文字上海交通大学 ' OJXllGi
一九九九年秋季博士生入学考试试题 )vy<q/o+
/\Q{i#
v
h2,AcM
Part One: Listening Comprehension (25 points) Section A: Spot Dictation IK}T.*[
DiruChons: In this section, you are going to hear a passage. The passage will be read only once. Fill in the blanks with the words you hear on the tape. After the passage, there will be 3-minute pause. During the pause, you must write the words on the Answer Sheet. Now, please get ready. m,=
$a\UC
As we grow up and grow old, our society offers us a sequence of (1) age-related roles, such as schoolchild, apprentice, college student, graduate, spouse, (2) executive, and retiree. Various role opportunities thus open or close to us at (3) point in our passage from the cradle to the grave. In this connection it is (4) to think of society as containing two fluid structures: a structure of ages, and a structure of roles. The (5) refers to the number and proportion of people in different age (6)-, such as infants, the middle¬aged, or the old. The latter refers to the number and types of roles that society makes (7) (U-p&q>z
such as those of warrior, airline captain, or grandparent. Both the age structure and the role structure of a society are (8) changing. V+D "_
Every society has to try to provide appropriate roles for its members, (9) wX|]8f2Z
the aged. In a small number of societies where (10) are very 9>zN 27
limited, there arc few roles for the old to play, and they may be (11) from z*x6V0'yt
the community to die. The Eskimo, for example, (12) left HqN|CwGgJ:
unproductive older members to perish in the snow, and (13) today the I3: }KZ/>Z;^
of Uganda leave the old and the infum to (14) to death. In most traditional societies, however, the aged are accorded an (15) role, so much so that people may took forward to old age. The old typically live out their lives in a large (16) family containing children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren Their life-long (17) makes them the repository of wisdom in the community, on subjects ranging from folklore to religion to (18) . Old men typically wield great political power as treads of families, and the aged of both sexes are usually (19) to remain active in the community and to perform some forms of light labor until (2.0) old age. 8N|*n"`}
Section B: Multiple Choice
`cZG&R
In this section, you will hear a passage. At the earl of the. passage, you R7l he& 5 gtxatiores. The passage and the qucahon wtjl be read only once. After each quesfan, thane will be a prose. Dwift the pauee, you must read the four wed moms mated A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Then Write your choice on the AnsaW Sheet. FRfMtxvU
21. A) Doctor Kapbn. >A1Yn]k
B) A university technician. C) A lab instmtor. D
Zh6/n#q
D) A specialist in science. 22 A) At the beginning. SuuWrt}5
B) In the mid(Oe. C) Near the end D) During the find exam. A"9aEOX-?i
23. A) To expisin the purpose of having lab experiences. B) To stress the brvartance of safety procedures. C) To tell them where to buy safety equipment. 2c+q~8Jv
D) To help them to understand their lab results. l~f +h?cF
24. A) An innovative scientist cannot take normal precautions while performing experiments. 5B98}N
B) An irwrntor must be Billing to make some painful personal sacrifices to achieve his or her goals. e348^S&rG
C) Precautionary measures must be followed in all laboratory work to crnsure one's safety and health. iJ
sw:Nc
D) Chemists with personal problems should never use toxic subslanccs. 25. A) Leave the room. . 4.VEE~sH$
B) Hand in their lab notebooks. 8q0f#/`v
C) Go to Professor Kaplan's office. D) Work on an experiment. =z@'vu$Fh
Section C: Question and Answer Jl^oDW
directions: In this section, you w-l hear a passage. The passage %vitl be read ordy anc:,. Then try to answer the follo%ing 5 questions. Remember you should write your anssvm on the Answer Sheet. Sb{S^w\m0
26. What would a man do when a woman got onto a crowded bus in the past'? 27. What does a roan do toda),? W<9GwMU
28. What, according to the author, is the cause of this change? 29. What will a girl insist on sa)ing if she is taken out for a meal? 30. What have men given up nowadays? auGt>,Zj\Q
Part II Vocabulary (20 points) j*6!7u.,K
Directions: In each question, decide which of the choices given will most suitably complete the sentences if inserted at the place marked. Write your choices on the Answer Sheet. ViVYyA
3I. The secretary was harshly——by her boss for misplacing some important files. 4CN8>J'-
A) rebuked B) teased ^_<pc|1
C) washed D) accused 3K#e]zoI
32.The jet airliner has ——from the Wright brothers’ small airplane. |\}f)Xp-
A) involved B) evolved Um9=<*p
' C) devolved D) revolved -''vxt?7H&
33. Chinese products enjoy high international prestige because of their , quality. fnXl60C%
A) indistinctive B) indisputable ow`\7qr
C) indispensable D) indistinguishable a%-Yl%#
