江西师范大学2004年博士生招生考试英语试卷

江西师范大学2004年博士生招生考试英语试卷
Ｐart I Listening Comprehension (30 Minutes)
021-

Section A 课
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. (10 points) 彰武
1. [A] He will not go because he didn’t feel well. 共济
[B] He will not go because he doesn’t like climbing mountains. 正门
[C] He will go though he is sick. 网络督察
[D] He will go because the exercise might do him good. 共
2. [A] It is having financial trouble. 33623 037
[B] Its chemistry program is very popular 200092
[C] The fees for the chemistry course have been reduced. 正门对面
[D] The number of students has doubled. 112室
3. [A] Bill just learned to play the piano. 112室
[B] Bill plays the piano very well.
同济大学四平路

[C] Bill is proud of himself. kaoyangj
[D] Bill actually can’t play the piano. 研
4. [A] She doesn’t need an umbrella.
同济大学四平路

[B] She has put her umbrella in the car
网络督察

[C] She can’t find her umbrella. 专
[D] She will borrow the man’s umbrella. 48号
5. [A] Give up looking for the book..
33623 037

[B] Check the classroom again. 同济
[C] Buy a new book.
[D] Ask about the book at the information desk.
6. [A] Pay $26 for the gloves.
[B] Buy the leather gloves.
[C] Buy two pairs of gloves.
[D] She will probably buy the artificial leather gloves.
7. [A] That picture is drawn by Susan.
[B] Susan is younger than what she looks in the picture.
[C] That picture matters a lot to Susan.
[D] Susan is less beautiful than what she looks in the picture.
8. [A] She prefers to exercise in the morning.
[B] It is important to warm up before exercising.
[C] The man should start running daily.
[D] The man should continue his exercise program.
9. [A] Wait until the sale is over.
[B] Watch for the ad on the television.
[C] Return his suit to Conrad’s.
[D] Buy a new suit.
10. [A] $16
[B] $12
[C] $8
[D] $4

Section B
Directions: Questions 11-15 are based on a speech you are going to hear. After hearing the speech, you will be given five minutes to answer the questions. Your answer to each question should be around 10 words. Write your answer on Answer Sheet. Then you will hear the speech again to check your answers. Now you are given fifteen seconds to go over the questions first. (5 points)
11. What is the topic under discussion?

12. When did the Constitution Convention take place?

13. Several famous people are mentioned in this speech. Who are they?

14. How many amendments have been made to the Constitution according to the speaker?

15. How does the lecturer feel about the Constitution?

Section C
Directions: You will hear a passage. While you are listening, you should take notes. After hearing the passage, you will be given five minutes to accomplish the task assigned. Write your answer on Answer Sheet. Then you will hear the passage again to check you work. Now you are given 3 seconds to go over your task first. (5 points)
16. Please tell the main idea of the passage in no more than 50 words.(5 points)

Part II Reading Comprehension (50 Minutes)
Directions: Read each passage and answer all the questions that follow the passage. On your answer sheet, circle the letter that best answers the question. (30 points)

Passage One

One of the more ambitious projects at MIT’s robot laboratory is building robots the size of gnats, just a few millimeters in diameter. Dr Anita Flynn speculates that hordes of them might someday hunt down crop pests or munch barnacles off ships. They might perform intricate microsurgery. A few glowing gnatbots, moving in patterns through your hair, could create a new fashion industry. There are, of course, some problems to be overcome first.
The brain of a gnatbot is a silicon chip, and chips are already quite small. In theory the arms, legs and sensors of a gnatbot can also be etched directly on to silicon. Such techniques have already been used to build microscopic revolving rotor and other bits of machinery. But a big problem is the motor. A petrol engine a couple of millimeters across is too silly to contemplate. Likewise steam. But Mr Stephen Bart at MIT is working on an idea for an electric motor that just might work.
Some materials, called piezoelectric materials, change shape when an electric current is applied to them. Some Japanese companies and Germany’s Daimler Benz are already building palm-sized motors from such materials. The trick is to lay down a ring of piezoelectric material, then apply an electric current to the materials so that a wave moves around the ring. Press the ring to another part and the second part will move, carried by the waves beneath it. The result is a motor.
Because they are strong, quiet and ring-shaped, such motors are already used to autofocus cameras. They may soon be used to power car windows. Mr Bart has another idea. Very small rings of piezoelectric material ─ a millimeter or smaller in diameter ─ can be deposited directly on the surface of a chip, together with the wiring needed to bring electricity to them. This motor-on-a-chip might just prove capable of powering a gnatbot ─ provided someone can also build an equally tiny battery.

