, 当同源现在分词和过去分词做表语时, 在意思上也存在同样的区别, 如: ;[\2/$-
The results are very disappointing. (结果很让人失望) KD3To%
We are very disappointed at the results. (我们对这样的结果很失望) V6!73 iY
例题: ).`a-Pv
(1) T_B.p*\BM
The University of Georgia, ----in 1785, was the first state supported university in the United States. a} fS2He
(A) chartered jW
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(B) was chartered >^ 1S26
(C) it was chartered }8]uZ)[p=
(D) to be chartered K#+]
答案:A "._WdY
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解释:本句主谓结构完整, 缺少的是主语的修饰成分, A构成过去分词短语作定语;B C 的动词结构与原句谓语冲突; D 不定式一般表示即将发生的动作, 与in 1785不符 d/zX%
(2) umrI4.1c
A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of time. -&$%m)wN
A B C D $I]x &cF
答案:C jmzvp6N$8
应改为:fixed -6 Si
解释:fix是动词,不能修饰名词period, 依句意改为分词fixed, “一段固定时间” Llc|j&yHQ
(3) hLD;U
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Closed plane figures like the square or the equilateral triangle can be grouped into a class ----polygons. 3Qr!?=nf
(A) called eQIi}
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(B) to call 0J-ux"kfI
(C) is called M#2U'jy
(D) call as 3VBV_/i;
答案:A J+|V[E<x
解释:此句主谓完整, 句中又无连词, 需填的只可能是非谓语成分, A 是过去分词短语作定语, 等效于which is called, 符合题意. C D 属谓语结构, 与原句谓语冲突; B 不定式表用途或目的, 意思不通 "?.Wb L
3. 过去分词作状语 &