34. This can something that the students may not have comprehended in :A
1,3g
English. v tPp}/a%D
A) signify B) specify >#8`Zy:/Y
C) clarify D) testify Q!|71{5U
35.1 must you on your handling of a very difficult situation. S"_vD
<q
A) meditate B) complement 95(VY)_6#A
C) elaborate D) compliment Xt~/8)&
36. I've had my car examined three times now but no mechanic has been able to the problem. :m+:%ke
K
A) deduce B) notify &V2G<gm0
C) highlight D) pinpoint gr-%9=Uq
37. Architectural pressure groups fought unsuccessfully to save a terrace of eighteenth century houses from _ $~9U-B\
A) abolition B) demolition U O[p
C) disruption D) dismantling hA~}6Qn
38.Having decided to rent a flat, we____ contacting all the accommodation dt, KztF#[64W^
agencies in the city. PB9<jj;
A) set out B) set to @yek6E&9
C) set about D) set off :Z+(H +lyZ
39. The police decided to the department store after they lmd received a bomb warning. >! c^
A) evict B) expel xr?r3Y~^e
C) abandon D) evacuate JUXK}0d%eN
40. If the work-force respected you, you wouldn't need to your authority so often, 4<O[d
A) affirm B) restrain %_3{Db`R>
C) assert D) maintain "iKK&%W
41. Miss Rosemary Adang went through the composition carefully to all errors from it. m.4y=69 &
A) eliminate B) terminate x,1&ml5
C) illuminate D) alleviate *J$=UG,u
42. Several months previously, the workers had petitioned the company for a 25 percent wage increase and of stricter safety regulations. lc/2!:g
A) implement B) endowment @%jzVF7
C) enforcement D) engagement ).vdKNzw
43. The rebel army __ the democratic government of the, country lawlessly. 8>epKFEg
A) overthrew B) overtook
*qR
tk
C) overturned D) overruled fj"S|]e
44. Judges are ____increasingly heavy fines for minor driving offences M1
oCa,8M+
A). i 18 B) demanding T8RQM1D_s
C) imparting D) imposing ~> }SOj3.9{c
45. The of all kinds of necessary goods was caused by natural calamity. %b_zUFHPp
A) variety B) scarcity bG
Sgph
C) solidarity D) commodity /Ia#udkNMp
46. It is essential to be on the for any signs of movement in the undergrowth 3*'!,gK~[
since there are poisonous snakes in the area. }LE/{]A
A) guard B) care )qxL@w.
C) alert D) alarm ",K6zALJ
47. She took up so many hobbies when she retired that she had hardly any time 7sFjO/a*
A) in hand B) at hand mM95BUB
C) on her hands D) at her hand S]9xqiJW
48. Working with the mentally handicapped requires considerable -`_ of patience; and understanding. yX)2
hj:s
A) means B) stocks 1ITa6vjS
C) provisions D) resources IYrO;
GQ
49. He still suffers from a rare t2-opical disease which he -,. while working to Africa. Ml)WY#7
A) infected B) incurred S[%86(,*gP
C contracted D) infested cy? EX~s4
50. Giving up smoking is just one of the ways to heart diseases. /]vg_&)=
A) ward off C) push off Dui<$jl0b
B) put off D) throw off 7.]xcJmt>'
51. There is no_______for hard work and perseverance of you want to succeed. ]~|zY5i!
. A) alteration B) equivalent [g%oo3`A
C) alternative D)substitute
Q#vur o
52. What the film company needs is a actor who can take on any kinds of roles. :,cSEST
A) diverse B) versatile 0BBWuNF.
C) variable D) changeable Yr0%ZYfN
53. With their modern, lightweight boat, they soon the older vessels in the race. z43 H]
A) overran B) exceeded {o;J'yjre1
C) outstripped D) caught up 4sG^bZ,
54. Research suggests that, heavy penalties do not act as a to potential criminals. . 1[^2f70n
A) deterrent B) prevention +nZx{d,wt
*O+N4tq
C) safeguard D) distraction 9GCxF`OB
55. There has been so much media of the coming election that people have got bored with it. _o<8R@1
A) circulation B) concern ;Qw>&24h[
C) broadcasting D) coverage p6>3
p
56. You've done more of the work than I have recently so I'll give up my day off' in qQ^]z8g6P
+A/n<VH
A) offset B)redress (?$
}Vp
C)herald D) compensate )5p0fw
with the usual formalities since we all know each other I>fEwMk
~
57. I think we can______with the usual formalities since we all know each other already. #lF8"@)a-$
A) dispose B) dispatch ?7(`2=J
C) dispense D) discharge |wWBV{^
58. He joined a computer dating scheme but so far it hasn't a suitable patter. F~&bgl[YZ
A) come by B) some across bW[Y:}Hk~
C) come up with D) come round to 29}(l#S}m
59. Have you thought what the _ might be if you didn't win your case in court? \_0nH`
A) applications B) connotations V"k*PLt
C) implications D) complications CH!Lf,G
64. I thought 1 saw water in the distance but it must have been an optical 1dHN<xy
A) perception B) delusion c]#F^(-A`
C) illusion D) deception /+iU1m'(
61. He was intensely_____ by the way the shop assistant spoke to him. 4E<iIA\x
A) intervened C) injected A6pPx1-&
B) irritated \"|E8A6/
D) insulated ):kDWc
62. The people who were _ hurt in the accident were taken to the only hospital in the immediate_________ 48W$,
A) vicinity B) mobility ~~
;J[Fp
C) velocity D) integrity bw&8"k>D?
