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2004年博士研究生入学考试英语试题 ;ew3^i.du
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一、 本次考试由七个部分组成,分别为: I?).D?o
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I. Listening Comprehension ( 20 minutes; 15 points ) 8s,B,s.
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II. Reading Comprehension (50 minutes; 25 points ) t%<@k)hd~G
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III. Vocabulary and Structure ( 15 minutes; 10 points ) -ejH%CT
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IV. Short Answer Questions ( 15 minutes; 10 points ) H_RVGAbU
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V. Error Correction ( 10 minutes; 10 points ) QLq^[>n
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VI. Translation from Chinese into English ( 35 minutes; 15 points ) 'USol<
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VII. Composition ( 35 minutes; 15 points ) GqFDN],Wp
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二、 本考题满分为100分,全部考试时间为180分钟。 <NV
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三、 听力部分、阅读理解部分、词汇与结构部分为选择题,请将所选答案标明题号,涂在答题卡上。改错、简答题、翻译和写作答案写在答题纸上,所有答案写在草稿纸上或试题册上无效。 6
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I. Listening Comprehension ( 20 minutes, 15 points ) b?6-lYE>L
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Section A Wb*A};wE
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Directions: In this section, you’ll hear 10 short conversations. At the end of the conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. _#6_7=g@s6
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Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. huj 6Ysr
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1. A ) The lecture for next Monday is cancelled. oBfh1/<<a
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B ) The lecture wasn’t as successful as expected. ?P<8Zw
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C ) The woman doesn’t want to attend the lecture. ,(h:0L2v7d
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D ) The woman may attend next Monday’s lecture. 5F#Q1gP-
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2. A ) The woman has a very tight budget. QWqEe|}6
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B ) He does not think the fur coat is worth buying. 6Vr:?TI7
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C ) He’s willing to lend the woman money for the fur coat. a?_!
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D ) The woman is not careful enough in planning her spending. X~m*` UH
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C ) Find a bigger apartment for the lady. Wt$" f
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D ) Check the work done by the maintenance man. =f
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4. A ) The lens. B ) The price. C ) The flash. D ) The leather case. dm;C @.ML
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5. A ) She needs another haircut soon. w6b\l1Z
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B ) She thinks it worthwhile to try Santerbale’s. l"T{!Oq
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C ) She knows a less expensive place for a haircut. $w:7$:k
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D ) She would like to make an appointment for the man. Mg7nv\6
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6. A ) The woman doesn’t want to cook a meal. .>/Tc
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B ) The woman wants to have a picnic. } `X.^}oe
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C ) The woman has a poor memory. r~<I5MZY
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D ) The woman likes Mexican food. 0=WZ 8|R
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7. A ) Everyone enjoyed himself at John’s parties. ?PpGBm2f*
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B ) The woman didn’t enjoy John’s parties at all. RV%aFI )
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C ) It will be the first time for the man to attend John’s party. "OdR"M(G\
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D ) The woman is glad to be invited to John’s house-warming party. ZysZS%
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8. A ) She lacks confidence in herself. y*f5_
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B ) She is not interested in computer programming. ~_;x o?@ba
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C ) She has never signed up for any competition before. j/C.='?%
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D ) She is sure to win the programming contest. 7yp}*b{s
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9. A ) The man has an enormous amount of work to do. =9LeFrz
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B ) The man has made plans for his vacation. dHAI4Yf4U
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C ) The man’ll take work with him on his vacation. Lwy9QZL
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D ) Work stacked up during the man’s last vacation. xDJs0P4
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10. A ) She likes the job of feeding fish. NrNxI'MG
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B ) She finds her new job interesting. pyf/%9R:d
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C ) She feels unfit for her new job. ipIexv1/S
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D ) She’s not in good health. [VsTyqV a
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Section B 6dzY9
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Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of 65~X!90k
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Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. +i
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11. A ) Rally support for their movement. tr<iFT}C
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B ) Liberate women from tedious housework. zFq8xw
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C ) Claim their rights to equal job opportunities. x9U(,x6r
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D ) Express their anger against sex discrimination. j&c YRKpz
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12. A ) It will bring a lot of trouble to the local people. dpTeF`N
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B ) It is a popular form of art. z+k[HE^S
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C ) It will spoil the natural beauty of their surroundings. 9 :ubPqt
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D ) It is popular among rock stars. He}uE0^
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13. A ) To show that mindless graffiti can provoke violence. ?4^
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B ) To show that Londoners have a special liking for graffiti. [`]h23vRW
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C ) To show that graffiti, in some cases, can constitute a crime. /|HVp
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D ) To show that graffiti can make the environment more colorful. &>T7]])
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Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard. (z:DTe
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14. A ) The Asian elephant is easier to tame. {+SshT>J
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C ) The Asian elephant is less popular with tourists. Ne=o+ $.(
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D ) The Asian elephant produces ivory of a better quality. g:yUZ;U
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15. A ) From the captured or tamed elephants. dZ"B6L!^(
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B ) From the British wildlife protection group. %_>+K;<
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C ) From elephant hunters in Thailand and Burma. iL ](w3EM
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D ) From tourists visiting the Thai-Burmese border. rRK^vfoJ`
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16. A ) Their taming for circuses and zoos. %{sL/H_
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B ) The destruction of their natural homes. _Cd_i[K[
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C ) Man’s lack of knowledge about their behavior. Y2B",v"
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D ) Their greater vulnerability to extinction than other species. TX%W-J_
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Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard. 5YQq*$|'+
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17. A ) They had lost their jobs as a result of the Industrial Revolution. R[/]iK+!&
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B ) They had been suffering from political and religious oppression. [8b,}i 1
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D ) Their members might lose their jobs to the newcomers. x{B%TM-Ey
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D ) To put requirements on languages for newcomers. l6X\.oI
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B ) They had a hard time seeking equal job opportunities. OG_2k3v
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D ) They strongly opposed continued immigration. ,qgph^C
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Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension ( 50 minutes, 25 points ) G<C[A
