昆明理工大学2010年考博英语真题

昆明理工大学2010年博士研究生招生考试试题

考试科目代码： 1111 考试科目名称：英语
试题适用招生专业：所有专业
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I Listening Comprehension (10 points)
Directions：This Section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are two parts in this section. Part A and Part B. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section. You will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET.
Now look at Part A in your test booklet. You will hear the recording twice.
Part A (5 points)
Directions：Listen to the conversations and write down what he or she wants. You many read through the words and phrases below which will help you. Write down your answers (for example：A or B or H) on the Answer Sheet.
A. a return ticket B. ballet or theatre tickets C. tickets for a coach trip D. soup and fish
E. Jacket F. a pair of trousers 　 G. throat medicine 　 H. Typewriter
I. a newspaper and mints/ sweets J. Drinks K. a haircut L. a game of squash (壁球)

Number What does he or she want?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Part B (5 points)
Directions：In this part, you will hear two passages. After you have heard the passages and questions, try to choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter (A, B, C or D) on the Answer Sheet.
昆明理工大学2010年博士研究生招生考试试题
Passage 1
1. A. The English. B. Peter Minuit.
C. The Indians. D. The Dutch.
2. A. Because of its people. B. Because it is an old city.
C. Because of its location. D. Because it has a lot of culture.
3. A. Manhattan. B. Queens.
C. Brooklyn. D. The Bronx (布朗克斯区).
4. A. 1,350. B. 15,000.
C. 1,250. D. 13,500.
Passage 2
5. A. Grandville Ohio looks like a 20th-century town.
B. Farmers from Massachusetts left New England and then settled down there.
C. The Broad Way, the main street of the town is now the busiest and most prosperous district.
D. Many new comers come to Grandville to reside because they like the community spirit there.
6. A. Housewives spend a lot of time talking with friends when shopping.
B. Old men sit in the café, reading newspaper.
C. Small children run to school like birds.
D. Adolescents meet outside the drugstore talking with classmates.
7. A. Festival celebrations. B. A football game in spring.
C. Community events for different seasons. D. Supper at a Presbyterian church (基督教长老会).
8. A. A liberal arts college.
B. It is not a small college.
C. It is a fairly large college with 2,100 students.
D. It is a very small college with only 50 faculty members.
9. A. sports meetings B. theater and symphony concerts
C. art exhibits D. camping
10. A. They like change, yet still remain their conventional community life.
B. They want change and give up their town’s sense of history.
C. They oppose change.
D. They want to keep the community life only.

II Structure and Vocabulary ( 20 points )
Part A (10 points)
Directions: In this part, there are twenty incomplete sentences. For each sentence four alternatives A, B, C or D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.
11. My brother said he ______ told his examination results by the time I next saw him.
A. would be B. was to be
C. was to have been D. would have been
12. The doctors have tried ______ to save his life.
A. humanly possible everything B. humanly everything possible
C. everything possible humanly D. everything humanly possible
13. Some women ______ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.
昆明理工大学2010年博士研究生招生考试试题
A. must make B. would make
C. should have made D. could have made
14. Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children ______ a violent act previously seen on television.
A. modifying B. duplicating
C. accelerating D. stimulating
15. These kinds of material can ______heat and moisture.
A. delete B. compel
C. constrain D. repel
16. He is ______about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.
A. optimistic B. optional
C. outstanding D. obvious
17. The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be ______ the welfare of his animals.
A. critical about B. indignant at
C. indifferent to D. subject to
18. The chairman of the board ______ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.
A. compelled B. posed
C. pressed D. tempted
19. It is naïve to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with ______.
A. for long B. in and out
C. once for all D. by natures
20. This little girl has a particular ______ for chocolate. Whenever she sees it, she will snatch a bar and enjoy it to her heart’s content.
A. liking B. like
C. likable D. likely
21. Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, ______ the color of his skin.
A. with the exception of B. in the light of
C. by virtue of D. regardless of
22. Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full ______.
A. capacity B. strength
C. length D. possibility
23. I hate people who ______ the end of film that you haven’t seen before.
A. reveal B. rewrite
C. revise D. reverse
24. He’s watching TV? He’s ______ to be cleaning his room.
A. known B. supposed
C. regarded D. considered
25. He offered to ______ her a hand as the suitcase was too heavy for her to carry.
A. help B. show C. lend D. borrow
昆明理工大学2010年博士研究生招生考试试题
26. He ______ interrupted me by asking many irrelevant questions.
A. carelessly B. carefully C. continually D. consequently
27. Despite his occasional fondness for gambling, he is still considered as a good boy ______.
A. as the whole B. for the whole C. by the whole D. on the whole
28. Desert plants ______ two categories according to the way they deal with the problem of surviving drought.
A. fall into B. break down C. differ in D. refer to
29. In many countries tobacco and medicine are government ______.
A. control B. monopoly C. business D. belongings
30. When I try to understand ______ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.
A. why it does B. what it does C. what it is D. why it is

