考博英语

南京大学——英语2003年博士研究生入学考试试题

31. When the eye of the hurricane paused over there was a lull in the storm.
[ A ] fresh out, burst [ B ] calm interval [ C ]rise in the wind [ D ] freshening,
32, The officer indicted the suspect for sabotage.
[ A ] allowed [ B ] ordered [ C ] beseeched [ D ] charged
33. It was the very position that they scrambled for.
[ A ] aspired [ B ] fought [ C ] searched [ D ] longed
34. He promised that he would write legibly.
[ A ] in accordance with law [ B ] easily to be read
[ C ] not in accordance with law [ D ] difficult to be read
35. The rock was poised on the edge of the cliff.
[ A ] balanced [ B ] dangling [ C ] enhanced [ D ] perpendicular
36. He reciprocated by wishing her a pleasant journey.
[ A ] cut off [ B ] got back [ C ]] gave in return [ D ] put back
37. No remnants of the settlement of Roanoke were found by the next group of colonists.
[ A] traces [ B ] survivors [ C ] buildings [ D ] implements
38. When the bell rang, the chemistry student jerked her hand.
[A] abruptly pulled [ B ] clapped [ C ] gently moved [ D] rubbed
39. He is dubious about the success of the plan.
[A] ambiguous [ B ] articulate [ C ] indifferent [ D ] doubtful
40. In the 197O's, many governments' efforts to curb inflation were unsuccessful.
[ A ]resist [ B ] induce [ C ] sustain [ D ] control
41. The movie critic said that Airplane, the parody of disaster movies, was hilarious.
[ A ] suspensible [ B ] noisily merry [ C ] realistic [ D ] very tragic
42. In spite of medical advances, that disease is usually fatal.
[ A ] curable [ B ] painful [ C ] deadly [ D ] disabling
43. The sculptor, Lorenzo Ghiberti, blended medieval grace with Renaissance realism.
[A] produced [ B ] combined [ C ] invented [ D] discovered
44. Pilfering by company employees costs many businesses thousands of dollars each year.
[ A ] absent-mindedness [ B ] stealing [ C ] tardiness [ D ] ignorance
45. His special character impeded his ability to speak in front of large groups of people.
[ A ] hindered [ B ] halted [ C ] accelerated [ D ] fostered
Section B
Directions: Questions 46 -- 60 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.
46. The school could no__ building apartments for the staff members.
[ A ] run out [ B ] run out of [C] run to ID] run into
47. We had to wait some time before the menu was brought to us and our orders___
[ A ] taken [ B ] given [ C ] done [ D ] made
48. Anthropology can be an subject.
[ A ] abstemious [ B ] abstruse [ C ] ambidextrous [ D ] ambience
49. The Chairman of our dramatic society was in the middle of phoning me when we were
IAI cut in {B] cut off ICI cut down ID] cut out
50, Accidents and exhaustion may force more than half the cyclists to drop out ~fore reaching the
IAI dead line [ B ] end line [C] finish line ID] finishing line
51, The well-meaning lady always her opinions into matters of no concern to her.
[ A ] obtruded [ B ] intruded [ C J extruded [ D ] protruded
52. If you keep getting wrong numbers, your phone could be
IAI deceptive [ B ] defective ICI deficient ID] ineffective
53. Researchers claim it's all the high-rises in this area that make the on television sets so poor.
[ A] station [ B ] reception [ C ] programmed [ D] quality
54. The light of day can be seen at about four o'clock.
[ A ] incipient [ B ] incisive [ C ] incestuous [ D] incite
55. After spending so many days lost in the desert, he was suffering from severe
[A] hyper hydration [ B ] hypo hydration [ C ] sub hydration [ D ] dehydration
56. Henry Adams Joseph Williams as the Ambassador to Russia.
[ A ] supervised [ B ] superseded [ C ] superconductor [ D ] supercharged
57. The highest mountain in New Zealand, Mount Cook, is now 10 feet shorter because some of the__ at its top slid down in 1991.
[ A ] land [ B ] soil [C] earth [ D ] dirt
58. When Ken studied at Stanford University, he lived the University.
[ A ] out of [ B ] apart from IC] distant from [ D ] a long way from
59. On that bitterly cold winter night ,few people walked along the now narrow street.
[ A ] deserted [ B ] lonely [ C ] isolated [ D ] neglected
60. The Sears Company recently made because of financial troubles.
[ A ] cuts [B] demands ICI omissions ID] orders
Part IH STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION (10%)
Directions: In questions 61 -- 70, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.
61. People lived at the mid-level and mountain slopes experienced the greatest catastrophe when the incessant rain caused a sudden land-slide over the area.

62. The course leader requests that all theses are handed in before 5 0 p. m. next Friday.

63. The group of spectators was dispersed by the police who was at the scene of the accident within minutes.

64. Why don't you try your hand at printing, now that you have retired job.

65. Only by this means you can do what is expected of you.

66. The committee have decided at its annual meeting that new regulation regarding this phenomenon be imposed as soon as possible.

67. No bank keeps enough cash paying all its depositors in full at one time.'

68. In his responses to the advertisement, Ed replied that he was looking for a full-time position not part-time one.

69. While still a young boy Bizet knew how to play the piano well and as he grew elder, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.

70. The house has been vacant for a year when the new tenant arrived bringing with him several pets.

Part IV CLOZE TEST (10 % )
Directions: For each blank for questions 71 -- 80 in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given following the passage. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.
Several regions in the world are subject 71 storms which are so severe that they 72 damage on a tremendous scale. The regions where this 73 are all located on the edges of great oceans. The general term for such severe storms is "cyclone." The term "hurricane" is 74 for storms that occur
in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Cyclones and hurricanes differ in one curious way- in a cyclone, the wind circulates 75 a clock-wise direction; in a hurricane, the wind direction is counter-clockwise. 76 cyclones mid hurricanes have one ominous similarity. From the point of view of the damage they cause on land and at sea, they are
identical.
Australia 77 a number of cyclones every year along its northern coast, which faces Indonesia. The cyclones occur mainly in December and January, the summer months in the southern hemisphere. Usually the Australian cyclones don't cause great damage because Australia's northern territory has vast, empty regions that are virtually unpopulated. There are few coastal cities. When a cyclone does move 78 from the sea, it usually blows itself out without striking any inhabited area or causing extensive damage. However, in 1971 the small city of Townville was 79 devastated by a cyclone. There was public outcry about it. People demanded an adequate warning system. Ever since then, the Meteorological Bureau has regularly issued alarms 80 every serious cyclone.
71. IA] to [ B] for [C] of ID] on
72. IAI suffer [BI devastate ICI cause ID] make
73. [ A] is happened [ B ] happens [ C ] is happening [ D ] will happen
74. IAI called [BI named [C] reserved ID] defined
75. [A] at [B] under [C] for ID] in
76. [ A] But [ B] Therefore [ C] Besides [ D] And
77. [ A ] culminates [ B ] undergoes [ C ] undertakes [ D ] experiences
78. [ A ] into the land [ B ] inlands [ C ] inland [ D ] through land
79. [ A ] slightly [ B ] hardly [ C ] scarcely [ D ] completely
80.[A] in spit of [ B] regardless of [C] in front of [DJ in advance of
Part V READING COMPREHENSION (20%)
Directions: In this section you will read five passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. For questions 81 -- 100,you are to choose the one best answer A,B,C or D to each question. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.

Passage One
If you are buying a property in France, whether for a permanent or a holiday home, it is important to open a French bank account. Although it is possible to exist on traveler’s cheques, Eurocheques and cred it cards issued by British banks, the fees for these services can be expensive.
The simplest way to pay regular bills, such as electricity, gas or telephone, particularly when you are not in residence, is by direct debit (a sum withdrawn from an account) from your French account.
To open a current account, you will need to show your passport and birth certificate and to provide your address in the United Kingdom. You will be issued with a cheque book within weeks of opening the account. In France it is illegal to be overdrawn. All accounts must be operated in credit. However, there are no bank charges.
Note that cheques take longer to clear in France than in Britain, and can only be stopped if stolen or lost.
The easiest way to transfer money from a British bank account to a French one is by bank transfer: simply provide your British bank with the name, address and number of your French bank account. The procedure takes about a week and costs between 7 and 40 for each transaction, depending on your British bank.
Alternatively, you can transfer money via a French bank in London. You can also send a sterling cheque (allow at least 12 days for the cheque to be cleared) ,Eurocheques or traveler’s cheques.
Finally, it is a good idea to make a friend of your French bank manager. His help can prove invaluable.
81. If you buy a property in France, you can save money by
[ A] having a French bank account
[ B ] transferring money from Britain
[ C ] cashing traveler’s cheques or Eurocheques
[ D ] using credit cards issued by British banks
82. One advantage French banks have over British banks is that
[ A ] you may take out more money than is in the account.
[ B ] the interest rates on bank accounts are higher
[ C ] cheques are dealt with more rapidly
[ D ] you do not have to pay for services
83. The swiftest way to send money from England to France is
[ A ] to forward an English cheque to your French bank
[ B ] to go to a French bank in London
[C ] to use a cashier's cheque.
[ D ] to arrange a bank transfer.