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Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the best answer among them. fjUyx:
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If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired-rented at the lowest possible cost—much as one buys raw materials or equipment. v1yNVs\}
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The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central—usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm’s hierarchy. [s-Km/
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While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies. x4cP%{n
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As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can’t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear. 6mJa
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A) They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills. 2T &<jt
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B) They see the gaining of skills as their employees’ own business. ?Gc9^bB I
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C) They attach more importance to workers than equipment. Kd8V,teH
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D) They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition. G\S\Qe{
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22. What is the position of the head of human-resource management in an American firm? .%7#o
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B) His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced. [#>ji+%=
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C) He is directly under the chief financial executive. 7u]0dHj
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C) workers who lack basic background skills
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24. According to the passage, the decisive factor in maintaining a firm’s competitive advantage is . %1fH-:c=C0
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A) American firms are different from Japanese and Germany firms in human-resource management. P3se"pP
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B) Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective human-resource management. 6}"P m
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C) The head of human-resource management must be in the central position in a firm’s hierarchy. 6KPM4#61o
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D) The human-resource management strategies of American firms affect their competitive capacity. rlr
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Questions 26—30 are based on the following passage: j+AAhn
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For millions of years before the appearance of the electric light, shift work, all-night cable TV and the Internet, earth’s creatures evolved on a planet with predictable and reassuring 24-hout rhythms. Our biological locks are set for this daily cycle. Simply, our bodies want to sleep at night and be awake during the day. Most women and men need between eight and eight and a half hours of sleep a night to function properly throughout their lives. ( Contrary to popular belief, humans don’t need less sleep as they age.) SskvxH+7
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But on average, Americans sleep only about seven and a half hours per night, a marked drop from the nine hours they averaged in 1910. What’s worse, nearly one third of all Americans get less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night. For most people, that’s not nearly enough. >+y[HTf-
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Finding ways to get more and better sleep can be a challenge. Scientists have identified more than 80 different sleep disorders. Some sleep disorders are genetic. But many problems are caused by staying up late and by traveling frequently between time ones or by working nights. Dr. James F. Jones at National Jewish Medical and Research Center in Denver says that sleep disorders are often diagnosed as other discomforts. About one third of the patients referred to him with possible chronic fatigue syndrome actually have treatable sleep disorders. “ Before we do anything else, we look at their sleep,” Jones says. KDr?<"2L
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Sleep experts says that most people would benefit from a good look at their sleep patterns “ My motto (座右铭) is ‘ Sleep defensively’,” says Mary Carskadon of Brown University. She says people need to carve out sufficient time to sleep, even if it means giving up other things. Sleep routines—like going to bed and getting up at the same time every day—are important. Pre-bedtime activities also make a difference. As with Elsner, who used to suffer from sleeplessness, a few lifestyle changes—avoiding stimulants and late meals, exercising hours before bedtime, relaxing with a hot bath—yield better sleep. o?(({HH
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26 What is TRUE of human sleep? uFQ;}k;}
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A. On average, people in the U.S. today sleep less per night than they used to. AjBwj5K
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B. For most people, less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night is enough. AyHhq8Y
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C. Most people need less sleep when they grow older. 02B *cz_K
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D. Most people need seven and a half hours of sleep every night. _9 yb5_
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27. For our bodies to function properly, we should . !p$HS0c
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B. be able to predict the rhythms of our biological clocks #r5IwyL
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C. sleep for at least eight hours per night VpmwN`
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D. believe that we need less sleep as we age vNdMPulr{
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28.According to the author, many sleeping disorders are caused by . Eo
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C. other diseases SynL%Y9)|,
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29. Which of the following measures can help you sleep better? L>trLD1pt
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B. Traveling between time zones. jH5VrN*Q
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C. Staying up late. 4J~ZZ
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30. “ Sleep defensively” means that . (GCe D-
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B. people should give up going to bed and getting up at the same time every day DN X-\
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C. people should go to a doctor and have their problems diagnosed %U
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Questions 31—35 are based on the following passage: sX
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At Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997, it is became abundantly clear how complex it has become to work out international agreements relating to the environment because of economic concerns unique to each country. It is no longer enough to try to forbid certain activities or to reduce emissions of certain substances. The global challenges of the interlink between the environment and development increasingly bring us to the core of the economic life of states. During the late 1980s we were able, through international agreements, to make deep cuts in emissions harmful to the ozone layer. These reductions were made possible because substitutions had been found for many of the harmful chemicals and, more important, because the harmful substances could be replaced without negative effects on employment and the economies of states. 1w$X;q"
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Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem, we also know that effects of measure, especially harsh measures taken in some countries, would be nullified (抵消) if other countries do not control their emissions. Whereas the UN team on climate change has found that the emissions of carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60% to stabilize the content of CO, in the atmosphere, this path is not feasible for several reasons. Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy. Important and populous (人口众多的)low or medium-income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses. In addition, the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap. ~gi,ky^!
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We must, however, find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century. Such a commitment would require a degree of shared vision and common responsibilities new to humanity. Success lies in the force of imaginations, in imagining what would happen if we fail to act. Although many living in cold regions would welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summer, few would cheer the arrival of the subsequent tropical diseases, especially where there had been none. 5fa
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A. analyze the problem of global warming nl/~7({
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B. argue against making deep cuts in emissions ;8iK] ;^
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C. convince people that global warming is a real threat 7f_tH_(
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