Part B (10 points)
Directions: In this part there are twenty sentences, each with one word or phrase underline. Choose one from the four choices A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.
31. The very sight of the imposing buildings assured these tourists of the significant changes in this city.
A. instinctive B. impressive C. institutional D. imaginary
32. The accepted criteria of adequate diet have been challenged by new discoveries in nutrition.
A. formations B. components C. standards D. ingredients
33. Senior citizens are advised to go in for some creative activities to keep themselves mentally young.
A. search for B. invest in C. engage in D. work out
34. Presumably, excessive consumption of fried foods has serious consequences as has been proved.
A. Theoretically B. Practically C. Incredibly D. Probably
35. The nasty language of local officials makes them seem very ignorant and rude.
A. artificial B. indecent C. humorous D. lively
36. Chinese farmers are mostly living a simple and thrifty life as it is today.
A. miserable B. economical C. luxurious D. sensible
37. The State Council will lay down new rules that aim to make management compatible with internationally accepted conventions.
A. conferences B. conversations C. practices D. formations
38. Without question, people’s lives in China have improved dramatically in the past two decades.
A. Out of the question B. No doubt C. Naturally D. Obviously
39. As a result of sophisticated technologies, this device has several advantages over like products.
A. traditional B. intelligent C. industrious D. advanced
40. Should either of these situations occur, wrong control actions might be taken and a potential accident sequence initiated.
A. imported B. installed C. started D. interviewed
41. A frequently cited example of the endangered Species is the panda.
A. worried B. neglected C. reduced D. mentioned
42. Some psychologists argue that the traditional idea “spare the rod and spoil the child” is not rational.
昆明理工大学2010年博士研究生招生考试试题
A. helpful B. kind C. sensible D. effective
43. John’s mindless exterior concealed a warm and kindhearted nature.
A. appearance B. personality C. outlook D. temper
44. Factors leading to the crisis included poor regulation, mismanagement and deception in the industry, and competition from other types of financial firms.
A. cheating B. pollution C. abuse D. depression
45. Beijing Television-Station Transmitting Tower really looks magnificent at night when it’s illuminated.
A. decorated B. illustrated C. lit up D. studied carefully
46. A good employer gives hints to his or her employees without interfering with their creativity.
A. freedom B. assistance C. clues D. funds
47. Courageous people think quickly and act without hesitation.
A. delay B. anxiety C. complaint D. consideration
48. Hardly a week goes by without some advance in technology that would have seemed incredible 50 years ago.
A. hard to imagine B. hard to believe C. hard to invent D. hard to understand
49. You have to pay a (n) premium for express delivery.
A. extra tip B. extra bonus C. extra charge D. extra price
50. An international treaty signed several years ago bans trade in plants and animals of endangered species.
A. promotes B. protects C. forbids D. eliminates

III. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points )
Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the BEST choices and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 1
Questions 51 to 54 are based on the following passage.
Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England.