84. The best title for this passage is
[ A ] How to Open a French Bank Account
[ B ] The Difference between Banking in Britain and France
[ C ] The Way to Transfer Money from Britain to France
[ D] A Guide to Banking in France
Passage Two
Does a drink a day keep heart attacks away? Over the past 20 years, numerous studies have found that moderate alcohol consumption say, one or two beers, glasses of wine or cocktails daily helps to prevent coronary heart disease. Last week a report in the New England Journal of Medicine added strong new evidence in support of that theory. More important, the work provided the first solid indication of how alcohol
works to protect the heart.
In the study, researchers from Boston's Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School compared the drinking habits of 340 men and women who had suffered recent heart attacks with those of healthy people of the same age and sex. The scientists found that people who sip one to three drinks a day are about haft as likely to suffer heart attacks as nondrinkers are. The apparent source of the protection: those who drank 'alcohol had higher blood levels of high-density lipoproteins, the so-called good cholesterol ,which is known to repel heart disease.
As evidence has mounted, some doctors have begun recommending a daily drink for patients of heart diseases. But most physicians are not ready to recommend a regular happy hour for everyone. The risks of teetotal ling are nothing compared with the dangers of too much alcohol, including high blood pressure, strokes and liver troubles not to mention violent behavior and traffic accidents. Moreover, some studies suggest that even moderate drinking may increase the incidence of breast and colon cancer, Until there is evidence that the benefits of a daily dose of alcohol outweigh the risks, most people won't be able to take a doctor's prescription to the neighborhood bar or liquor store.
85. The medical article quoted in the passage demonstrates
[ A ] the way in which alcohol can help the heart
[ B ] how a couple of cocktails daily can stop heart problems
[ C ] why alcoholic drinks are dangerous to one's health
[ D] that reports on the advantages of alcohol were misfounded
86. Experiments showed that nondrinkers had
[ A ] larger amounts of good cholesterol
[ B ] smaller amounts of good cholesterol
[ C ] higher blood pressure
[ D ] lower blood pressure
87. According to the passage, moderate drinking
[ A ] is recommended by most doctors for heart patients
[ B ] should be allowed on prescription
[ C ] is still not medically advisable
[ D] is not related to liver problems
88. The main theme of this passage is
[ A ] the change in recent drinking habits
[ B ] the connection between cancer and alcohol
[ C ] whether moderate drinkers outlive nondrinkers
[ D] whether alcohol may be good for your health
Passage Three
In its 16 years, the London Marathon has acquired a pedigree of excellence. That excellence is not just the awesome energy of the best runners and the smoothness of the organization, but also the quality of determination shown by all the competitors, male and female, able-bodied and disabled. When more than 26,000 gather at Greenwich tomorrow morning, only a few will be in the running to win the big prize money. The success of this event is that most of the athletes would be prepared to pay serious money just for the privilege of running the 26 miles 385 yards to The Mall past the most famous urban scenery in the world.
The London Marathon has become one of Britain's leading sports events. Since 1981 ,something like 45 million has been raised in individual sponsorship for charities. Tomorrow hundreds and thousands of people will line the route to cheer and to gasp in sympathetic participation. Millions will watch on television. Although they will be excited by the struggle for first place, they will also identify with the ordinary person trying to fulfils his or her physical potential. Many spectators will wonder whether next year they could complete the historic distance. That is how athletic dreams are born.
If the London Marathon and the growth in interest in physical fitness have transformed the lives of many adults, it is also important that children should have the opportunity to fulfils their ability in individual competitive sports.
Team games should be an essential ingredient of physical education in the national curriculum. However, coexisting with the playing of team games there should be an equal emphasis on the importance of individual competitive sports at all levels in schools.
The Government must be careful that in insisting on the value of team games in schools, it does not ignore the value of individual activities, which are practiced throughout the world and form the basis of the Olympic Games. Many of the runners in the London Marathon tomorrow have found courage, fulfillment and fitness through training for the event. These are qualities that schoolchildren can, and should, acquire through a variety of demanding individual activities in physical education.
89. In order to enter the Marathon, participants must
[ A ] pay an entrance fee
[ B ] assemble in one specific area
[ C ] be able to run 26 miles,385 yards
[ D ] compete for the right to take part
90, The main attraction of the Marathon for non-participants is
[ A ] the amount of money raised for charity
[ B ] the chance to take part the following year
[ C ] witnessing the contestants' determination
[ D ] a concern with the race's history
91. According to the passage, which of the following is true
[ A] Individual sports are as important as team games.
[ B ] Individual sports are more important than team games.

[ C ] Individual sports are less important than team games.
[ D ] It is hard to say which is less or more important.
92. According to the writer, the Government's policy on physical education
[ A ] should not promote team games at all
[ B ] upholds the principles of the Olympic Games
[ C ] is active in producing successful Marathon participants
[ D ] should encourage those qualities pursued by Marathon participants
Passage Four
On the track, the form embodies power, each curve and line is molded for speed,
For the man at the wheel is the fastest athlete in the world today: Linford Christie, European, Commonwealth and World champion, who has just taken delivery of his new car, the latest version of the Toyota Supra.
It is a conspicuously fast car. The result perfectly matches Christie's own character, and shares his inability to compromise when it comes to delivering performance.
The Supra, priced a few pence short of 39, 000, is rumored to be capable of 180 mph, but the speed is artificially limited to 155 mph. From a standing start, it can reach 60 mph in under five seconds.
The Supra might raise Christie's profile with the police, but if he is pulled over nowadays it is usually by an officer seeking a chat and an autograph rather than anything more official. After an incident in 1988 when he was stopped, he prosecuted the police and won ~ 30, 000 compensation for wrongful arrest.
Safety is high on the list of Supra extras, with driver and passenger airbags: antilock braking; electronic traction control to avoid wheel spin; side-impact door beams; and a steering column that collapses to protect the driver in an accident. Then there is the six speed gearbox; cruise control; air-conditioning alarm and immobilizer.
Christie ,the British athletics team captain since i990, will enjoy the comfort of the Supra during a hectic few weeks this June and July when he visits Sheffield, Wales, Gateshead, Wrexham, Edinburgh, Crystal Palace, and then Gateshead again, as his season builds towards the Commonwealth Games in August and the World Cup in September.
93. The Supra is a suitable car for Linford Christie because
[ A ] it is an expensive model [ B ] it has high standards
ICI it helps promote sports ID] it is very safe
94. On the subject of speed, the car can travel
[ A ] at a maximum of 180 mph [ B ] at the same speed as the previous model
[ C ] at a maximum of 155 mph [ D ] faster than the previous model
95. Nowadays if Christie is stopped by the police it is
[ A ] because he drives very fast [ B ] because he is not a thoughtful driver
ICI often for informal reasons ID] due to what happened in 1988
96. According to the writer the Supra's most outstanding feature is its
[ A ] six-speed gearbox [ B ] alarm system

