政法大学02年英语考题

中国政法大学研究生院2002年博士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：英语考试日期：4月6日上午
TEST PAPER
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20 minutes, 20 points)

Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short statements. The statements will be spoken just once. They will not be written out for you, and you must listen carefully in order to understand what the speaker says.
When you hear a statement, you will have a period of 15-20 seconds to read the four sentences in your test book and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then, on your Answer Sheet, find the number of the problem and then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a single line through the center in the brackets.
Listen to the following example:
You will hear:
He is no longer living in Beijing.
You will read:
[A] He’s been living in Beijing for a long time.
[B] He used to live in Beijing.
[C] He’s gone to Beijing for a short visit.
[D] He should stay longer in Beijing.
Sentence [B] “He used to live in Beijing” is closest in meaning to the statement “He is no longer living in Beijing”. Therefore you should choose answer [B]
Sample Answer
[A][B][C][D]
1. [A] Teachers are not as good as bus drivers.
[B] Bus drivers work much harder than teachers.
[C] Teachers are less skilled than bus drivers.
[D] Bus drivers get higher pay than teachers.
2. [A] She looked very pretty when I saw her.
[B] I saw her being hit by a car.
[C] She seemed in poor health when I saw her.
[D] She saw me and stopped to give me a gift.
3. [A] Lucy sang better than she danced.
[B] Lucy was first a singer, then became a dancer.
[C] Lucy wanted to be a singer rather than a dance.
[D] Lucy earned more money by singing than by dancing.
4. [A] In 1945 the population was 11.5 million.
[B] In 1945 the population was 16 million.
[C] The population has almost doubled since 1945.
[D] The population hasn’t grown much since 1945.
5. [A] There were 80 people in the theater last night.
[B] There were 90 people in the theater last night.
[C] There were 118 people in the theater last night.
[D] There were 180 people in the theater last night.
6. [A] I like Professor Brown’s detailed explanations.
[B] I don’t wish Professor Brown would give any explanations.
[C] Professor Brown has refused to give any explanations.
[D] I’m not enjoying Professor Brown’s explanations at all.
7. [A] Janet forgot her purser and her money.
[B] Janet forgot her money but not her purse.
[C] Janet forgot her purse but no her money.
[D] Janet forgot neither her money nor her purse.
8. [A] She likes ice cream best.
[B] She likes cake best.
[C] She likes ice cream better than cake.
[D] She likes both ice cream and cake.
9. [A] Charles was right to leave the university.
[B] Charles has gone to another place.
[C] Charles wanted returning to the university.
[D] Charles did very well at the university.
10. [A] The building collapsed because it leaned so much to the right.
[B] The building didn’t collapse though it leaned so mach to one side.
[C] The building is certainly going to collapse any minute.
[D] The building looks like it is going to collapse any minute.

Section B
Directions:
In this section you will hear 10 short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, there will be a question about what was said. You will hear the question only once. When you have heard the question, you will have a period of 15-20 seconds to read the four possible answers marked [A], [B]，[C] and [D] and decide which is the best answer. Then mark you answer on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a single line through the center in the brackets.
Example:
You will hear:
Man: Hello, Mary, This is John Smith at the office. Is Bill feeling any better today?
Woman: Oh, yes, John. He’s feeling much better now. But the doctor says he’ll have to stay in bed until Monday.
Third voice: Where is Bill now?
You will read:
[A] At the office. [B]On his way to work.
[C] Home in bed. [D] Away on vacation
From the conversation, we know that Bill is sick and will have to remain in bed until Monday. The best answer, then, is [C], “Home in bed”. Therefore you should choose answer [C].
Sample Answer
[A][B][C][D]
11. [A] The bakery closed down a while ago.
[B] The bakery’s business has doubled in a year.
[C] She hasn’t done much baking recently.
[D] The bakery was busy last week.
12. [A] She wants the man to pay the cleaning charge.
[B] She has done the same thing to someone else.
[C] She doesn’t want another glass of orange juice.
[D] She isn’t upset about the incident.
13. [A] He only wears blue jeans to exercise.
[B] He hasn’t bought new pants in a while.
[C] He’s gained weight lately.
[D] He used to be an athlete.
14. [A] Looking out the window.
[B] Choosing a new desk.
[C] Building a bookcase.
[D] Rearranging furniture.
15. [A] He hadn’t heard about it.
[B] He’s not enthusiastic about it.
[C] He’s curious to know how it works.
[D] He hopes it has more than 500 channels.
16. [A] He didn’t get the clothes.
[B] The store closed while he was cleaning the car.
[C] He’ll clean up when he has more time.
[D] The clothes aren’t ready.
17. [A] He has an ear infection.
[B] He doesn’t always listen.
[C] He’s never missed a meeting.
[D] He had to attend another meeting.
18. [A] She hasn’t seen John.
[B] She doesn’t like John’s new glasses.
[C] John looks different.
[D] John has been away for quite a while.
19. [A] Wait awhile to see if she feels better.
[B] Go to bed early.
[C] Take some medicine.
[D] See a doctor.
20. [A] He’s eager to go to the auto show.
[B] He doesn’t know a polite way to refuse the offer.
[C] He’d like to repay the woman’s kindness.
[D] He’ sorry he can’t accompany the woman.

