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Contend ²«¶·£»Õù¶á (compete against sb. in order to gain sth.) C/{tvY /o
Compete ±ÈÈü£»¾ºÕù (try to be more successful than another person or organization in business) -:|1>og
compete with sb. for sth. / compete for office£¨Õù¶á¹«Ö°£© / against `1eGsd,f
Struggle ¶·Õù (try hard to achieve sth.) struggle against difficulties/ struggle for freedom =U_WrY<F
Conflict ¶·Õù £¨Á½Öֹ۵㡢ÐÅÑö²»ÄÜͬʱ´æÔÚ£¬²»Äܶ¼ÕýÈ·¡££©a conflict of opinion £¨·ÖÆ磩; The two accounts of what had happened conflicted with each other.£¨¹ØÓÚ·¢ÉúµÄÊÂÇ飬Á½¸ö±¨µÀ½ØÈ»²»Í¬¡££© 9<ev]XaSl
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High invest rates will hinder economic growth. mar
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Preclude: (formal) prevent sth. or make sth. impossible P{-f./(JD
Age alone will not preclude him from standing as a candidate. #l!Sz247
Detain: (officially) prevent sb. from leaving some place £¨¾ÐÁô£»¿ÛѺ£© OEN!~-u
Delay sb. who wants to leave, by talking to them, asking them to do sth.£¨µ¢¸é£»Áôס£©
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He was detained by a flat tire on his way home. ]ctlK'.
The police detained the man to make further inquiries. ?1z." &
Retard: (formal) to delay the development of sth. or to make sth. happen more slowly than expected.£¨·Á°£»ÍƳ٣© Y GZX}-
Cold weather retards the growth of many plants. l }i
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Women's progress in the workplace is still hampered by male's attitudes. D-[`wCa,
Hamper sb. from getting elected. YuZxKuGy
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Protracted negotiations ¿õÈճ־õÄ̸ÅÐ "Yo.]PU
Protract one's stay for some weeks ¶à´ôÁ˼¸¸öÐÇÆÚ J 1?)z+t9~
Postpone: change an event, action to a later time or date /idQfff
Gail and Lisa have decided to postpone having a family for a while. 2\Vzfca
The match had to be postponed. b-1cA1#_cP
Cancel: arrange that a planned activity or event will not now happen. `|1#Vuk
The football game had been cancelled due to rain. eRK
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Delay: wait until a later time to do sth. ov{
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Adjourn: finish or stop for a short time 6w
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Blame for °Ñ¡¡¹éÓÚ Xgge_`T9
Condemn for Ç´Ôð -/>SdR$D7
Accuse sb. of sth. Ö¸Ôð io[$QTY
Criticize for ÅúÅÐ rKR2v(c
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Announce Ðû²¼£»Í¨Öª .e
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Publish ·¢±í£»³ö°æ ;T Af[[P
Advertise Ϊ¡¡×ö¹ã¸æ nQ/R,+6h
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Substitute: sth. new or different that you use instead of sth. else that you used previously. Ìæ´úÆ·£»Ìæ²¹ hJavi>374
Substitute teacher ´ú¿Î½Ìʦ KaJCfu yp
Selection: the careful choice of a particular person or thing from among a group of similar people or things. Tl.dr
Preference: if you like a preference for sth. you like it more than another thing. zj ;'0Zu
Alternative: sth. that you can choose to do or use instead of sth. else ]ov>VF,<
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Fraud: a method of illegally getting money from sb., often by using clever and complicated methods. 8Bvc#+B
Deceive: make sb. believe sth. that is not true in order to get what you want. [NE:$@
Cheat: behave in a dishonest way in order to win or to get an advantage, esp. in competitive, game, exams. _b+=q:$/
Dupe: trick or deceive sb. ºåÆ£»Õ©Æ ~bSPtH
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Consumers are being duped into buying faulty electronic goods. wf4?{H
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Decline: refuse to do sth. £¨±È½ÏÍñת£¬Àñò¾Ü¾øÑûÇ룩 ?mdgY1