[ C ] air conditioning [ D] safety features
Passage Five
Cart Van Ands, managing editor of the New York Times, believed in "hard" news, thoroughly and accurately presented. A tireless worker, he often stayed at the office all night. He was there at 1:20 a. m. on April 15,19i2 ,when a distress signal came in from Newfoundland that the pride of Britain's passenger fleet, the Titanic ,was in trouble. The new ship, believed unsinkable, had hit an iceberg and was in some
kind, of danger. But was it really serious or just a narrow escape? Had the passengers needed to abandon ship? Van Ands could not tell from the short and confusing message. Although he was generally considered a conservative and cautious man, Van Ands gambled on the unthinkable that the Titanic was sinking.
He threw his staff into action; the story was approached from all angles. Some reporters put together lists of famous persons on board; others turned out features about the ship and other important passenger liners; still others did stories on similar sea disasters. In other words, Van Ands and the Times went all the way with the story; they played it big. At other newspapers, editors were more cautious, inserting such words as "rumored" here and there. Van Anda's three-column headline reflected the sureness that has marked the Times throughout its history:
NEW LINER HITS ICEBERG;
SINKING BY THE BOW AT MIDNIGHT;
WOMEN PUT OFF IN LIFEBOATS;
LAST WIRELESS 12:27 A. M.
Officials of the White Star Line, which owned the Titanic, had been releasing optimistic statements all during the day of April 15 ,and did not confirm Van Anda's story until the evening of April 16. Van Anda's final edition, which went to press about three hours after the Times had received the first brief wireless report, stated flatly that the Titanic had sunk. This was perhaps a great risk on Van Anda's part and his "deductive journalism" may have shocked many, but it remains as one of the great against-a-deadline news coverage feats in all journalism.
97. "He was there at 1:20 A. M. on April 15,1912,when a distress signal came in from Newfoundland that the pride of Britain's passenger fleet, the Titanic, was in trouble. "Which of the following statements is true?
[ A ] Newfoundland was the pride of Britain's passenger fleet.
[ B ] The Titanic was part of Britain's passenger fleet.
[ C ] Britain's passenger fleet was in trouble.
[D] Newfoundland was in distress.
98. "Although he was generally considered a conservative and cautious man, Van Ands gambled on the unthinkable that the Titanic was sinking. "This means that
[ A ] Van Anda was thought to be careless
[ B ] Van Anda didn't think the Titanic was sinking
[ C ] Van Anda took a chance
[ D ] Van Anda gambled on the Titanic

99. "Van Anda's three-column headline reflected the sureness that has marked the Times throughout its history. "This means that
[ A ] the Times has been serf-assured
[ B J the Times is thorough
[ C ] the history of the Times is reflected in its headlines
[ D ] the Times has a distinguished record
100. "Officials of the White Star Line, which owned the Titanic ,had been releasing optimistic statements all during the day of April 15 ,and did not confirm Van Anda's story until the evening of April 16." This means that
[ A ] the owners of the Titanic did not at first send out accurate reports
[ B ] the owners of the Titanic quickly admitted it was sinking
[ C ] the owners of the Titanic did not confirm Van Anda's story
[ D ] the owners of the Titanic did not think the Titanic would sink
Part VI TRANSLATION (30 %)
Section A
Directions: Put the following passage into Chinese.
Modern science has opened up the path for the progress of production techniques and determined the direction of their development. Many new instruments of production and technological processes first see the light of day in the scientific laboratories. A series of newborn industries have been founded on the basis of newly-emerged disciplines of science and technology. Of course there are, and there will be, many
theoretical research topics with no practical application in plain sight for the time being. However a host of historical facts have proved that once a major breakthrough is scored in theoretical research, it means tremendous progress for production and technology sooner or later.
Contemporary natural sciences are being applied to production on an unprecedented scale and at a higher speed than ever before. This has given all fields of material production an entirely new look. In particular, the development of electronic computers and automation technology is raising the degree of automation in production. With the same amount of manpower and in the same number of work-hours, people can turn out scores or hundreds of times more products than before. How is it that the social productive forces have made such tremendous advances and how is it that labor productivity has increased by such a big margin7 Mainly through the power of science ,the power of technology.
Therefore ,we maintain that the development of modern science and technology has linked science and production even closer together. As part of the productive forces, science and technology are coming to p1ay an even greater role than ever before.

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中国科学院——英语2002年博士研究生入学考试试题

PART Џ STRUCTURE&VOCABULARY ( 25minutes,15points)

sectionA( 0.5 point eath)

direction: choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring answer sheet.

16.Knowing that the cruel criminal has done a lot of unlawful things, I feel sure that I have no __________ but to report him to the local police.

A. time B. chance C. authority D. alternative

17.Behind his large smiles and large cigars, his eyes often seemed to __________regret.

A. teem B. brim with C. come with D. look with

18.There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young one has a glorious future before him and the old one has a _______future behind him.

A. splendid B. conspicuous C. uproarious D. imminent

19. That tragedy distressed me so much that I used to keep indoors and go out only _________necessity.

A. within reach of B. for fear of C. by means of D. in case of

20. A young man sees a sunset and unable to understand of express the emotion that it _________in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond.

A. reflects B. retains C. rouses D. radiates

21.______________the heat to a simmer and continue to cook for another 8-10minutes or until most of the water has evaporated.

A. Turn off B. Turn over C. Turn down D. Turn up

22.Banks shall be unable to ___________,or claim relief against the first 15%of any loan or bankrupted debt left with them .

A. write off B. put aside C. shrink from D. come over

23.I am to inform you ,that you may ,if you wish , attend the inquiry ,and at the inspectors discretion state your case _________or through an entrusted representative.

A. in person B. in depth C. in secret D. in excess

24.In his view, though Hong Kong has no direct cultural identity, local art is thriving by “being ___________,”being open to all kinds of art.

A. gratifying B. predominating C. excelling D. accommodating

25.In some countries preschool education in nursery schools or kindergartens _________the 1stgrade.

A. leads B. precedes C. forwards D. advances

26.Desert plants ________ two categories according to the way they deal with the problem of surviving drought.

A. break down B. fall into C. differ in D. refer to

27.In the airport, I could hear nothing except the roar of aircraft engines which _________ all other sounds.

A. dwarfed B. diminished C. drowned D. relative

28.Criticism without suggesting areas of improvement is not _________ and should be avoided if possible.

A. constructive B. productive C. descriptive D. relative

29. The Committee pronounced four members expelled for failure to provide information in the ____________ of investigations.

A. case B. chase C. cause D. course

30. Since neither side was ready to __________ what was necessary for peace, hostility were resumed in 1980.

A. precede B. recede C. concede D. intercede

31.Such an _________act of hostility can only lead to war.

A. overt B. episodic C. ample D. ultimate

32._________ both in working life and everyday living to different sets of values, and expectations places a severe strain on the individual.

A. Recreation B. Transaction C. Disclosure D. Exposure

33. It would then be replaced by interim government, which would _________be replaced by a permanent government after four months.

A. in step B. in turn B. in practice D. in haste

34. Haven’t I told you I don’t want you keeping ____________ with those awful riding-about bicycle boys?

A. company B. acquaintance C. friends D. place

35.Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply _________ every cheat in the marketplace.

A. at the mercy of B. in lieu of C. by courtesy of D. for the price of

Section B (0.5 point each)

Directions : in each of the following sentences there are four parts underlined and marked A, B, C, and D. Indicate which of the four parts is incorrectly used. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice by drawing a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

36. The auctioneer must know fair accurately the current market values of the goods he is

A B C D

selling.

37.Children are among the most frequent victims of violent, drug-related crimes that have nothing

A B C

doing with the cost of acquiring the drugs.

D

38. A large collection of contemporary photographs, including some taken by Mary are on display

A B C

at the museum.

D

39.There is much in our life which we do not control and we are not even responsible for.

A B C D

40. Capital inflows will also tend to increase the international value of the dollar, make it more

A B C

difficult to sell U.S. exports.

D

41. It can be argued that the problems, even something as fundamental as the ever-increased world

A B C

population, have been caused by technological adcance.

D

42. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge

A B C

as subfected to uncivilized behavior.

D

43. While experts in basic science are important, skilled talents should be the overriding majority

A B C

since they are at heavy demand in the market.

D

44.Retailers offered deep discounts and extra hours this weekend in the bid to lure shoppers.

A B C D

45.The amendments of the laws on patent, trademark and copyright have enhanced protection of

A B

intellectual property rights and made them conform to WTO rules.

C D

PART3 CLOZE TEST (15minutes, 15 points)

Directions: There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

At least since the Industrial Revolution, gender roles have been in a state of transition. As a result, cultural scripts about marriage have undergone change, One of the more obvious ___46____ has occurred in the roles that women 47 . Women have moved into the world of work and have become adept at meeting expectations in that arena, 48 maintaining their family roles of nurturing and creating a(n) 49 that is a haven for all family members. 50 many women experience strain from trying to “do it all, ” they often endoy the increased 51 that can result from playing multiple roles. As women’s roles have changed, changing expectations about men’s roles have become more 52 . Many men are relinquishing their major responsibility 53 the family provider. Probably the most significant change in men’s roles, however, is in the emotional 54 of family life. Men are increasingly 55 to meet the emotional needs of their families, 56 their wives.