“One man draws out the wire; another strengthens it; a third cuts it; a fourth points it; a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important business of making pins is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them.”
Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4,800 pins per worker. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, none of them could have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one.
There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took it for granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new; it only enables people to produce more of what they already have.
昆明理工大学2010年博士研究生招生考试试题
51. According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to ______.
A. take advantage of the division of labor
B. introduce the division of labor into England
C. understand the effects of the division of labor
D. explain the causes of the division of labor
52. Adam Smith mentioned the number 4,800 in order to ______.
A. show the advantages of the division of labor
B. show the advantages of the old craft system
C. emphasize how powerful the individual worker was
D. emphasize the importance of increased production
53. According to the writer, Adam Smith’s mistake was in believing that division of labor ______.
A. was an efficient way of organizing work
B. was an important development in methods of production
C. certainly led to economic development
D. increased the production of existing goods.
54. Which of the following could serve as an appropriate title for the passage?
A. Adam Smith, the English Economist
B. The Theory of Division of Labor
C. Division of Labor, an Efficient Way of Organizing Work
D. Adam Smith, the Last Discover of Division of Labor
Passage 2
Questions 55 to 58 are based on the following passage.
A quality education is the ultimate liberator. It can free people from poverty, giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society. It can also free communities and countries, allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible.
For this reason, the international community has committed itself to getting all the world’s children into primary school by 2015, a commitment known as Education for All.
Can education for all be achieved by 2015? The answer is definitely “yes”, although it is a difficult task. If we now measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing a minimum of five years of primary school, instead of just enrolling for classes, which used to be the measuring stick (量尺) for education, then the challenge becomes even more difficult. Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates. The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion.
Still, the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community. 59 of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher-performing systems. They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support. The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates of progress. But this is attainable with creative solutions, including use of information technologies, flexible and targeted foreign aid, and fewer people living in poverty.
A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country’s capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies, institutions and management. Where a country scores well on these criteria, foreign assistance can be highly effective.
55. In the first paragraph, the author suggests that a quality education can ______.
A. free countries from foreign rules B. speed up social progress
昆明理工大学2010年博士研究生招生考试试题
C. give people freedom D. liberate people from any exploitation
56. Ideally, the goal of the program of Education for All is to ______ by 2015.
A. get all the world’s children to complete primary school
B. enroll all the world’s children into primary school
C. give quality education to people of 88 countries
D. support those committed to transforming their education systems
57. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as the right policy?
A. Raising the efficiency of education systems.
B. Improving the quality of education.
C. Using information technologies.
D. Building more primary schools.
58. As can be gathered from the last paragraph, foreign aid ______.
A. may not be highly effective
B. is provided only when some criteria are met
C. alone makes development possible
D. is most effective for those countries lagging farthest behind
Passage 3
Questions 59 to 62 are based on the following passage.
In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m.. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it’s a matter of life and death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.
In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A., guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people form cultures that treat time differently; promptness is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U.S. no one would think of keeping a business friend waiting for an hour; it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late is expected to make a short apology. If he is less than 5 minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.
59. “The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m.”. Here “attached” means ______.
A. taken B. drawn C. given D. shown
60. Supposing one wants to make a telephone call at midnight, this would mean ______.
A. the matter is less important B. the matter is somewhat important
C. the matter requires immediate attention D. it is a matter of life and death
61. According to this passage, time plays an important role in ______.
A. everyday life B. private life C. communications D. transmission
62. The best title for this passage is ______.