63. With all his experience abroad he was a major to the company. tg.[.vKs
A) attendant B) asset p0>W}+8fF
C) attachment D) attribute A )tGB&
64. Don't thank me for helping in the garden. It was pleasure to be working out of doors. J7c(
qGJI2
A) mere B) sheer 9jBP|I{xI
C) plain D) simple 4'Potv@/
65. The peace of the public library was by the sound of a transistor radio. !EB<e5}8wK
A) shuttered "B) shattered >kU$bh.(
C) smashed D) fractured w|lA%H7`J
66. It is doubtless that those who wish to succeed should be {mr!E
A) aggressive B) possessive j0_)DG
C) cooperative D) conventional U9[QdC
67. The damp and cold weather had painfully the patient's rheumatism. iGlg@
A) activated B)aggregated @Fvp~]jCb
C) aggravated D) accelerated DP_ ]\V<sT
68.1 utterly your argument. In my opinion, you have distorted the facts. ?d&l_Pa0e
A) dispute B) refute % 8u97f W
C) confound D) decline lC|`DG-B
69.1 think you will find that the inconvenience of the diet is by the benefits. P'l'[Kz{'
A) out looked B) outranked rvfS[@>v
C) outfought D) outweighed %k3A`ClW
70. A good friend is one who will you when you arc in trouble. $ S(<7[Z
A) stand for B) stand by ,yf2kU
C) stand up to D) stand over .6C9N{?Tqf
Part III. Reading Comprehension (30 paints) pUF$Nq>og
Directions There are 6 passages in this pail. Each Passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. Each question or unfinished statement is given four suggested answers marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the one best answer and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. r`-=<@[
Passage One (`'(`x#
Some of the earliest diamonds known came from India. In the eighteenth century they were found in Brazil, and in 1866, huge deposits were found near Kimberley in South Africa. Though evidence of extensive diamond deposits has recently, been found in South Africa, the continent of Africa still produces nearly all the world's supply of these stones. n4Xh}KtH
The most valuable diamonds are large, individual crystals of pure crystal lint carbon. Less perfect forms, known as 'boars' and 'carbonado' arc clusters of tiny crystals. Until diamonds are cut and polished, they do not sparkle lice those you sec on a ring--they just look like small, blue-grey stones. Y2$wL9">
In a rather crude form the cutting and polishing of precious stones was an art known to the Ancient Egyptians, and in the Middle Ages it became 1Lidcspread iii north-west Europe. However, a revolutionary change in the methods of cutting and polishing was made in 1476 when Ludwig Van Berquen of Bruges in Belgium invented the use of a swiftly revolving wheel with its edge faced with fine diamond powder. The name 'boast' is given to this fine powder as well as the natural crystalline material already mentioned. It is also gimp to badly flawed or broken diamond crystals, useless as jewels, that are broken into powder for grinding purposes, the so-called `industrial' diamonds. 9696EQ,I
Diamond itself is the only material hard enough to cut and polish diamonds--though recently, high-intensity light beams called lasers have been developed which can bore holes in them. It may be necessary to split or cleave the large stones before they arc cut and polished. Every diamond has a natural line of cleavage, along which it may be split by a sharp blow with a cutting edge. V) xwl vX
A fully cut 'brilliant' diamond has 58 facets, or faces, regularly arranged. For cutting or faceting, the stones arc fixed into copper holders and held against a wheel, edged with a mixture of Oil and fine diamond dust, which is revolved at about 2,500 revolutions a minute. Amsterdam and Antwerp, in Holland and Belgium respectively, have been the centre of the diamond cutting and polishing industry for over seven centuries. 'wyS9^F
The jewel value of brilliant diamonds depends greatly on their colour, or `water' as it is called. The usual colours of diamonds are white, yellow, brown, green or blue- qL2!\zt>g
Surrounding rocks and take on their color. thus black ,red and even bright pink diamonds have occasionally been found. 1#tFO
The trade in diamonds Is not only in the valuable gem stones but also in the industrial diamonds mentioned above. Zaire produces 70% of such stones. They are fixed into the rock drills used in mining and civil engineering, also for edging band saws for cutting stone. Diamond-faced tools are used for cutting and drilling glass and fine porcelain and for dentists' drills. They are used as bearings in watches and other finely balanced instruments. Perhaps you own some diamonds without knowing it--in your wristwatch! {