In fact, expectations about he emotional domain of marriage have become more significant for marriage in general. Research on 57 marriage has changed over recent decades points to the increasing importance of the emotional side of the relationship, and the importance of sharing in the “ emotion work” 58 to nourish marriages and other family relationships. Men and women want to experience marriages that are interdependent, 59 both partners nurture each other, attend and respond to each other, and encourage and promote each other. We are thus seeing marriages in which men’s and women’s roles are becoming increasingly more 60 .

46. A. incidents B. changes C. results D. effects

47. A. take B. do C. play D. show

48. A. by B. while C. hence D. thus

49. A. home B. garden C. arena D. paradise

50. A. When B. Even though C. Since D. Nevertheless

51. A. rewards B. profits C. privileges D. incomes

52. A. general B. acceptable C. popular D. apparent

53. A. as B. of C. from D. for

54. A. section B. constituent C. domain D. point

55. A. encouraged B. expected C. advised D. predicted

56. A. not to mention B. as well as C. including D. especially

57. A. how B. what C. why D. if

58. A. but B. only C. enough D. necessary

59. A. unless B. although C. where D. because

60. A. pleasant B. important C. similar D. manageable

PART 4 READING COMPREHENSION (60minutes, 30 points)

Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
Passage1

The man who invented Coca-cola was not a native Atlantan, but on the day of his funeral every drugstore in town testimonially shut up shop. He was John Styth Pemberton, born in 1833 in Knoxville, Georgia, eighty miles away. Sometimes known as Doctor, Pemberton was a pharmacist who, during the Civil War, led a cavalry troop under General Joe Wheelrer. He settled in Atlanta in 1869, and soon began brewing such patent medicines as Triplex Liver Pills and Globe of Flower Cough Syrup. In 1885, he registered a trademark for something called French Wine Coca-Ideal Nerve and Tonic Stimulant, a few months later he formed the Pemberton Chemical Company, and recruited the services of a bookkeeper named Frank M. Robinson, who not only had a good head for figures but, attached to it, so exceptional a nose that he could audit the composition of a batch of syrup merely by sniffling it. In 1886-a year in which, as contemporary Coca-Coca officials like to point our, Conan Doyle unveiled Sherlock Holmes and France unveiled the Statue of Liberty-Pemberton unveiled a syrup that he called Coca-Coca. It was a modification of his French Wine Coca. He had taken our the wine and added a pinch of caffeine, and, when the end product tasted awful, had thrown in some extract of cola nut and a few other oils, blending the mixture in a three-legged iron pot in his back yard and swishing it around with an oar. He distributed it to soda fountains in used beer bottles, and Robinson, with his glowing bookkeeper’s script, presently devised a label, on which “Coca-Cola” was written in the fashion that is still employed. Pemberton looked upon his mixture less as a refreshment than as a headache cure, especially for people whose headache could be traced to over-indulgence.

On a morning late in 1886,one such victim of the night before dragged himself into an Atlanta drugstore and asked for a doolop of Cola-Cola. Druggists customarily stirred a teaspoonful of syrup into a glass of water, but in this instance the man on duty was too lazy to walk to the fresh-water tap, a couple of feet off. Instead, he mixed the syrup with some soda water, which was closer at hand. The suffering customer perked up almost at once, and word quickly spread that the best Coca-Cola was a fizzy one.

64. What dose the passage tell us about John Styth Pemberton?

A. He was highly respected by Atlantans

B. He ran a drug store that also sells wine.

C. He had been a doctor until the Civil War.

D. He made a lot of money with his pharmacy.

62. Which of the following was unique to Frank M. Robinson, working with the Pemberton’s Company?

A. Skills to make French wine

B. Talent for drawing pictures

C. An acute sense of smell.

D. Ability to work with numbers.

63.Why was the year 1886 so special to Pemberton?

A. He took to doing a job like Sherlock Holmes’s

B. He brought a quite profitable product into being.

C. He observed the founding ceremony of Statue of Liberty.

D. He was awarded by Coca-Cola for his contribution

64.One modification made of French Wine Coca formula was__________

A. used beer bottles were chosen as containers

B. the amount of caffeine in it was increased

C. it was blended with oils instead of water

D. Cola nut extract was added to taste

65. According to the passage, Coca-Cola was in the first place prepared especially for ________

A. the young as a soft drink

B. a replacement of French Wine Coca

C. the relief of a hangover

D. a cure for the common headache

66. The last paragraph mainly tells___________

A. the complaint against the lazy shop-assistant

B. a real test of Coca-cola as a headache cure

C. the mediocre service of the drugstore

D. a happy accident that gave birth to Coca-Cola

Passage 2

Between 1833 and 1837, the publishers of a “penny press” proved that a low-priced paper, edited to interest ordinary people, could win what amounted to a mass circulation for the times and thereby attract an advertising volume that would make it independent. These were papers for the common citizen and were not tied to the interests of the business community, like the mercantile press, or dependent for financial support upon political party allegiance. It did not necessarily follow that all the penny papers would be superior in their handing of the news and opinion functions. But the door was open for some to make important journalistic advances.

The first offerings of a penny paper tended to be highly sensational; human interest stories overshadowed important news, and crime and sex stories were written in full detail. But as the penny paper attracted readers from various social and economic brackets, its sensationalism was modified. The ordinary reader came to want a better product, too. A popularized style of writing and presentation of news remained, but the penny paper became a respectable publication that offered significant information and editorial leadership. Once the first of the successful penny papers had shown the way, later ventures could enter the competition at the higher level of journalistic responsibility the pioneering papers had reached.

This was the pattern of American newspapers in the years following the founding of the New York Sun in 1833. The sun, published by Benjamin Day, entered the lists against 11 other dailies. It was tiny in comparison; but it was bright and readable, and it preferred human interest features to important but dull political speech reports. It had a police reporter writing squibs of crime news in the style already proved successful by some other papers. And, most important, it sold for a penny, whereas its competitors sold for six cents. By 1837 the sun was printing 30,000 copies a day, which was more than the total of all 11 New York daily newspapers combined when the sun first appeared. In those same four years James Gordon Bennett brought out his New York Herald (1835), and a trio of New York printers who were imitating Day’s success founded the Philadelphia Public ledger (1836) and the Baltimore sun (1837).The four penny sheets all became famed newspapers.

67. What does the first paragraph say about the “penny press?”
A. It was known for its in-depth news reporting

B. It had an involvement with some political parties.

C. It depended on the business community for survival.

D. It aimed at pleasing the general public.

68. In its early days, a penny paper often ___________--

A. paid much attention to political issues

B. provided stories that hit the public taste

C. offered penetrating editorials on various issues

D. covered important news with inaccuracy

69. As the readership was growing more diverse, the penny paper____________

A. improved its content

B. changed its writing style

C. developed a more sensational style

D. became a tool for political parries

70. The underlined word “ventures” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by ___________

A. editors

B. reporters

C. newspapers

D. companies

71. What is true about the Philadelphia Public Ledger and the Baltimore sun.?

A. They turned out to be failures.

B. They were later purchased by James Gordon Bennett.

C. They were also founded by Benjamin Day.

D. They became well-known newspapers in the U.S.

72. This passage is probably taken from a book on ___________

A. the work ethics of the American media

B. the techniques in news reporting

C. the history of sensationalism in American media

D. the impact of mass media on American society

Passage 3

Forget what Virginia Woolf said about what a writer needs—a room of one’s own. The writer she had in mind wasn’t at work on a novel in cyberspace, one with multiple hypertexts, animated graphics and downloads of trancey, chiming music. For that you also need graphic interfaces, RealPlayer and maybe even a computer laboratory at Brown University. That was where Mark Amerika—his legally adopted name; don’t ask him about his birth name—composed much of his novel Grammatron. But Grammatron isn’t just a story. It’s an online narrative (Grammatron.com) that uses the capabilities of cyberspace to tie the conventional story line into complicate knots. In the four year it took to produce—it was completed in 1997—each new advance in computer software became anther potential story device. “I became sort of dependent on the industry,” jokes Amerika, who is also the author of two novels printed on paper. “That’s unusual for a writer, because if you just write on paper the ‘technology’ is pretty stable.”