Deny: She denied working for the enemy = She said she was not working for the enemy ( NOT: She refused to work for the enemy.) 'eNcQJh
Reject:¾Ü¾øÉêÇ룬¹Ûµã£¬¼Æ»® -^m]Tb<u
Refuse: ¾Ü¾øÑûÇë q[l!kC+Eh
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Particular: special enough to mention separately o"5Bg%H
Peculiar: strange, unfamiliar, and a little surprising, esp. in a way that is unpleasant or worrying. 2&st
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Taste peculiar %d..L-`]ET
Special: not ordinary but different in some way and often better or more important. 8cq H0{
a special diet q.s 2x0
unusual: different from what is usual E'|
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special ---specially or especially .G"UM>.}d
specially: used when you do sth. that is different from what you usually do for a particular purpose (with a passive form of a verb: a specially made) f9A^0A?c
especially: to emphasize sth. is more worth mentioning or more important than the other things, ( ¡, especially when¡) m_{?py@tZ
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Perplex £¨³£Óñ»¶¯£©À§»ó£»Ã£È»£»·Ñ½â W'f{u&<
Make you feel worried and confused because it is difficult to understand. ! }u'%
e.g. I was somewhat perplexed by his response. iHKWz)0
Puzzle: confuse sb. or make them feel slightly anxious because they do not understand sth. PCxv_Svf
e.g. What puzzles me is how the burglar got into the house without setting off the alarm. dA;f`Bi;Q
Confuse £¨³£Óñ»¶¯£© B^W0Ik`m
Make sb. feel that they cannot think clearly or do not understand. Jh3(5d"MV
e.g. Don't give me so much information.--- you are confusing me. &|t*9
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I was confused. j5lSu~
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Fatigued: very tired. B>dXyo
e.g. fatigued after her long journey, Bill fell into a deep sleep. XdKhT61 8G
Tired: feeling that you want tosleep or rest. `mU'{
Exhausted: extremely tired and having no energy. * A B
Bored: tired and impatient because you do not think sth. is interesting, or because you have nothing to do. dpHK~n j\_
e.g. Children easily get bored. MV"aO@
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Burglars DZÈëÊÒÄڵĵÁÔô }gY:VDW
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Synthetic ºÏ³ÉµÄ w!{g^*R+!
False ¼ÙµÄ£»ÈËÔìµÄ£¨Ç¿µ÷Ìæ´úÆ·£¬ÓëÔÎï²»Ò»Ñù£¬Èç¼ÙÑÀ£¬ÈËÔìè¶Ê¯£© :'-FaGy
Imitation ·ÂÔìµÄ(Beware of imitation ½÷·À¼Ùð) Xj :?V;
Counterfeit ±ÈImitation ¸ü±áÒå D'y/pv}!
Artificial ÈËÔìµÄ£¨Ç¿µ÷Éú²ú·½Ê½£¬È磺È˹¤½µÓ꣩ IaDc hI
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Mortal : causing death or likely to cause death i*`; /x'+
e.g. mortal injures / blow / combat Gq4~9Tm)*
Fatal: resulting in sb's death T7eo_Mn
e.g. fatal accident / illness / injures a%2r]:?^?
Deadly : like dead in appearance MH{$"^K
e.g. His face has a deadly paleness V9 <!pMj
likely to cause death 31b9pi}nf
e.g. deadly person g`)2I+L7
lethal: causing death, or having the power to cause death yw'b^D/
e.g. a lethal dose of a drug ;5 W|#{I
mgeNH~%m@*
Imaginative: new and interesting idea used in a clever way; good at thingking of new, interesting ideas and at forming pictures in one's mind `PI,tmv!
e.g. imaginative writer; imaginative child "qEHK;
Imaginable: emphasize that sth. is the best, worst example of sth. that it is possible to imagine M%H
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All, every, only z@hlN3dg
Imagined: forming a picture or idea in your mind about what sth. could be like. i>gbT+*E!
Imaginary: not really, but produced from pictures or ideas in your mind. Hf
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e.g. all the characters in this book are imaginary. <6k5nE h
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Reproach: ~sb. for /with sth. XBv:$F.>$
~ for doing sth. yP\KIm!