gT4Oq__
71. 'Carbonado' is the name given to A) only the very best diamonds B) lumps of pure carbon = q\TWz
C) Spanish diamonds emT/5'y
D) diamonds made up of many small crystals nz2`YyR
72. The art of cutting and polishing precious stones remained crude until A) the fourteenth century xTnFJ$RK2
B) the fifteenth century >p*7)
C) the sixteenth century xyzYY}PS
D) the seventeenth century \JLea$TM:
73. During faceting, diamonds are held in copper holders GAP,$xAaW
A) to facilitate accurate cutting E[NszM[P
B) to make them shine more brilliantly >q&X#E<w
C) so that they can revolve more easily %p;;
aZG
D) as a steel holder might damage the diamond `(uN_zvH
74. The value order of `water' in diamond, _ N(J'h
$E
A) is more important than their colour
%w#z
B) ranges from blue-white upwards {zIcEN$ ~
C) ranges from blue-white downwards s|vx2-Cu]
D) has never been reliably established }IRD!
75. Industrial diamonds are used 7}L.(Jp9
A) for a wide range of purposes PR3i}y>
B) mainly for dentists' drills ntxa
FVD
C) for decoration in rings and watches IOddu2.(
D) principally in mass-produced jewellery %bp'`B=
Passage Two HDi_|{2^
Just about everyone knows the meaning of `value" though you'd never know it from the excesses of the Eighties. Clever campaigns often allowed marketers to charge more for their product and reap ever-higher profits. It worked like a dream until suddenly, facing difficult economic times, consumers work up. MX"M2>" pT
Now, to the extent that they're buying, many consumers are choosing the car that delivers the most for the money--not necessarily the one they coveted as a status symbol a few years ago, they are shifting to the toothpaste that works from the ones with it slickest promotions. Companies that understand this new consumer have come up wit something new: "value marketing". *+TO% {4
A word of caution is necessary. In marketing, watchwords quickly metamorphos into buzzwords--and value is no exception. We're not taping about ads that merely boast of a product's value or even such legitimate sates tools as price cuts and discount: Used correctly, value marketing amounts to much more than just stashing prices distributing coupons. It means giving the customer an improved product, with adds, features and enhancing the role of marketing itself: 14`S9SL{V
In value marketing, marketing becomes part of the system for delivering value t( the consumer. Instead of merely shaping image, such a program might offer enhance guarantees or longer warranties, ads that educate rather than hype, membership club: that build loyalty, frequent-buyer plans, improved communications with customer. through 800 numbers, or package design that makes the product easier to use or more environmentally friendly. /H*[~b
These and other value-marketing techniques can be expensive. They can tncar added production and marketing costs added to lower unit prices, Even so, the principle involved in value marketing value for money, an improved product, enhanced =Nice, and added features--are just %fiat U_S_ business needs to enhance its competitiveness in the global marketplace. That's why it will be all to the good if the commonsensical virtues of value marketing become part of the permanent strategy of U.S. business. G%fXHAs .+
76. Consumers have waken up because of >r>pM(h
A) the poor products they bought cwE?+vB
B) the high price they paid for what they bought C) the difficult economic times %O9P|04]3
D) a horrible dream gb=tc`
77. Many consumers are choosing the commodities W0S\g#
A) that are precious P N(<=v&E
B) that are warranted oXQI"?^+
C) that can show their status \I
7&F82e
D) that deliver the most for the money t(99m=9>
78. In the 1980s, people would like to go after the products Jq:Wt+a
A) that were most expensive G
Prq(
B) that were up-to-date xB_78X1
C) that could show their status D) that were in fashion l'1_Fb
79. Communications with customers malj be improved G[+{[W
A) through annual customers congress H on,-<
B) through ton free 800 numbers b?-KC\}v
C)through membership clubs %~\I*v04
D) through frequent education &23{(]eO
80. A value marketing program may not include V8G.KA "
A)daily visits to customers be]Zx`)k
B)longer warranties #.2} t0*]5
C)membership clubs ynn>d
D)environmentally friendly packages 0KN'\KE
[M?&JA