Nothing about Grammatron is stable. At its center, if there is one, is Abe Golam, the inventor of Nanoscript, a quasi—mystical computer code that some unmystical corporations are itching to acquire. For much of the story, Abe wanders through Prague-23, a virtual “city” in cyberspace whare visitors indulge in fantasy encounters and virtual sex, which can get fairly graphic, The reader wanders too, because most of Grammatron’s 1,000-puls text screens contain several passages in hypertext. To reach the next screen, just double-click. But each of those hypertexts is a trapdoor that can plunge you down a different pathway of the story. Choose one and you drop into a corporate-strategy memo. Choose another and there’s a XXX-rated sexual rant. The story you read is in some sense the story you make.

Amerika teaches digital art at the University of Colorado, where his students develop works that straddle the lines between art, film and literature. “I tell them not to get caught up in mere plot,” he says. Some avant-garde writers—Julio Cortazar, Italo Calvino—have also experimented with novels that wander out of their author’s control. “But what makes the Net so exciting, “says Amerika, “is that you can add sound, randomly generated links, 3-D modeling, animaion.” That room of one’s own is turning into a fun house.

73. The passage is mainly to tell __________________.

A. differences between conventional and modern novels

B. how Mark Amerika composed his novel Grammatron

C. common features of all modern electronic novels

D. why Mark Amerika took on a new way of writing

74. Why does the author ask the reader to forget what Virginia Woolf said about the necessities of a writer?

A. Modern writers can share rooms to do the writing.

B. It is not necessarily that a writer writes inside a room.

C. Modern writers will get nowhere without a word processor

D.It is no longer sufficient for the writing in cyberspace.

75.As an on-line narrative, Grammatron is anything but stable because it ______________.

A. provides potentials for the story development

B. is one of the novels at <grammatron.com>

C. can be downloaded free of charge

D. boasts of the best among cyber stories

76.By saying that he became sort of dependent on the industry, Mark Amerika meant that _________.

A. he could not help but set his Grammatron and thers in Industrial Revolution

B. conventional writers had been increasingly challenged by high technology

C. much of his Grammatron had proved to be cybernetic dependent

D. he couldn’t care less about new advance in computer software

77. As the passage shows , Grammatron makes it possible for readers to _____________-

A. adapt the story for a video version

B. “walk in” the story and interact with it

C. develop the plots within the author’s control

D. steal the show and become the main character

78. Amerika told his students not to ____________

A.immerse themselves only in creating the plot

B. be captivated by the plot alone while reading

C. be lagged far behind in the plot development

D. let their plot get lost in the on-going story

Passage 4

In 1993, a mall security camera captured a shaky image of two 10-year-old boys leading a much smaller boy out of a Liberpool, England, shopping center. The boys lured James Bulger, 2, away from his mother, who was shopping , and led him on a long walk across town. The excursion ended at a railroas track. There, inexplicably, the older boys tortured the toddler, kicking him, smearing paint on his face and pummeling him to death with bricks before heaving him on the track to be dismembered by a train. The boys, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson, then went of to watch cartoons.

Today the boys are 18-year-ole men, and after spending eight years in juvenile facilities, they have been deemed fit for release--probably this spring. The dilemma now confronting the English justice system is how to reintegrate the notorious duo into a society that remains horrified by their crimes and skeptical about their rehabilitation. Last week Judge Elizabeth Butler-Sils decided the young men were in so much danger that they needed an unprecedented shield to protect them upon release. For ht e rest of their lives, Venable sands Thompson will have a right to anonymity. All English media outlets are banned from publishing any information about their whereabouts of the new identities the government will help them establish. Photos of the two or even details about their current looks are also prohibited.

In the U.S, which is harder on juvenile criminals than England, such a ruling seems inconceivable. “We’re clearly the most punitive in the industrialized world,” says Laurence Steinberg, a Temple University professor who studies juvenile justice. Over the past decade, the trend in the U.S. has been to allow publication of ever more information about underage offenders. U.S. courts also give more weight to press freedom than English courts ,ewhich, for example, ban all video cameras.

But even for Britain, the order is extraordinary. The victim’s family is enraged, as are the ever eager British tabloids. “What right have they got to be given special protection as adults?” asks Bulger’s mother Denise Fergus. Newspaper editorials have insisted that citizens have a right to know if Venables of Thompson move in next door. Says conserbative Member of Parliament Humfrey Malins;”It almost leaves you with the feeling that the nastier the crime, the greater the chance for a completely new life.”

79. What occurred as told at the beginning of the passage?

A. 2 ten-year-olds killed James by accident in play

B. James Bulger was killed by his two brothers.

C. Two mischievous boys forged a train accident.

D. A little kid was murdered by two older boys.

80.According to the passage, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson________________

A. hav been treated as juvenile delinquents

B. have been held in protective custody for their murder game

C. were caught while watching cartoons eight years ago

D. have already served out their 10 years in prison

81.The British justice system is afraid that the two young men would_______________

A. hardly get accustomed to a horrifying general public

B. be doomed to become social outcasts after release

C. still remain dangerous and destructive if set free

D. be inclined to commit a recurring crime

82. According to the British courts, after their return to society, the two adults will be __________

A. banned from any kind of press interview

B. kept under constant surveillance by police

C. shielded from being identified an killers

D. ordered to report to police their whereabouts

83. From the passage we can infer that a US counterpart of Venables or Thompson would________.

A. have no freedom to go wherever he wants

B. serve a life imprisonment for the crime

C. be forbidden to join many of his relatives

D. no doubt receive massive publicity in the U>S>

84. As regards the mentioned justice ruling, the last paragraph mainly tells that ________________

A. it is controversial as it goes without precedent

B. the British media are sure to do the contrary

C. Bulger’s family would enter all appeal against it

D. Conservatives obviously conflict with Liberals

Passage 5

Can the Internet help patients jump the line at the doctor’s office? The silicon Valley Employers Forum, a sophisticated group of technology companies, is launching a pilot program to test online “virtual visits “ between doctors at three big local medical groups and about 6,000 employees and their families. The six employers taking part in the Silicon Valley initiative, including heavy hitters such as Oracle and Cisco Systems, hope that online visits will mean employees won’t have to skip work to tend to minor ailments of to follow up on chronic conditions. “With our long commutes and traffic, driving 40 miles to your doctor in your hometown can be a big chunk of time, “ says Cindy Conway, benefits director at Cadence Design Systems, one of the participating companies.

Doctors aren’t clamoring to chat with patients online for free; they spend enough unpaid time ton the phone. Only 1 in 5 has ever E-mailed a patient, and just 9 percent are interested in doing so, according to the research firm Cyber Dialogue.”We are not stupid,” says Stirling Somers, executive of the Silicon Valley employers group. “Doctors getting jpaid is a critical piece in getting this to work.” In the pilot program, physicians will get $20 per online consultation, about what they get for a simple office visit.

Doctors also fear they’ll be swamped by rambling E-mails that tell everything but what’s needed to make a diagnosis. So the new program will use technology supplied by Healinx, an Alameda, Calif.-based start-up. Healinx’s “Smart Symptom Wizard” questions patients and turns answers into a succinct message. The company has online dialogues for 60 common conditions. The doctor can then diagnose the problem and outline a treatment plan, which could include E-mailing a prescription or a face-to-face visit.

Can E-mail replace the doctor’s office? Many conditions, such as persistent cough, require a stethoscope to discover what’s wrong—and to avoid a malpractice suit. Even Larry Bonham, head of one of the doctor’s groups in the pilot, believes the virtual doctor’s visits offer a “very narrow” sliver of service between hone calls to an advice nurse an a visit to the clinic.

The pilot program, set to end in nine months, also hopes to determine whether online visits will boost worker productivity enough to offset the cost of the service. So far, the Internet’s record in the health field has been underwhelming. The experiment is “a huge roll of the dice for Healinx,” notes Michael Barrett, an analyst at Internet consulting firm Forester Research. If the “Web visits” succeed, expect some HMOs(Health Maintenance Organizations) to pay for online visits. If doctors, employers, and patients aren’t satisfied, figure on one more E-health start-up to stand down.

85. the Silicon Valley employers promote the E-health program for the purpose of ___________

A. rewarding their employees

B. gratifying the local hospitals

C. boosting worker productivity

D. testing a sophisticated technology

86. What can be learned about the on-line doctors’ visits?

A. They are a quite promising business.

B. They are funded by the local government.

C. They are welcomed by all the patients

D. They are very much under experimentation.

87.Of he following people, who are not involved in the program?