Section C
Directions:
In this section you will hear several brief passages. You will hear them once only. After each one, you will hear some questions. You will hear each question once only. After you hear the question, you will have 15-20 seconds to choose the best answer from the four choices given. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a single line through the center in the brackets.
Questions 21-23 are based on the paragraph you have just heard.
21. [A] A student.
[B] A lecturer.
[C] A group leader.
[D] The chairman
22. [A] One.
[B] Two.
[C] Three.
[D] Four.
23. [A] Seminar—larger group, tutor presented a paper.
[B] Tutorial—larger group, more than one lecture present.
[C] Seminar—smaller group, student presented a paper.
[D] Tutorial—smaller group, tutor tutored.

Questions 24-26 are based on the passage you have just heard.
24. [A] The safety record of the railroad industry.
[B] The reasons railroad regulations were changed.
[C] The financing of railroad construction.
[D] The evolution of the railroad industry.
25. [A] The use of oversized freight containers.
[B] Safety problems with railroad tracks.
[C] The growth of the automotive industry.
[D] The high cost of meeting environmental regulations.
26. [A] It contributes less to air pollution that other kinds of transportation.
[B] Its competitors are inconsiderate of customers.
[C] It preserves a traditional way of doing business.
[D] It creates personal fortunes for investors.

Questions 27-30 are based on the passage you have just heard.
27. [A] They will be much bigger.
[B] They will have more seats.
[C] They will have three wheels.
[D] They will need intelligent drivers.
28. [A] It doesn’t need to be refueled.
[B] It will use solar energy as fuel.
[C] It will be driven by electrical power.
[D] It will be more suitable for long distance travel.
29. [A] Passengers in the car may be seated facing one another.
[B] The front seats will face forward and the back seats backward.
[C] Special seats will be designed for children.
[D] More seats will be added.
30. [A] Choose the right route.
[B] Refuel the car regularly.
[C] Start the engine.
[D] Tell the computer where to go.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (50 minutes, 20 points)

Directions: In this part there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers. Choose the one you think is the best answer. Then on your Answer Sheet, find the corresponding letter and mark you choice on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a single line through the center in the brackets.