blame or criticize someone in a way that shows you are disappointed, but not angry ^S*~<0NQ'
e.g. Jake reproached her bitterly for abandoning him. L1#z'<IO
Scold: angrily criticize someone, esp. a child, about sth. that have done. pv%UsbY
Compliment: ~ sb. on sth. IDbqhZp(
Say sth. nice to sb. in order to praise him \gferWm
Reprimand: ~ sb. for sth. w|?<
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tell sb. officially that sth. they have done is very wrong. R.Xh&@f`
Rebuke: speak to sb. severely, about sth. they have done wrong. [ ~ sb. for V-ing] DYlu`j_ux
Chide: (literary) to speak angrily to sb. because you do not approve of sth. they have done. Q:$<`K4)
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Compliment )F;`07
Complement : show up the good qualities in sb. or sth. or make them seem more attractive. >YuBi:z
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Empty: having nothing inside; not having people inside; not being used 9:N@+;|T
e.g. an empty table in the corner +VSJve |
[ empty nest: the situation that parents are in when all their children have left home] g+h)s!$sB
Blank: without any writing, print, or recorded sound; showing no understanding; U-(2;F)
e.g. go blank: suddenly unable to remember sth. VH1P
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for TV; stop showing any images 5I9~OJ>
Vacant: vacant seat, room ¡ú empty and available for sb. to use ?2l#=t?PP
Vacant job, position ¡ú empty and available for sb. to start with VA*~RS
Bare: empty, not covered by anything or not having any decoration; not covered by clothes, by trees or grass q6'3-@%
Deceived ÆÛÆ WT$m*I
Deserted ÒÅÆú MJS4^*B\1
Desperated ¾øÍû VR/7CI4=
Disappointed ʧÍû FHWzwi*u}
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½üÐÎ´Ê 8:hUj>qx
fiction С˵ x]|8
fraction Ò»²¿·Ö ')%Kv`hz
friction Ħ²Á i
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function ¹¦ÄÜ£»Ö°Ôð -:IG{3fnu
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tumble µøµ¹ %/!n
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stumble °èµ¹ S'~Zlv3`
scramble Åʵǣ»Õù¶á c(jF^
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humble Ç«Ð飻ÐßÈè 1(6B|w5+
tremble ²ü¶¶£»µ£ÐÄ vUD,%@k9
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resume ÖжϺóÖØпªÊ¼ yyZ}qnbx]
consume ÏûºÄ k{>rI2;
assume ¼Ù¶¨£»¼ÙÉ裻²ÉÓà (think that sth. is true although you have no proof of it. E.g. ~ responsibilities / power: start to do a job esp. an important one) v#u]cmI
presume ÍƲ⣻ðÃÁ (think you can be sure of sth. because it is likely, although there is no proof. E.g. ~ sb. / sth. to be sth. / be ~ed to do sth. / ~ to do sth. '~i;g.n=}-
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resumption »Ö¸´ It,m %5
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consumption Ïû·Ñ g;)xf?A9q
assumption ¼Ù¶¨£»Òܶϣ»°ÁÂý(the assumption of responsibilities: the act of starting to have control or power) ( His air of assumption made him disliked.) ZAe>MNtW
presumption °ÁÂý£»ÍƲ⣻¼Ù¶¨ (disrespectful or impolite behavior that shows you are too confident) ='f<_FD
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bore V.×ê¿× n. ¿× 5
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pore v. ×¢ÊÓ n. ë¿× a. ¶à¿×µÄ w$ Lpuun{
sore a. ÌÛÍ´µÄ n. Í´´¦£»À£Ññ ]|g{{PWH
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simplify ¼ò»¯ -.ITcDg
modify ¸ü¸Ä ¶ÔijÎï×÷ÉÔ΢ÐÞ¸ÄʹÆäÍêÉÆ V~-<VM6
verify ֤ʵ .lrI|BH?z
rectify ¾ÀÕý£»°Ñ²»ÂúÒâµÄ×´¿ö±ä³ÉºÏºõÈËÃÇËùÆÚ´ýµÄ×´¿ö AP.WTFf
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justify Ö¤Ã÷¡¡ÊÇÓеÀÀíµÄ Sd?:+\bS;
testify Ö¤Ã÷ wWm1G)
rectify ¾ÀÕý£»°Ñ²»ÂúÒâµÄ×´¿ö±ä³ÉºÏºõÈËÃÇËùÆÚ´ýµÄ×´¿ö krwY_$q
verify ֤ʵ q:Gi
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subscription£º ¾èÔù£»¶©ÔÄ£»ÈϹº£» +jD?h-]
prescription Ò©·½£»Ö¸Áî Y%!3/3T
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contribute¡ to ÓÐÖúÓÚ "e62g
distribute ·Ö·¢£»·ÖÅä SPKGbp&
tribute ¹±Æ·£»ÀÕË÷µÄÇ®²Æ£»ËÌ´Ê O57n<J'6
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altitude ¸ß¶È +r[u4?