A. Cisco System employees

B. advice nurses in the clinic

C. doctors at three local hospitals

D. Oracle executives

88. According to Paragraph 2, doctors are___________

A. reluctant to serve online for nothing

B. not interested in Web consultation

C. too tired to talk to the patients online

D. content with $20 paid per Web visit

89. “Smart Symptom Wizard” is capable of ___________

A. making diagnoses

B. producing prescriptions

C. profiling patients’ illness

D. offering a treatment plan

90.It can be inferred from the passage that the future of online visits will mostly depend on whether___________

A. the employers would remain confident in them

B. they could effectively replace office visits

C. HMOs would cover the cost of the service

D. new technologies would be available to improve the E-health project

PAPER TWO

PARTV TRANSLATION (25minutes, 10 points)

Directions：Put the following passage into English. .Write your English version in the proper space on your Answer SheetⅡ

伟大艺术的美学鉴赏和伟大科学观念的理解都需要智慧。但是，随后的感受升华和情感又是分不开的。没有情感的因素，我们的智慧很难开创新的道路；没有智慧，情感也无法达到完美的成果。艺术和科学事实上是一个硬币的两面。它们源于人类活动的最高尚的部分，都追求着深刻性、普遍性、永恒性和富有意义、

PART VI WAITING(35minutes,15 points)

Directions： Write an essay of at least 150 words on the topic given below. Use the proper space on your Answer SheetⅡ

TOPIC

With her entry into the WTO, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, and in particular, for higher-level talents. To face this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate (postgraduate) education system. State your opinion about this reform, and give the solid supporting details to your viewpoint.

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中国科学院——英语2001年博士研究生入学考试试题

中科院2001年博士英语入学试题

中国科学院

博士学位研究生入学考试

英语试题

2001年3月

考生须知：

一、本次考试题卷由试卷一(PAPER ONE)和试卷二(PAPER TWO)两部分组成。试卷一为90道客观题，答卷使用标准化机读答题纸；试卷二为主观题，答卷使用另一答题纸。

二、请一律用HB或2B铅笔涂写标准化机读答题纸，修改时请用橡皮擦干净。若误用其它笔种而导致计算机无法识别，责任由考生自负。

三、请按答题注意事项要求逐项填涂标准化机读答题纸。涂写不得过细或过短。

四、请保持标准化机读答题纸清洁、无折皱。切忌折叠。

五、本考卷满分为100分，全部考试时间总计180分钟。分值及时间分布如下：

试卷一：

　听力
1 5 分
20分钟

结构词汇
1 5 分
25分钟

综合填空
1 5 分
15分钟

阅读
3 0 分
60分钟

小计
7 5 分
120分钟

试卷二：

　汉译英
1 0 分
2 5分钟

写作
1 5 分
3 5分钟

小计
2 5 分
60分钟

　

The Chinese Academy of Sciences

English Entrance Examination-For Doctoral Candidates

March 2001

PAPER ONE

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 minutes, 15 points)

（略）

PART II STRUCTURE & VOCABULARY (25 minutes, 15 points)

Section A (0.5 point each)

Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

16. He gave me a lot of help in my work, so I have to my success to him.

A. grant B. ascribe

C. commit D. submit

17.It is well known that the first can only work hard planting young trees for a new business, while the following people may obtain the successful fruits.

A. practitioners B. amateurs

C. forerunners D. managers

18. The honest journalist has kept investigating that high rank official for a long time, and he felt very happy when that fellow's corrupt scandal at last.

A. got to light B. stood in light

C. came to light D. looked in light

19. The Minister's answer let to an outcry from the Opposition.

A. impressive B. evasive

C. intensive D. amusive

20. The old gentleman to be an old friend of his grandfather's.

A. turned in B. turned over

C. turned up D. turned out

21. The rules stated that anyone who had held office for three years was not for re-election.

A. admirable B. eligible

C. reliable D. capable

22. I feel very sad that the young man's energetic initiative with nothing in the experiment, for he met a lot of interference from the powerful authority.

A. burned up B. tuned up

C. pushed up D. ended up

23. We were politely an armed guard and warned not to take pictures.

A. assigned B. allowed

C. accepted D. assisted

24.The recovery and of the country's economy has also been accompanied by increasing demands for high quality industrial sites in attractive locations.

A. renewal B. revival

C. recession D. relief

25. In fact the purchasing power of a single person's pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per cent of the value of the Singapore pension.

A. equivalent B. similar

C. consistent D. identical

26. It seems a reasonable rule of thumb that any genuine offer of help and support from people or organizations will be accompanied by a name and address, and a willingness to be as to their motive in making contact.

A. seen through B. checked out

C. touched on D. accounted to

27. According to *** boxing reporter Mike Costello, just as there is worldwide with boxing, so there is worldwide opposition.

A. passion B. attraction

C. emotion D. fascination

28. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their aspects.

A. potential B. social

C. essential D. partial

29. any advice which you can get from the interviewer and follow up suggestions for improving your presentation and qualifications.

A. Take the most of B. Keep the most of

C. Have the most of D. Make the most of '

30. There is a loss of self-confidence, a sense of personal failure, great anger and a feeling of being utterly .

A. let alone B. let out

C. let down D. let on

31. Japan remains tied to the Western camp partly because the relationship has become to her economy and politics over forty years' association.

A. integral B. unilateral

C. rational D. hierarchical

32. With most online recruitment services, jobseekers must choose their words carefully the search engine will never make the correct match.

A. because B. whereas

C. provided D. otherwise

33. The child should always the same basic procedure: seeing the whole word--hearing and pronouncing--writing from memory.

A. go through B. take over

C. respond to D. carry off'

34. That MGM Grand Youth Center is open to children 3-12 years old what hotel they are staying in.

A. regardless in B. regardless of

C. regardless on D. regardless from

35. Ever since Geoffrey sent a sizeable cheque to a well-known charity he's been with requests for money from all sides.

A. devastated B. smashed

C. bombarded D. cracked

Section B (0.5 point each)

Directions: In each of the following sentences there are four parts underlined and marked A, B, C, and D. Indicate which Of the four parts is incorrectly used. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice by drawing a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

36. The opinion polls were showing(A) 76 percent of the responders( more concerned about the shambles of American education(C) than about any other problem on(D) the political agenda.

37. Kenny G is not a musician(A) I really had much of ( an opinion about him(C) until recently(D).

38. I was twenty-five years old, and I'd just been laid down(A) from my job as division( manager at(C) a mortgage banking(D) firm.

39. We knew so little(A) about equipments( , disposal(C) techniques, the whole thing(D).

40. It was so disgusted(A), and somewhat hazardous( , not to mention(C) a huge hassle and monetary expense(D).

41. Of course, I am aware of(A) what he has played since( , the success he has had(C), and the controversy(D) has surrounded him among musicians and serious listeners.

42. That抯 not saying(A) it's easy, though( . There are definitely(C) jobs that wore on(D) you.

43. Perhaps not surprisingly(A), the colleagues whom I thought less high( , and whom I portrayed less admiringly(C), did not share my view(D).

44. The Times, financially(A) successful it may be( , is a powerful but(C), at this moment, not very healthy institution(D).

45. Having imposed temporary sentences(A) of unprecedented( severity on the five defendants who pleaded guilt(C), the judge told them that their actual sentences might depend on their cooperation with(D) subsequent investigations.

PART III CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)

Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given in the opposite column. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

When we think about addiction to drags or alcohol, we frequently focus on negative aspects, ignoring the pleasures that accompany drinking or drug-taking. 46 the essence of any serious addiction is a pursuit of pleasure, a search for a "high" that normal life does not 47 . It is only the inability to function 48 the addictive substance that is dismaying, the dependence of the organism upon a certain experience and a .49 inability to function normally without it. Thus a person will take two or three 50 at the end of the day not merely for the pleasure drinking provides, but also because he "doesn't feel 51 without them..

52 does not merely pursue a pleasurable experience and need to 53 it in order to function normally. He needs to repeat it again and again. Something about that particular experience makes life without it 54 complete. Other potentially pleasurable experiences are no longer possible, 55 under the spell of the addictive experience, his life is peculiarly 56. The addict craves an experience and yet he is never really satisfied. The organism may be 57 _sated, but soon it begins to crave again.

Finally a serious addiction is58 a harmless pursuit of pleasure by Its distinctly destructive elements. A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 60 an alcoholic's life is narrowed and dehumanized by his dependence on alcohol.