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
Years after the movement to obtain civil rights for black people in the United States made its most important gains, scholars are reaching for a theoretical perspective capable of clarifying its momentous developments. New theories of social movements are being discussed, not just among social psychologists, but also among political theorists.
Of the many competing formulations of the “classical” social psychological theory of social movement, three are prominent in the literature on the civil rights movement: “rising expectations”, “relative deprivation,” and “J-curve”. Each conforms to a causal sequence characteristic of classical social movement theory, linking some unusual condition, or “system strain,” to the generation of unrest. When these versions of the classical theory are applied to the civil rights movement, the source of strain is identified as a change in black socioeconomic status that occurred shortly before the widespread protest activity of the movement.
For example, the theory of rising expectations asserts that protest activity was a response to psychological tensions generated by gains experienced immediately prior to the civil rights movement. Advancement did not satisfy ambition, but created the desire for further advancement. Only slightly different is the theory of relative deprivation. Here the impetus to protest is identified as gains achieved during the pre-movement period, coupled with simultaneous failure to make any appreciable headway relative to the dominant group. The j-curve theory argues that the movement occurred because a prolonged period of rising expectations and gratification was followed by a sharp reversal.
Political theorists have been dismissive of these applications of classical theory to the civil rights movement. Their arguments rest on the conviction that, implicitly, the classical theory trivializes the political ends of movement participants, focusing rather on presumed psychological dysfunctions, reduction of complex social situations to simple paradigms of stimulus and response obviates the relevance of all but the shortest term analysis. Furthermore, the theories lack predictive value. “strain” is always present to some degree, but social movement is not. How can we know which strain will provoke upheaval?
These very legitimate complaints having frequently been made, it remains to find a means of testing the strength of the theories. Problematically, while proponents of the various theories have contradictory interpretations of socioeconomic conditions leading to the civil rights movement, examination of various statistical records regarding the material status of black Americans yields ample evidence to support any of the three theories. The steady rise in median black family income supports the rising expectations hypothesis, the stability of the economic position of black vis-a vis while Americans lends credence to the relative deprivation interpretation; unemployment data are consistent with the J-curve theory. A better test is the comparison of each of these economic indicators with the frequency of movement-initiated events reported in the press, unsurprisingly, none correlates significantly with the pace of reports about movement activity.
31.It can be inferred from the passage that the classical theory of social movement would not be appropriately applied to an annual general election because such an election .
[A] may focus on personalities rather than on political issues
[B] is not provoked primarily by an unusual condition
[C] may be decided according to the psychological needs of voters
[D] may not entail momentous developments
32.The main purpose of the passage is to .
[A] persuade historians of the indispensability of a theoretical framework for understanding recent history
[B] discuss the reasoning behind and shortcoming of certain social psychological theories
[C] show the unity underlying the diverse classical models of social movment
[D] present a mew model of social movement
33. Which one of the following statements is supported by the results of the “better test” discussed in the last paragraph of the passage?
[A] The test provides no basis for deciding among the three classical theories discussed in the passage.
[B] The test shows that it is impossible to apply any theory of social movements to the civil rights movement.
[C] The test indicates that press coverage of the civil rights movement was biased.
[D] The test verifies that the civil rights movement generated socioeconomic progress.
34.The author implies that political theorists attribute which one of the following assumptions to social psychologists who apply the classical theory of social movements to the civil rights movement?
[A] The political ends of movement participants are best analyzed in terms of participants’ psychological motivations.
[B] Participants in any given social movement have conflicting motivations.
[C] Psychological motivations of movement participants better illuminate the causes of social movements than do participants’ political motivations.
[D] Only strain of a socioeconomic nature can provoke a social movement.
35.According to the passage, the “rising expectations” and “relative deprivation” models differ in which one of the following ways?
[A] They predict different responses to the same socioeconomic conditions.
[B] They disagree about the relevance of psychological explanations for protest movements.
[C] They disagree about the relevance of socioeconomic status to system strain.
[D] They describe the motivation of protesters in slightly different ways.

