考博英语翻译笔记 3?fya8W<
倒装和分割结构 bG\1<:6B
为了强调句子的某些部分,或是为了保持句子平衡,英语中常常使用倒装。大体说来,倒装可以分为主谓倒装和非主谓倒装。主谓倒装里又分为完全倒装和部分倒装。在翻译的时候,既可以按照主谓语的顺序翻译,也可以按照字面意思翻译。非主谓倒装只是将强调部分前置,以保持句子平衡或是起强调作用。翻译时可以采用顺序译法或是倒序译法。 -"(e*&TJ#
1. For example, they do not compensate for social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. &npf
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分析:本句中 had he grown up under more favorable circumstances 属于部分倒装。正常语序为: if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances 。在正式文体中,可以将虚拟条件句中的 if 省略,并将助动词提前。 SLBKXj|
译文:例如,它们(指测试)并不弥补社会的不公,因此不能说明一个贫困青年,要是在比较有利的境况下长大,会有多大才干。 4,)=r3;&!
2. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday’s “baby boom” generation reached its child-bearing years. Z3[,Xw
分析:该句中 so did bigger crops of babies 属于语法倒装。用 so 来代替前述肯定句谓语部分所说情况。 Q,jlKgB5:
译文:不间断的移民浪潮也起了作用 —— 而且随着昔日在 “ 生育高峰期 ” 出生的一代人达到生育年龄,婴儿的出生数量增加了,这同样起了作用。 }P^n /
3. Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job. G-rN?R.
分析:该句的 Much as I have traveled 是一个由 as 引导的让步状语从句。相当于 though I have traveled much ,但语气要比后者强。这种结构要求部分倒装。 1f~_
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译文:我虽然见多识广,但还从未见过比她细心的人,不管什么职业。 hI/p9
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4. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar can you write correctly. p|W:;(
分析:相信大家对这种结构都不陌生。 Only 后加副词、介词、状语从句时要用部分倒装。但是要注意的是,如果 only 修饰的不是状语,则不用倒装。 \QHM7C T
译文:只有很好地掌握了语法知识,写出来的东西才会正确。 ,m0=zH4+:
5. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West . >O~xu^N?
分析:当句首是否定副词或含有否定词的词语时,一般要部分倒装。 Z#\
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译文: 1980 年哪里的人口普查统计资料也不如远西地区的更能生动地说明美国人对宽敞的生活环境的追求。 I|BLAm6j
6. Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him. *r(iegO$
分析: hardly…when 的结构表示 “ 刚 … 就 …” 。含有这种结构的句子常将 hardly 置于句首,而采用部分倒装的语序。此外, hardly 分句中一般采用过去完成时,而 when (或 before )分句中使用过去时。还有,与 hardly…when… 结构类似的用法还有 barely (scarcely)…when… M"~B_t,Nw
译文:他刚开始讲,听众就打断了他的话。 v3`J~,V<
7. To such length did she go in rehearsal that two actors walked out. =L&_6