46. A. Hence B. Because

C. And yet D. Moreover

47. A. supply B. resume

C. accept D. prevent

48. A. except B. without

C. with D. besides

49. A. frustrating B. surprising

C. unchanging D. increasing

50. A. drags B. drinks

C. doses D. draughts

51. A. normal B. content

C. delighted D. spirited

52. A. A drugtaker B. The addicted

C. An addict D. The drugger

53. A. perform B. make

C. experience D. initiate

54. A. other than B. rather than

C. more than D. less than

55. A. while B. thus

C. even if D. for

56. A. distorted B. rectified

C. exaggerated D. improved

57. A. eventually B. temporarily

C. accordingly D. subsequently

58. A. identical with B. consistent with

C. separated from D. distinguished from

59. A. destructive B. Dissatisfied

C. damaged D. derivative

60. A. Similarly B. Conversely

C. Naturally D. Generally

PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (60 minutes, 30 points)

Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

Passage 1

It took no time at all for the native Americans who first greeted Christopher Columbus to be all but erased from the face of the earth. For about a thousand years the peaceful people known as the Taino had thrived in modem-day Cuba and many other islands. But less than 30 years after Columbus' arrival, the Taino would be destroyed by Spanish weaponry, forced labor and European diseases. Unlike their distant cousins, the Inca, Aztecs and Maya, the Taino left no pyramids or temples-no obvious signs that they had ever existed.

But it is a mistake to assume-as many scholars have until quite recently that the absence of abundant artifacts meant the Taino were necessarily more primitive than the grander civilizations of Central and South America. They simply used less durable materials: the Taino relied on wood for building and most craftwork, and much of what they made has disintegrated over the centuries. However, thanks largely to two remarkable digs undertaken recently, archaeologists will be able to enrich their knowledge of the Taino.

In a village on the northern coast of Cuba, a Canadian-Cuban team discovered the nearly intact remains of a Taino dwelling buried in the dirt. This site may have been one of the Taino's major centers. Meanwhile, deep in the forests of the Dominican Republic, a U.S.-Dominican team has also made an important discovery: a 240-ft.-deep Taino cenote, or ceremonial well, where hundreds of objects .thrown in as offerings have been preserved in the oxygen-poor Water.

It will take a much longer time to understand the Taino fully, but they have been rescued from the ignoble status of footnotes in the chapter of history that began with the arrival of Columbus.
61. The main idea of Paragraph 1 is

A. Christopher Columbus returned the Taino's greeting with cruelty.

B. The Europeans' coming brought an end to the existence of the Taino.

C. The Taino once prosperous in modem-day Cuba now has no trace on earth.

D. Spanish weaponry would have crashed the Taino but for Columbus' arrival.

62. It is assumed the Taino had a comparatively low civilization mostly because

A. the Taino had produced no written records.

B. the Taino had built no pyramids mid temples.

C. there has been little wooden structure the Taino relied on.

D. there has been few remains showing the life of the Taino's.

63. Which statement is true concerning the Taino?

A. They were enslaved by foreign invaders.

B. They were more warlike than other Indians.

C. They were the most short-lived of all the civilizations.

D. They were buried deep in the dirt or oxygen-poor water.

64. What does the italicized word "ignoble" (in the last sentence) probably mean?

A. unfortunate B. unsuccessful

C. unpromising D. unworthy

Passage 2

Already lasers can obliterate skin blemishes, topically applied drugs can smooth facial lines and injected agents can remove deep wrinkles. Future products will be faster, borer and longer lasting. "New substances will be developed by entrepreneurs," says Brian Mayou, an aesthetic plastic surgeon, "that will be more successful than liquid silicone that we use today to eradicate wrinkles." The next major breakthrough, says Mel Brahmn, plastic surgeon and chief executive of the Harley Medical Group, will be laser treatment that needs no recovery period.

Nicholas Lowe, clinical professor of dermatology at the University of Los Angeles, adds: "There will be more efficient anti-oxidants to help reduce sun damage and aging. There will also be substances that increase the production of new collagen and elastic tissue to maintain the elasticity of youthful skin."

Lee Shreider, a research cosmetic chemist, says that we may be able to look better without any kind of operation as semi-permanent make-up gets better.

"Crooked noses will be improved by effectively sealing on shaded colors that either enhance or subdue areas of the face. We will be able to straighten eyebrows and lips making the face more symmetrical-which remains one of the keys to beauty~and even close blocked pores with permanent, custom-designed foundation."

The development of the safe sun tan is a potential gold mine. Being researched at the University of Arizona, but a long way from reality, is the injectable tan. Professor Lowe is optimistic: "There will almost certainly be a safe way of developing a sunless tan that protects against sun damage. In animal research, we've applied creams to guinea pigs that can actually 'turn on' some of the genes that produce pigmentation without any sunlight exposure."

65. What is the main topic of the passage?

A. Inventions in cosmetology.

B. New discovery in face-filling.

C. A bright future for facial make-up.

D. The development of beauty culture.

66. According to the passage, what has been used to remove deep wrinkles?

A. Applied drugs.

B. Liquid silicone.

C. Laser treatment.

D. Anti-oxidant.

67. Paragraph 4 suggests that one could improve effectively one's appearance concerning the nose, eyebrows, lips, etc.

A. by applying certain lotions.

B. by having a beauty operation.

C. by changing the face shape.

D. by blocking several pores.

68. As implied in the last paragraph, the injectable tan is being researched to meet the demand of the people who

A. refuse to be exposed to the sun.

B. refuse to apply suntan creams.

C. want to get a tan for beauty.

D. want to try gene pigmentation.

Passage 3

There are faults which age releases us from, and there are virtues, which turn to vices with the lapse of years. The worst of these is thrift, which m early and middle life is wisdom and duty to practice for a provision against destitution. As time goes on this virtue is apt to turn into the ugliest, cruelest, shabbiest of the vices. Then the victim of it finds himself storing past all probable need of saving for himself or those next him, to the deprivation of the remoter kin of the race. In the earlier time when gain was symbolized by gold or silver, the miser had a sensual joy in the touch, of his riches, m hearing the coins clink In their fall through his fingers, and m gloating upon their increase sensible to the hand and eye. Then the miser had his place among the great figures of misdoing; he was of a dramatic effect, like a murderer or a robber; and something of this bad distinction clung to him even when his coins had changed to paper currency, the clean, white notes of the only English bank, or the greenbacks of our innumerable banks of issue; but when the sense of fiches had been transmuted to the balance in his favor at his banker's, or the bonds in his drawer at the safety-deposit vault, all splendor had gone out of his ~ice. His bad eminence was gone, but he clung to the lust of gain which had ranked trim with the picturesque wrong-doers, and which only ruin from without could save him from, unless he gave his remnant of strength to saving himself from it. Most aging men are sensible of all this, but few have the frankness of that aging man who once said that he who died rich died disgraced, and died the other day in the comparative poverty of fifty millions.

69. This short passage is mainly to tell that

A. man becomes increasingly greedy when getting old.

B. a miser can be honest if he does no wrong act.

C. age can help convert some virtue into a vice.

D. misers all started from trying to be thrifty.

70. According to the passage, one is thought vicious when he

A. gathers up money at the sacrifice of all his family members.

B. practices endless thrifty to guard his people from poverty.

C. stores continuously for his own and his relatives' needs.

D. saves too much but wouldn't spend it for the necessary.

71. The italicized expression "gloating upon" probably means

A. thinking with slight guilt.

B. seeing with much satisfaction.

C. touching with great awe.

D. hearing with little delight.

72. The passage implies that what could stop a miser from lusting for money might be

A. his frankness.

B. his eminence.

C. his death.

D. his glory.

73. The words "in the comparative poverty of fifty millions" at the end of the passage suggests a notion that

A. stinginess may cause a very rich man to die very pitiful.

B. rich people may still take 50 million as comparatively little.

C. one remains discontent with all he's gained until his death.

D. the rich are inconsiderate of the majority that live in poverty.

Passage 4

If a mother pushes her small son in a swing, giving only a light force each time he returns, eventually he will be swinging quite high. The child can do this for himself by using his legs to increase the motion, but both the mother's push and the child's leg movements must occur at the proper moment, or the extent of the swing will not increase. In physics, increasing the swing is increasing the amplitude; the length of the rope on the swing determines its natural oscillation period. This ability of an object to move periodically or to vibrate when stimulated by a force operating in its natural period is called resonance.