17. What is the purpose of mentioning crop pests and barnacles?
[A] To provide examples of gnatbots’ power.
[B] To compare similarity in their sizes.
[C] To show two stages of robot development.
[D] To contrast differences in their functions.
18. What does the underlined word “They” refer to in the first paragraph?
[A] Projects. [B] Gnats.
[C] Robots. [D] Crop pests or barnacles.
19. Why is a petrol engine a couple of millimeters across too silly to contemplate?
[A] It cannot provide enough power.
[B] It works like a steam engine.
[C] Its technique is not advanced.
[D] Its size is unimaginably small.
20. Piezoelectric motors may soon be used to provide power for ____________.
[A] autofocus cameras [B] steamers
[C] Car windows [D] petrol engines
21. Which of the following is NOT the reason why piezoelectric motors are used to autofocus cameras?
[A] They are ring-shaped [B] They are quiet
[C] They are inexpensive [D] They are powerful.
22. Besides motor, what else is also needed to develop in order to power a gnatbot?
[A] Piezoelectric material. [B] Tiny battery.
[C] Silicon chip. [D] Necessary wiring.

Passage Two

Musical comedy is a particular American kind of theatrical entertainment, developed in the twentieth century from a number of diverse dramatic and musical elements. These can be identified, but the mixture called musical comedy cannot be so accurately defined. Related, sometimes only indirectly, to early ballad opera, minstrel show, vaudeville, operetta, and burlesque, it is like and unlike all of these.
Musical comedy differs from comic opera and operetta in that it adheres to a less formalized and more vernacular style in its music, dialogue, and dances. It differs from vaudeville and variety (which may also contain music and dialogue) in that it possesses at least a rudimentary plot, and usually involves a much more elaborate production. It resembles more closely the nonnudity “burlesques” of the later nineteenth century in its association of music and comedy, but unlike them it is not restricted to imitation or parody. The critic in 1894 who said that the musical comedy he saw was “at indefinable mélange of music and drama” probably came as close to definition as anyone since.
The nineteenth century’s burlesques and variety shows have both music and comedy; the minstrel show added dancing and so did vaudeville. The combination of music, dancing, plot, and girls (the final ingredient) that led eventually to musical comedy arrived in the United States with The Black Crook.
There was little relationship in the show among plot, songs, dances, and girls (a hundred of them in “closefitting flesh-colored tights and as little else as the law will permit,” the press remarked) but the public liked it immensely. Since it presented a simple story line more or less integrated with music, that is, a “book” and a “score”, The Black Crook deserves to be called the first step toward musical comedy. It fitted the theatrical space between vaudeville on one extreme, and operetta, opera, and serious drama on the other. It had, naturally, many imitators, the best of which was Nate Salisbury’s production of The Brook (1879), which built its songs, dances, and skits about the device of a picnic and had a long run.
23. Why musical comedy cannot be accurately defined?
[A] It is like and unlike many other forms.
[B] It is only a mixture of various forms.
[C] It has a less formalized style.
[D] It developed in the 20th century.
24. Musical comedy differs from vaudeville and variety in that _______ .
[A] it is not restricted to imitation or parody
[B] it is associated with music and comedy
[C] it possesses at least a rudimentary plot
[D] it adheres to a less formalized and more vernacular style
25. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “mélange” (in paragraph 2)?
[A] Form. B] Art.
[C] Product. [D] Mixture.
26. Which element is NOT mentioned in musical comedy?
[A] Monologue. [B] Dancing.
[C] Plot. [D] Music.
27. Musical comedy stands in the middle of two extremes, ______ and _______ .
[A] Music … comedy [B] vaudeville… opera
[C] operetta…drama [D] burlesques…variety
28.Which of the following statements is true about “The Brook” (1897)?
[A] It has been the best imitator of The Black Crook.
[B] It is the first step toward musical comedy.
[C] It had been popular for a long time.
[D] It is about songs, dances, and skits.