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
In recent years, a growing belief that the way society decides what to treat as true is controlled through largely unrecognized discursive practices has led legal reformers to examine the complex interconnections between narrative and law. In many legal systems, legal judgments are based on competing stories about events. Without having witnessed these events, judges and juries must validate some stories as true and reject others as false. This procedure is rooted in objectivism, a philosophical approach that has supported most Western legal and intellectual systems for centuries. Objectivism, holds that there is a single neutral description of each event that is unskewed by any particular point of view and that has a privileged position over all other accounts. The law’s quest for truth, therefore, consists of locating this objective description, the one that tells what really happened, as opposed to what those involved thought happened. The serious flaw in objectivism is that there is no such thing as the neutral, objective observer. As psychologists have demonstrated, all observers bring to a situation a set of expectations, values, and beliefs that determine what the observers are able to see and hear. Two individuals listening to the same story will hear different things, because they emphasize those aspects that accord with their learned experiences and ignore those aspects that are dissonant with their view of the world. Hence there is never any escape in life or in law from selective perception, or from subjective judgments based on prior experiences, values, and beliefs.
The societal harm caused by the assumption of objectivist principles in traditional legal discourse is that, historically the stories judged to be objectively true are those told by people who are trained in legal discourse, while the stories of those who are not fluent in the language of the law are rejected as false.
Legal scholars such as Patricia Williams, Derrick Bell, and Mari Matsuda have sought empowerment for the latter group of people through the construction of alternative legal narratives. Objectivist legal discourse systematically disallows the language of emotion and experience by focusing on cognition in its narrowest sense. These legal reformers propose replacing such abstract discourse with powerful personal stories. They argue that the absorbing, nonthreatening structure and tone of personal stories may convince legal insiders for the first time to listen to those not fluent in legal language. The compelling force of personal narrative can create a sense of empathy between legal insiders and people traditionally excluded from legal discourse and, hence, from power. Such alternative narratives can shatter the complacency of the legal establishment and disturb its tranquility. Thus, the engaging power of narrative might play a crucial, positive role in the process of legal reconstruction by overcoming differences in background and training and forming a new collectivity based on emotional empathy.
36.Which one of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
[A] Some legal scholars have sought to empower people historically excluded from traditional legal discourse by instructing them in the forms of discourse favored by legal insiders.
[B] Some legal scholars have begun to realize the social harm caused by the adversarial atmosphere that has pervaded many legal systems for centuries.
[C] Some legal scholars have proposed alleviating the harm caused by the prominence of objectivist principles within legal discourse by replacing that discourse with alternative forms of legal narrative.
[D] Some legal scholars have contended that those who feel excluded from objectivist legal systems would be empowered by the construction of a new legal language that better reflected objectivist principles.
37.It can be inferred from the passage that Williams, Bell, and Matsuda believe which one of the following to be a central component of legal reform?
[A] incorporating into the law the latest developments in the fields of psychology and philosophy
[B] eradicating from legal judgments discourse with a particular point of view
[C] granting all participants in legal proceedings equal access to training in the forms and manipulation of legal discourse
[D] making the law more responsive to the discursive practices of a wider variety of people
38.Which one of the following most accurately describes the author’s attitude toward proposals to introduce personal stories into legal discourse?
[A] strongly opposed
[B] somewhat skeptical
[C] ambivalent
[D] strongly supportive
39.The passage suggests that Williams, Bell, and Matsuda would most likely agree with which one of the following statements regarding personal stories?
[A] Personal stories are more likely to adhere to the principles of objectivism than are other forms of discourse.
[B] Personal stories are more likely to de-emphasize differences in background and training than are traditional forms of legal discourse.
[C] Personal stories are more likely to restore tranquility to the legal establishment than are more adversarial forms of discourse.
[D] Personal stories are more likely to lead to the accurate reconstruction of facts than are traditional forms of legal narrative.
40.Which one of the following statement about legal discourse in legal systems based on objectivism can be inferred from the passage?
[A] In most Western societies, the legal establishment controls access to training in legal discourse.
[B] Expertise in legal discourse affords power in most Western societies.
[C] Legal discourse has become progressively more abstract for some centuries.
[D] Legal discourse has traditionally denied the existence of neutral, objective observers.

Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:
With its common interest in lawbreaking but its immense range of subject matter and widely-varying methods of treatment, the crime novel could make a legitimate claim to be regarded as a separate branch of literature, or, at least, as a distinct, even though a slightly disreputable, offshoot of the traditional novel.
The detective story is probably the most respectable of the crime species. Its creation is often the relaxation of university dons, literary economists, scientists or even poets. Fatalities may occur more frequently and mysteriously than might be expected in polite society, but the world in which they happen, the village, seaside resort, college or studio, is familiar to us, if not from our own experience, at least in the newspaper or the lives of friends. The characters, though normally realized superficially, are as recognizably human as our less intimate associates. A story set in a more remote environment, African jungle or Australian bush, ancient China or gaslit London, appeals to our interest in geography or history, and most detective story writers are conscientious in providing a reasonably authentic background. The elaborate, carefully assembled plot, despised by the modem intellectual critics has found refuge in the murder mystery, with its sprinkling of clues, its spicing with apparent impossibilities, all with appropriate solutions and explanations at the end. With the guilt of escapism from Real Life nagging gently, we secretly revel in the unmasking of evil by a vaguely superhuman sleuth, who sees through and dispels the cloud of suspicion which has hovered so unjustly over the innocent.
Though its villain also receives his rightful deserts, the thriller presents a less comfortable and credible world. The sequence of fist fights, revolver duels, car crashes and escapes from gas-filled cellars exhausts the reader far more that the hero, who, suffering from at least two broken ribs, one black eye, uncountable bruises and a hangover, can still chase and overpower an armed villain with the physique of a wrestler. He moves dangerously through a world of ruthless gangs, brutality, a vicious lust for power and money and, in contrast to the detective tale, with a near omniscient arch-criminal whose defeat seems almost accidental. Perhaps we miss in the thriller the security of being safely led by our imperturbable investigator past a score of red herrings and blind avenues to a final gathering of suspects when an unchallengeable elucidation of all that has bewildered us is given and justice and goodness prevail. All that we vainly hope for from life is granted vicariously.
41.According to the novel, what may the crime novel be regarded as?
[A] An inspectable form of the conventional novel.
[B] A legitimate branch of novel.
[C] A form related in some ways to the historical novel.
[D] An independent development of the novel.
42.Why do intellectuals write detective stories?
[A] These stories deal with conventional people and scenes.
[B] They enjoy writing these stories.
[C] Detective stories are an accepted branch of literature.
[D] The writing of these stories demands considerable intelligence.
43.What feature of the detective story is said to disqualify it from respectful consideration by intellectual critics?
[A] The marry seemingly impossible events.
[B] The existence of a neat closely-knit story.
[C] The inekevance to authentic situations.
[D] The eventual solution to the mystery.
44.The detective story is similar to the thriller in that .
[A] neither has involved plots
[B] both demonstrate the triumph of right over wrong
[C] neither lacks amazing tough heroes
[D] both are condemned by the modern critics
45.In what way are the detective story and the thriller unlike?
[A] In introducing violence and brutality.
[B] In providing excitement and suspense.
[C] In appealing to the intellectual curiosity of the reader.
[D] In ensuring that everything comes right in the end.