Resonance is observed many times without consciously thinking about it; for example, one may find an annoying vibration or shimmy in an automobile, caused by a loose engine mount vibrating with increasing amplitude because of an out-of-round tire. The bulge on the tire slaps the pavement with each revolution; at the natural resonance point~ of the engine mount, it will begin to vibrate. Such vibrations can result in considerable damage if allowed to persist. Anther destructive example of resonance is the shattering of a crystal goblet by the production of a musical tone at the natural resonant point of the goblet. The energy of the sound waves causes vibration in the glass; as its amplitude increases, the motion in the glass exceeds the elasticity of the goblet, and it shatters.

An instrument called a tachometer makes use of the principle of resonance. It consists of many tiny bars, loosely fastened together and arranged so that each bar can slide independently of the others. Movement of the bars causes changes in a dial. When placed next to a rotating motor or engine, the tachometer picks up slight vibrations which are transferred to the resonant bars. These bars begin to move, and the resulting dial may be read to find the revolutions per minute of the motor very quickly.

74. An object, if moving rhythmically when stimulated in a natural period, is said to

A. vibrate.

B. resonate.

C. swing.

D. oscillate.

75. The distance a swing moves from its resting position is called its

A. revolution.

B. movement.

C. frequency.

D. amplitude.

76. A tachometer is an instrument that uses resonance to determine

A. the speed of a motor in revolutions.

B. the frequency at which a motor vibrates.

C. the amplitude of an engine that oscillates.

D. the changes in a dial within a car engine.

77. An annoying vibration can be caused at the natural resonance of the car's engine mount

A. if the engine moves too fast.

B. if the engine's amplitude increases.

C. if a tire gets out of balance.

D. if a damage occurs in the engine.

78. In which of the following cases is it useful to consider the relationship between the length of an oscillating object and its natural period?

A. Adjusting the speed of a car.

B. Adjusting a clock pendulum.

C. Adjusting tire balance.

D. Adjusting engine mounts.

Passage 5

I was introduced to the concept of literacy animator in Oladumi Arigbede's (1994) article on high illiteracy rates among women and school dropout rates among girls. According to Arigbede, literacy animators view their role as assisting in the self-liberating development of people in the world who are struggling for a more meaningful life. Animators are a family of deeply concerned and committed people whose gut-level rejection of mass human pauperization compels them to intervene on the side of the marginalized. Their motivation is not derived from a love of literacy as merely another technical life skill, and they accept that literacy is never culturally or ideologically neutral.

Arigbede writes from her experiences as an animator working with women and men in Nigeria. She believes that literacy animators have to make a clear choice about whose culture and whose ideology will be fostered among those with whom they work. Do literacy educators in the United States consider whether the instruction they pursue conflicts with their students' traditional cultures or community, or fosters illiteracies in learners' first or home languages or dialects and in their orality?

Some approaches to literacy instruction represent an ideology of individualism, control, and competition. Consider, for example, the difference in values conveyed and represented when students engage in choral reading versus the practice of having one student read out loud to the group. To identify as a literacy animator is to choose the ideology of "sharing, solidarity, love, equity, co-operation with and respect of both nature and other human beings". Literacy pedagogy that matches the animator ideology works on maintaining the languages and cultures of millions of minority children who at present are being forced to accept the language and culture of the dominant group. It might lead to assessment that examines the performance outcomes of a community of literacy learners and the social significance of their uses of literacy, as opposed to measuring what an individual can do as a reader and writer on a standardized test. Shor (1993) describes literacy animators as problem-posing, community-based, dialogic educators. Do our teacher-education textbooks on reading and language arts promote the idea that teachers should explore problems from a community-based dialogic perspective?

79. A literacy animator is one who

A. struggles for a more meaningful life.

B. frees people from poverty and illiteracy.

C. is committed to marginalize the illiterate.

D. is concerned with what is behind illiteracy.

80. The author suggests that literacy educators in the US in a way

A. promote students' home languages.

B. force students to accept their culture.

C. teach nothing but reading and writing.

D. consider literacy as of non-neutral nature.

81. Arigbede worked with Nigerians probably to

A. teach American customs and ideology.

B. make a choice of culture to be fostered.

C. reject the values of the dominant class.

D. help maintain Nigerian language and culture.

82. According to the author, "choral reading" may represent

A. individualism.

B. collectivism.

C. competition.

D. immersion.

83. Animator ideology emphasizes more

A. the social function of literacy.

B. students?performance in tests.

C. the dominant group's language.

D. the attainment of life skills.

84. It is implied by the author that, because of the kind of teacher education in the US, teachers there tend to ignore

A. constant development of new teaching approaches.

B. using their own wisdom in problem-solving.

C. talented performances of minority students.

D. community-based literacy enhancement.

Passage 6

Scientists have known for more than two, decades that cancer is a disease of the genes. Something scrambles the DNA inside a nucleus, and suddenly, instead of dividing in a measured fashion, a cell begins to copy itself furiously. Unlike an ordinary cell, it never stops. But describing the process isn't the same as figuring it out. Cancer cells are so radically different from normal ones that it's almost impossible to untangle the sequence of events that made them that way. So for years researchers have been attacking the problem by taking normal cells and trying to determine what changes will turn them cancerous-always without success.

According to a report in the current issue of Nature, a team of scientists based at M.I.T.'s Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research has finally managed to make human cells malignant---a feat they accomplished with two different cell types by inserting just three altered genes into their DNA. While these manipulations were done only in lab dishes and won't lead to any immediate treatment, they appear to be a crucial step in understanding the disease. This is a "landmark paper," wrote Jonathan Weitzman and Moshe Yaniv of the Pasteur Institute in Paris, in an accompanying commentary.

The dramatic new result traces back to a breakthrough in 1983, when the Whitehead's Robert Weinberg and colleagues showed that mouse cells would become cancerous when subjected to two altered genes. But when they tried such alterations on human cells, they didn't work. Since then, scientists have learned that mouse cells differ from human cells in an important respect: they have higher levels of an enzyme called telomerase. That enzyme keeps caplike structures called telomeres on the ends of chromosomes from getting shorter with each round of cell division. Such shortening is part of a cell's aging process, and since cancer cells keep dividing forever, the Whitehead group reasoned that making human cells more mouselike might also make them cancerous.

The strategy worked. The scientists took connective-tissue and kidney cells and introduce three altered genes---one that makes cells divide rapidly; another that disables two substances meant to rein in excessive division; and a third that promotes the production of telomerase, which made the cells essentially immortal. They'd created a tumor in a test tube. "Some people believed that telomerase wasn't that important," says the Whitehead's William Hahn, the study's lead author. "This allows us to say with some certainty that it is."

85. The problem that has been annoying cancer researchers for years is the difficulty in telling

A. how cancer cells are formed.

B. why cancer cells never stop dividing.

C. why normal cells can mm into cancer cells.

D. how different normal cells are from cancer cells.

86. Whitehead's scientists have succeeded in

A. developing malignant cells in human bodies.

B. making normal human cells cancerous.

C. controlling the change of human cells.

D. changing the genes of cancer cells.

87. In the 1983 experiment, human cells didn't work the way mouse cells did because the former

A. were easier to become aged.

B. checked telomerase in dividing.

C. had short ends of chromosomes.

D. lacked telomeres for cell division.

88. To make human cells more mouselike scientists tried

A. to subject them to two more genes.

B. to keep the division from slowing down.

C. to promote the production of telomerase.

D. to prevent excessive cells copying.

89. One key factor in creating tumor with human cells is

A. lengthening the ends of chromosomes.

B. altering the structure of telomeres.

C. increasing the levels of telomerase.

D. modulating the cell dividing process.

90. According to the passage, the Whitehead research has taken a big step in

A. understanding cancer.

B. curing cancer disease.

C. eliminating cancer.

D. preventing cancer.

PAPERTWO

PARTV TRANSLATION (25minutes，10points)

Directions：Put the following passage into English．Write your English version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet Ⅱ.

科学是开放的知识体系，是一种属于全人类的不断进步的文化。科学是历史的，也在不断改变、塑造自身的形象。只要科学以人类的最大福祉、人性的提升为目标，科学就能重塑自我，赢得人们的依赖。但对科学的尊重不能是盲目的，赶时髦的。科学对于生产力甚至赚钱都有帮助，但科学并不沦为一种经济手段，也不沦为利益竞争对手之间的筹码。

PARTVI WRITING (35minutes，15points)

Directions：Write an essay of at least l50words on the topic given below. Use the proper space on your Answer Sheet Ⅱ.

There is no denying that the average living standard of our country has greatly increased since the economic reform started20 years ago.However, neither is it deniable that there has been a growing contrast in income between the rich and the poor. What do you think of this contrast in our country? State your opinion with appropriate supporting details．

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