昆明理工大学2010年博士研究生招生考试试题
A. The Voices of Time B. The Saving of Time
C. The Importance of an Announcement D. Time and Tide Wait for No Man
Passage 4
Questions 63 to 66 are based on the following passage.
One airline chief executive officer (CEO) was the master of the personal touch. Spending hours with his employees and getting to know their jobs, he persuaded them to accept pay cuts in return for an ownership stake. The concession put the company so solidly in the black (赢利) that the CEO was able to sell it for $860 million. Another CEO scolded managers in front of others, cut one third of the work force and so embittered (激怒) the survivors that his airline began to lose money, and the board of directors (董事会) fired him.
In any test of knowledge or IQ, the two CEOs would have dueled to a draw (不分胜负). The difference was their ability to handle relationships, argues Daniel Goleman in his new book, Working With Emotional Intelligence. Building on his 1995 best-seller, Emotional Intelligence, Goleman now probes how EI relates to the world of work. As he did in his earlier book, Goleman masterfully explains how a low EI hinders people’s full intellectual potential by flooding the brain with stress hormones (荷尔蒙) that impair (削弱) memory, learning and thinking. The heart of the book, though, is an analysis of data collected from more than 150 firms on what distinguishes so-so performers from superstars. Goleman’s findings: conventional intelligence takes second position to emotional intelligence in determining job performance.
In jobs ranging from repairman to scientist, IQ accounts for no more than 25 percent of the difference between, say, a successful high-tech entrepreneur and a failed one. In another surprise, the contribution of IQ shrinks and the contribution of EI rises with the difficulty of a job and how high it ranks in an organization. Based on traits that companies say distinguish winners from losers, Goleman concludes that EI carries much more weight that IQ in determining success at the top.
However, the many examples of CEOs and other people in top positions who have the emotional intelligence of a snake – but still were CEOs – undermine the case for EI’s indispensability in business. But even if you accept that EI determines who excels, you have to wonder if it should. Goleman describes how 112 entry-level (初级的) accountants were judged more or less successful by their bosses according to their level of EI rather than their actual skills. No wonder so many auditors（审计员）fail to notice cooked books.
63. According to Goleman, the biggest difference between the two CEOs described in the first paragraph lies in ______.
A. their attitude toward their employees B. their emotional intelligence
C. their conventional intelligence D. their business strategy
64. According to Goleman, which of the following persons owes the most to EI for his or her success?
A. Plumber.
B. Manager of the sales department.
C. President of a company.
D. Manager of the personnel department.
65. The phrase “cooked books” in the last sentence most probably means______.
A. falsified (伪造) account books
昆明理工大学2010年博士研究生招生考试试题
B. books containing information for preparation food
C. damaged books
D. pirated (盗版) books
66. The author of this passage regards Goleman’s findings as______.
A. very important B. very surprising
C. doubtful D. meaningless
Passage 5
Questions 67 to 70 are based on the following passage.
The existence of both racial and sexual discrimination in employment is well documented, and policy makers and responsible employers are particularly sensitive to the plight of the black female employee on the theory that she is doubly the victim of discrimination. That there exist differences in income between whites and blacks is clear, but it is not so clear that these differences are solely the result of racial discrimination in employment. The two groups differ in productivity, so basic economics dictates that their incomes will differ.
To obtain a true measure of the effect of racial discrimination in employment it is necessary to adjust the gross black/white income ratio for these productivity factors. White women in urban areas have a higher educational level than black women and can be expected to receive larger incomes. Moreover, State distribution of residence is important because blacks are overrepresented in the South, where wage rates are typically lower than elsewhere and where racial differentials in income are greater. Also, blacks are overrepresented in large cities, and incomes of blacks would be greater if blacks were distributed among cities of different sizes in the same manner as whites.
After standardization for the productivity factors, the income of black urban women is estimated to be between 108 and 125 percent of the income of white women. This indicates that productivity factors more than account for the actual white/black income differential for women. Despite their greater education, white women’s actual average income is only 2 to 5 percent higher than that of black women in the North. Unlike the situation of men, the evidence indicates that the money income of black urban women was as great as, or greater than, that of whites of similar productivity in the North, and probably in the United States as a whole.
At least two possible hypotheses may explain why the adjustment for productivity more than accounts for the observed income differential for women. First, there may be more discrimination against black men than against black women. The different occupational structures for men and women give some indication why this could be the case. Second, the data are consistent with the hypothesis that the intensity of discrimination against women differs little between whites and blacks. Therefore, racial discrimination adds little to effects of existing sex discrimination. These findings suggest that a black woman does not necessarily suffer relatively more discrimination in the labor market than does a white woman. Rather, for women, the effects of sexual discrimination are so pervasive that the effects of racial discrimination are negligible.
67. The primary purpose of the passage is to ______.
A. explain the reasons for the existence of income differentials between men and women
B. show that racial discrimination against black women in employment is less important than sexual discrimination
C. explore the ways in which productivity factors influence the earning power of black workers
D. sketch a history of racial and sexual discrimination against black and female workers in the labor market
昆明理工大学2010年博士研究生招生考试试题
68. Which of the following best describes the logical relationship between the two hypotheses presented in the fourth paragraph?
A. They may both be true since each phenomenon could contribute to the observed differential.
B. They are contradictory, and if one is proved to be correct, the other is proved incorrect.
C. They are independent of each other, and it is hard to establish any relationship between them.
D. The two hypotheses are logically connected so that it is impossible to prove either one to be true without also proving the other to be true.
69. If the second hypothesis mentioned by the author is correct, a general lessening of discrimination against women should lead to a(n) ______.
A. higher white/black income ratio for women
B. lower white/black income ratio for women
C. lower female/male income ratio
D. increase in the productivity of women
70. The author’s attitude toward racial and sexual discrimination in employment is one of ______.
A. apology
B. concern
C. indifference
D. indignation

IV. Translation (15 points)
Directions: Translate the following three paragraphs into Chinese and write your Chinese version on
the ANSWER SHEET:
1. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination; a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep spring of life.
2. Most of the power generated by mankind originates from the sun. It was sunlight that nurtured the early life that became today’s oil, gas and coal. It is the solar heating of the Earth’s atmosphere and oceans that fuels wave power, wind farms and hydroelectric schemes. But using the sun’s energy directly to generate power is rare. Solar cell accounts for less than 1% of the world’s electricity production.
3. In science and technology, we improved the national innovation system and strengthened basic research and infrastructure development. Important progress was made in major R&D (研究与开发) projects, including those to design and develop advanced integrated circuit chips, third-generation mobile communications, high-performance composite合成的materials, and high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools.

V. Writing (15 points)
Directions: Look at the following picture and then
1. Describe the picture
2. Present your arguments and comments
3. Give your suggestions
You should write at least 200 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
昆明理工大学2010年博士研究生招生考试试题
Use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and with relevant evidence.

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