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latitude γ¶È z7'3d7r?
multitude ÈËȺ£¨a multitude of ¡Ðí¶à£© s,>_kxuX
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descriptive ˵Ã÷µÄ v-2_#
prescriptive ¹æ·¶µÄ£»Ô¼¶¨Ë×³ÉµÄ pk2OZ,14Mj
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interference ¸ÉÔ¤£¨Ç¿µ÷·Á°£© > ?s
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contact ½Ó´¥£»½»Íù£»ÓÐÓ°ÏìµÄÊìÈË £¨tact Ô²»¬£¬¹ÔÇÉ£¬Íâ½»ÊÖÍó£© igFz~
intact ÍêÕûÎÞȱµÄ +[C(hhk("
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possibility ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ 9^ITP!~e*
validity ÓÐЧÐÔ£»ÕýÈ·ÐÔ 0~{jgN~
reliability ¿É¿¿ÐÔ M:V'vme)+
security ±£ÕÏ£»°²È«¸Ð \k\ {S2SU
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conceivable ¿ÉÏëÏóµÄ£»¿ÉÏàÐÅµÄ able to be belileved or imagined. E.g. every conceivable means %9ef
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perceivable ¿É¸ÐÖªµÄ£»¿ÉÈÏʶµÄ KSsv~!3Yf
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arise: begin to happen (problem, difficulty) ?K]Cs&E4
e.g. arise from= caused by $<R\|_6J
rise: increase, go upwards, rise, become successful $g? ]9}p
raise: e.g. raise a question; waise your voice W@<(WI3
arouse: make you become interesting, expect sth. ; make sb. angry, afraid; wake sb. C-Y~T;53
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When things and prices move upwards on their own, they rise. A.nU8
People or government raise / increase the price. E.g. The government is raising the tax. f5p>
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Respectful ×ðÖرðÈ˵ģ»ÓÐÀñòµÄ K,f*}1$qM
Respectable ÖµµÃÈËÃÇ×ðÖصģ»ÕýÅÉµÄ tQz =_;jy
Respected Êܵ½ÈËÃÇ×ðÖØµÄ rN0G|
Respective ¸÷×Եģ»¸÷¸öµÄ ;!H<W[
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detain: (officially) prevent sb. from leaving some place £¨¾ÐÁô£»¿ÛѺ£© T](N
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Attain: succeed in reaching a particular level or in getting sth. after trying for a long time. g}(yq:D
Retain: keep sb. or continue to have sth. e.g. retain a sense of dignity h"h3SD~
Certain: Ò»¶¨ Wtl/xA_
Contain: ÈÝÄÉ 45g:q
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Doom ¶òÔË£»»ÙÃ𣻶¨×ï @)[Q6w`x
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Intentional ÓÐÒâµÄ£»¹ÊÒâµÄ i_/A,5TF
Intensive ¾«Ï¸µÄ£»Ç¿»¯µÄ S5o\joc
Intending ´òË㣻ÒâÓû ]O}TK^%
intended r7dwj
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assure : tell sb. that sth. with definitely happen. n1yIQ8 F
e.g. ~sb. that ¡ \#)|6w-
be ~ed of: feel certain that sth. will happen rV
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ensure: make sure that it does happen S F:>dneB
(AmE. Insure) ,|5|aVfh
e.g. Please ensure that the lights are switched off before leaving the building. !U6q;'
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Assure can be used in this meaning, but it mainly used in : success, safety. E.g. The band's latest release has assured their success in the rock world. S10"yhn(-t
insure: against sth. bad happening to it by paying money to an insurance company. V47z;oMXct
reassure: tell sb. that there is nothing to worry about. AW{"9f4
e.g. The doctor reassured me that there would be no pain. h7r*5E
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hatch ·õ»¯ ` x|=vu-
catch ×½ 19h@fA[:
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care СÐÄ£»¹ØÐÄ ^-^ii3G`