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:
In 1626, Peter Minuit, governor of the Dutch settlements in North America known as New Amsterdam, negotiated with Canarsee Indian chiefs for the purchase of Manhattan Island for merchandise valued at sixty guilders or about $24.12. He purchased the island for the Dutch West India Company.
The next year, Fort Amsterdam was built by the company at the extreme southern tip of the island. Because attempts to encourage Dutch immigration were not immediately successful, offers, generous by the standards of the era, were extended throughout Europe. Consequently, the settlement became the most heterogeneous of the North American colonies. By 1637, the fort had expanded into the village of New Amsterdam, and other small communities had grown up around it, including New Haarlem and Stuyvesant’s Bouwery, and New Amsterdam began to prosper, developing characteristics of religious and linguistic tolerance unusual for the times. By 1643, it was reported that eighteen different languages were heard in New Amsterdam alone.
Among the multilingual settlers was a large group of English colonists from Connecticut and Massachusetts who supported the English King’s claim to all of New Netherlands set out in a charter that gave the territory to his brother James, the Duke of York. In1664, when the English sent a formidable fleet of warships into the New Amsterdam harbor, Dutch governor Peter Stuyvesant surrendered without resistance.
When the English acquired the island, the village of New Amsterdam was renamed New York in honor of the Duke. By the onset of the Revolution, New York City was already a bustling commercial center. After the war, it was selected as the first capital of the United States. Although the government was eventually moved, first to Philadelphia and then to Washington, D.D, New York City has remained the unofficial commercial capital.
During the 1690s, New York became a haven for pirates who conspired with leading merchants to exchange supplies for their ships in return for a share in the plunder. As a colony, New York exchanged many agricultural products for English manufactured goods. In addition, trade with the West Indies prospered. There centuries after his initial trade with the Indians, Minuit’s tiny investment was worth more than seven billion dollars.
46.Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
[A] A History of New York City
[B] An Account of the Dutch Colonies
[C] A Biography of Peter Minuit
[D] The First Capital of the United States
47.What did the Indians receive in exchange for their island?
[A] Sixty Dutch guilders
[B] $24.12 U.S.
[C] Goods and supplies
[D] Land in New Amsterdam
48.Why were so many languages spoken in New Amsterdam?
[A] The Dutch West India Company was owned by England.
[B] The Dutch West India Company allowed freedom of speech.
[C] The Dutch West India Company recruited settlers from many different countries in Europe.
[D] The Indians who lived there before the Dutch West India Company purchase spoke many languages.
49.The name of New Amsterdam was changed .
[A] to avoid a war with England
[B] to honor the Duke of York
[C] to attract more English colonists from Connecticut and Massachusetts
[D] to encourage trade during the 1690s
50.Which city was the first capital of the new United States?
[A] New Amsterdam
[B] New York
[C] Philadelphia
[D] Washington
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Grammatical Structure (30 minutes, 15 points)
Section A
Directions: There are 15 sentences in this section. Each sentence has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the one word or phrase which would best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined part. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a single line through the center in the brackets.
Example:
The initial step is often the most difficult.
[A] quickest [B] longest [C] last [D] first
The best answer is [D] because “first” has the same meaning as “initial” in the sentence. Therefore you should choose [D].
Sample Answer
[A][B][C][D]
51. The number of United States citizens who are eligible to vote continues to increase.
[A] encouraged
[B] enforced
[C] expected
[D] entitled
52.The Great Basin, the bleakest desert in the United States, is almost completely devoid of trees.
[A] most desolate
[B] most notorious
[C] hottest
[D] driest
53.Amateur archaeologists start out by learning how to plot records of their finds in a given area.
[A] arrange
[B] chart
[C] keep
[D] prepare
54.The twinkling of the stars is caused by warm and cool patches of air drifting through the Earth’s atmosphere.
[A] shades
[B] gases
[C] temperatures
[D] expanses
55.The Gettysburg address, Abraham Lincoln’s most famous speech, concisely expressed may of the ideals and principles of democracy
[A] Powerfully
[B] succinctly
[C] positively
[D] freely
56.Chades Goodyear’s discovery of vulcanized rubber began when he inadvertently spilled a mixture of rubber and sulfur on a hot stove.
[A] experimentally
[B] unceasingly
[C] incompetently
[D] accidentally
57.The “Fountainhead” and “Atlas Shrugged” by Ayn Rand are two lengthy novels that serve as vehicles for her philosophy of objectivism.
[A] an escape form
[B] a means of conveying
[C] ends of
[D] chapters in
58. The Apollo Ⅱ astronauts were quarantined when they returned to Earth.
[A] praised by the press
[B] interviewed on television
[C] contaminated with lunar germs isolated for medical reasons
[D] isolated for medical reasons
59.Fonuulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization.
[A] emphatically stated
[B] belligerently argoed
[C] accentuated
[D] entreated
60.Members of jury are called jurors who are selected at random.
[A] court- appointed commissioners who investigate facts
[B] persons who testify about the impact of criminal activity
[C] a group giving instructions to the judges
[D] persons chosen to represent the community at trial
61.Acceptance of a unilateral contract is thus by performance rather than by a promise to perform.
[A] a contract for the sale of only a single item or service
[B] an unenforceable contract
[C] a contract where is no “meeting of the minds”
[D] a contract in which on party promises to do or refrain from dong something in return for actual performance by the other party
62.A person who enters into an option contract has the right to purchase the particular item at the particular price stated in the contract.
[A] a contract that is not binding because performance is optional
[B] a binding agreement in which the owner agrees to sell the property to a prospective purchaser, at a specified price, within a stated period of time
[C] an offer that can be revived after being rejected by the offeree
[D] purchasing mechanism used only on the New York Stock Exchange
63.Incapacity refers to enforcing a contract against a party, that party must be competent to contract at the formation of the contract.
[A] Naivete in the exchange of a promise for performance
[B] Lack of sophistication in commercial transactions
[C] Interstate successions
[D] A defense to contract liability, such as being too young
64. For something to be an offer, “words or conduct indicating to the offeree that the offeror is willing to be bound must be clear, definite, and unequivocal.
[A] a person who makes an offer
[B] a person who may accept an offer
[C] a third party beneficiary of an offer
[D] a broker who arranges for a buyer and seller to meet
65.The summons will usually name the parties to the lawsuit, the court and the case number, the names of attorneys representing the plaintiffs, and amount of time that defendant has to respond.
[A] the current Chief Justice of the U.S Supreme Court
[B] a paper to inform a defendant that a lawsuit has been filed
[C] the conclusion section of an inter-office memorandum of law
[D] an invitation to enter into a plea bargain in a criminal action

Section B
Directions: There are 15 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a single line through the center in the brackets.
Example:
I have been to the Great Wall three times 1979.
[A] form [B] after [C] for [D] since
The sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979”. Therefore you should choose [D].
Sample Answer
[A][B][C][D]
66. was not incorporated as a city until almost two centuries later, in 1834.
[A] Settling Brooklyn, the Dutch
[B] Settled by the Dutch, Brooklyn
[C] The Dutch settled Brooklyn
[D] Brooklyn was settled by the Dutch
67.Croquet is a popular lawn game players hit wooden balls through wire arches called wickets.
[A] when
[B] which
[C] is when
[D] in which
68.There has not been a great response to the sale, ?
[A] does there
[B] hasn’t there
[C] has there
[D] hasn’t it
69.At thirteen at a district school near her home, and when she was fifteen, she saw her first article in print.
[A] Mary Jane Hawes had her first teaching position
[B] The first teaching position that Mary Jane Hawes had
[C] The teaching position was Mary Jane Hawes’ first
[D] when Mary Jane Hawes had her first teaching position
70. would be a fairly long speech in a play is often presented as a recitative in opera.
[A] That
[B] There
[C] It
[D] What
71.It is prohibited by law to mail through parcel post any merchandise that might prove in transport.
[A] dangerous
[B] with danger
[C] dangerously
[D] to the danger
72. brings about happiness has utility, according to the doctrine of utilitarianism.
[A] It
[B] Whatever
[C] Each
[D] Why
73. general acceptance of photography as an artistic medium, most museums today house collections of fine photographs
[A] The
[B] Whereas the
[C] Only the
[D] With the
74.In the United States advertising revenue pays all the direct costs of television and radio broadcasting and less than seventy percent of the cost of newspaper publishing.
[A] no
[B] none
[C] nor
[D] neither
75. ,but the larvae are parasitic on other insects.
[A] The adult bee fly feeds on flower nectar
[B] The flower nectar the adult bee fly feeds on
[C] The adult bee fly the flower nectar feeds on
[D] The flower nectar feeds the adult bee fly on
76.Not until the 1930’s, when the value of sorghum as grain, forage, and silage for livestock feeding was recognized, .
[A] increasing acreage began
[B] its acreage began to increase
[C] did its acreage begin to increase
[D] with the beginning of increased acreage
77. any aspect of society the sociologist must determine the laws influencing human behavior in social contexts.
[A] Explain
[B] To explain
[C] One explains
[D] The explanation of
78. little is known of Jacques Laramie, many geographical features and places in Wyoming bear his name.
[A] Where
[B] For
[C] Although
[D] That
79.A major application of the science of logic is distinguish between correct and incorrect reasoning.
[A] to help
[B] helped
[C] help
[D] to be helped
80.The final step in manufacturing cloth is ironing it between heavy rollers, calendaring.
[A] which process called
[B] process is being called
[C] is calling that process
[D] a process called