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hare Ò°ÍÃ [r#m +R"N
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banish ½ûÖ¹³öÈ룻ÇýÖð³ö¾³£»Çå³ý£»Ïû³ý£¨¼²²¡£© |tr^
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flexibility ±äͨÐÔ£»Áé»îÐÔ 1c\KRK4
versatility ¶à²Å¶àÒÕ£»¶à¹¦ÄÜ e"(SlR
hostility µÐÒ⣻µÐÊÓ y*#YIS56I
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cooperate ºÏ×÷ <kCOg8<y
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correlate Ïà¹Ø 8l l}"
correspond Ïà·ûºÏ =E
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collaborate Ð×÷ £¨Óëcooperate ͬ£¬µ«¶àÓÃÓÚ¿ÆѧºÍÒÕÊõ£© Q?2GwN
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observe ¹Û²ì Kw7uUJR
reserve ±£Áô×ùλ mUNAA[0 L
conserve ±£»¤£»½ÚÊ¡ ;(-Wc9=
preserve ±£Áô $@HW|Y
deserve ÖµµÃ R>t?6HOcp
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prior Ê×Ï鵀 7J;\&q'
superior ÓÅÏ鵀 5gSe=|we*p
inferior ´ÎÒªµÄ eiQ42x@Z
senior ¸ß¼¶µÄ ,MjlA{0
junior ³õ¼¶µÄ m}(M{^\|
exterior ÍⲿµÄ 0|DyYu
interior ÄÚ²¿µÄ
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sparrow Âéȸ T#\=v(_NR
swallow Ñà×Ó m
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hollow ¿ÕµÄ JM7FVB
sorrow ±¯ÉË ^WrL
narrow ÕµÄ ;@*<M\O
pillow ÕíÍ· *nK4XgD
arrow ¼ý V aoqI
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gold ½ð VU1Wr|
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sold Âô³ö ^u2x26].
told ¸æËß }
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migrant ÒƾÓÕß ($Op*bR
immigrant Èë¾³ÒÆÃñ B@@tKn_CQ
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immigration Òƾӣ»£¨×ܳƣ©ÍâÀ´ÒÆÃñ yFn~rv|&G
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emigrate ÒƾÓÍâ¹ú [&IcIZ
emigration ǨÒƳö¾³£»£¨×ܳƣ©ÒÆÃñ ;<*%BtD?
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hedge °«Ê÷Àé°Ê£»ÕÏ°Îï @r^s70{}
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pledge ÊÄÑÔ£»µäѺ£»±£ÈË #]Lodo9rS\
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deduce Íƶϣ»ÑÝÒï -GMaK.4=
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produce Éú²ú j;qV+Rq]t
induce ÒýÓÕ£»ÒýÆ𣻵¼Ö£»¹éÄÉ vL;>A]oM2
seduce Ëôʹ£»ÒýÈëÆç; Dc*
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preclude Åųý£»¶Å¾ø£»×èÖ¹ c[V.j+Iy#^
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deform ±äÐÎ :yE0DS<_
inform ֪ͨ L7n G5i
transform ת±ä E!.&y4
conform Ò»ÖÂ , Y,^vzX6
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contempt ÇáÊÓ jt(GXgm
attempt Æóͼ WgG$ r
prompt ´Ùʹ£»Íƶ¯£»¼¤Æð I;1)a4Xc4R
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percept ¸ÐÖª£»ÈÏÖª Q&+)Kp]A
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receive ÊÕµ½ 7
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deceive ÆÛÆ )FmIL(v
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conceive º¬ÓÐ kwqY~@W
perceive Öª¾õ£»Òâʶµ½£»°Ñ¡¡¿´×÷¡¡ 6|{&7=1t
(perceive ¡ as ¡ / take ¡ as ¡ / regard ¡ as ¡ / see ¡ as ¡) VXlAK(
achieve »ñµÃ =F Y2O`%a
believe ÏàÐÅ ASrRMH[
grieve ±¯Í´ 8h4]<T
relieve ·ÅËÉ ~R~.D
lilac n. dz×ÏÉ« Yh;(puhyA
antique violet n. ¹Å×ÏÉ« c53:E'
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pansy n. ×ÏÂÞÀ¼É« C^5 V
white n. °×É« OB\ZT @l
off-white n. »Ò°×É« O:a=94
ivory n. ÏóÑÀÉ« $+ N~Fa
snowy white n. Ñ©°×É« ij~-
oyster white n. Èé°×É« h^q
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gray n. »ÒÉ« f[.'V1
charcoal gray n. Ì¿»ÒÉ« ~Hv
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smoky gray n. ÑÌ»ÒÉ« (i1x<
misty gray n. Îí»ÒÉ«