Part Ⅳ Translation (50 minutes, 30 points)
Section A
Directions: Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet. Remember to write it clearly.
Within this framework, and in spite of a trend during the past hundred years towards giving powers directly to ministers, the Queen still takes part in some important acts of government. These include summoning, proroguing (discontinuing until the nest session with out dissolution) and dissolving Parliament, and giving Royal Assent to Bills passed by Parliament. The Queen also formally appoints many important office holders, including government ministers, judges, officers in the armed forces, governors, diplomats, bishops and some other senior clergy of the Church of England. She is also involved in conferring peerages, knighthood and other honours; and pardoning people convicted of crimes. An important fiction is appointing the Prime Minister. by convention the Queen invites the leader of the political party which commands a majority in the House of Commons to form a government. In international affairs the queen, as head of State had the power to declare war and make peace, to recognize foreign states and governments, to conclude treaties and to annex or cede territory.

Section B
Directions: translate the following sentences into English. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet. Remember to write it clearly.
除了联邦法庭的一般裁判权外，有时也有必要为了特殊目的而设立法庭。这些法庭称为“立法”法庭，因为这些法庭是根据国会的行动而设立的。这些法庭的法官，正如其它联邦法院的同等法官一样，都是由总统任命，经参议院批准，任职终生。
这些特别法庭中，最重要的也许就是索偿法庭，该法庭成立于一八五五年，目的是对那些向美国提出的赔款申诉作出判决。其它特别法庭包括关税法庭，此法庭对涉及进口货物的税款或限额的民事诉讼享有独有的裁判权。另外还有关税及专利权上诉法庭，此法庭听取不服关税法院和美国专利局判决的上诉申请。

Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)
Directions: In this part, you will need to analyze the issue presented below and explain your views on it. The question has no “correct” answer. Instead, you should consider various perspectives as you develop your own position on the issue.
Read the statement and directions, and then make any notes in your test booklet that will help you plan your response. Begin writing your response on the separate Answer Sheet.

“We shape our building and afterwards our building shape us.”
Explain what you think this statement means and discuss the extent to which you do or do not agree with it. Support your views with reasons and / or specific examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.

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