Passage Three

Whenever we are involved in a creative type of activity that is self-rewarding, a feeling overcomes us ─ a feeling that we call “flows”. When we are flowing we lose all sense of time and awareness of what is happening around us; instead, we feel that everything is going just right.
A rock dancer describes his feeling of flow like this, “If I have enough space, I feel I can radiate an energy into the atmosphere. I can dance for walls, I dance for floors. I become one with the atmosphere.” “You are in an ecstatic state to such a point that you don’t exist,” says a composer, describing how he feels when he “flows”. Players of any sport throughout the world are familiar with the feeling of flow; they enjoy their activity very much, even though they can expect little extrinsic reward. The same holds true for surgeons, cave explorers, and mountain climbers.
Flow provides a sort of physical sensation along with an altered state of being. One man put it this way: “Your body feels good and awake all over. Your energy is flowing.” People who flow feel part of this energy; that is, they are so involved in what they are doing that they do not think of themselves as being separate from their activity. They are flowing along with their enjoyment. Moreover, they concentrate intensely on their activity. They do not try to concentrate harder, however; the concentration comes automatically. A chess player compares this concentration to breathing. As they concentrate, these people feel immersed in the action, lost in the action. Their sense of time is altered and they skip meals and sleep without noticing their loss. Sizes and spaces also seem altered: successful baseball players see and hit the ball so much better because it seems larger to them. They can even distinguish the seams on a ball approaching them at 165 kilometers per hour.
It seems that flow is a “floating action” in which the individual is aware of his actions but not aware of his awareness. A good reader is also absorbed in his book that he knows he is turning the pages to go on reading, but he does not notice he is turning these pages. The moment people think about it, flow is destroyed, so they never ask themselves questions such as “Am I doing well?” or “Did everyone see my jump?”
Finally, to flow successfully depends a great deal on the activity itself; not too difficult to produce anxiety, not too easy to bring about boredom; challenging, interesting, fun. Some good examples of flow activities are games and sports, reading learning, working on what you enjoy, and even day-dreaming.
29. What is the main purpose of the article?
[A] To define the new psychological term “flow”.
[B] To illustrate the feeling of “flow”
[C] To analyze the causes of a special feeling.
[D] To lead people to acquire the feeling of “flow”
30. In this article, “flow” refers to a feeling that probably results from ________ .
[A] awareness [B] ecstasy
[C] unconsciousness [D] self-rewarding
31. Which of the following is NOT a sign of flow?
[A] Enjoyment [B] Concentration
[C] Expectancy [D] Ecstasy
32. Which of the following is closes in meaning to the underlined word “immersed”?
[A] Occupied. [B] Engrossed.
[C] Soaked. [D] Committed.
33. What does one usually act while “flowing” in reading?
[A] To think what he is doing
[B] To wonder how fast he can read.
[C] To turn the pages.
[D] To mind the page number.
34. The activity which can successfully bring about “flow” is most probably _______ .
[A] gripping [B] difficult
[C] boring [D] easy

Passage Four

Every year as Christmas time rushes in I get frantic inquiries from readers asking about the legality of giving handguns as gifts. Most of these folks are just like me: they don’t get around to their Christmas shopping until it’s almost Christmas Eve. So when they run into the legal tangles surrounding firearms transfer, they don’t have time to find solutions before Santa’s big day.
The process can be very complicated and time-consuming, and in some particular state and local jurisdictions it is, sadly, close to being not worth the trouble. The most unfortunate thing from the Christmas gift point of view is that the legal requirements surrounding firearms transfer make it nearly impossible to give someone a gun as a surprise. Santa can’t just leave it under the tree: he would be committing a federal crime.
First let’s deal with firearms gift-giving between residents of different states. The crux of the issue is this: legally you cannot just buy a handgun, wrap it up, and send it directly to a friend or relative in another state as a Christmas present. The Federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, having learned its trade at the knee of Ebenezer Scrooge, has no holiday spirit at all when it comes to firearms gifts. But there are ways to legally circumvent this general prohibition if you want to take the time and effort.
Let’s suppose you live in Arizona and want to give a 22 target pistol to your father, who lives in Illinois. The first thing you would need to do is contact a licensed gun dealer close to your father’s residence. Dan’s favorite gun shop would be ideal. Find out if the dealer would be willing to process the necessary paperwork to accomplish a legal transfer.
If the dealer in Illinois agrees to help, you would wrap up the gun and ship it to the Illinois dealer. All your father would then have to do is to go to the dealer, complete the necessary federal and state forms, go through all the necessary procedures governing handgun transfer, and then, finally, take the gun home.
Obviously, all this makes it impossible to surprise your father with a nicely wrapped package under the tree, unless you were planning to at your dad’s house for the holiday. Then you could buy the gun in your home state, give it to him as a wrapped present on Christmas morning, and afterward go to the local gun shop with him to get the ownership of the pistol legally transferred from you to him. Of course, if there is a waiting period involved, your dad would have to twiddle his thumbs through the Second, Third, and Fourth days of Christmas before he could go back and actually pick up the gun.
There is nothing in any federal, state, or local law that actually prohibits you from purchasing a firearm for the purpose of transferring it as a gift to someone else. But the procedures involved can be so very damned complicated as to take nearly all of the fun out of it.

35. Every year before Christmas the writer of this article __________ .
[A] is asked about the legal solution of firearms transfer
[B] is required to give handguns as gifts
[C] makes an investigation into ha handgun transfer
[D] helps readers contact gun dealers
36. As to transfer of a firearm as a gift to someone else _______ .
[A] many states do not have corresponding laws
[B] it could hardly be a real surprise
[C] across state transfer in particular states is impossible
[D] deferral government and local authorities are in conflict
37. Handgun are not among the most satisfactory gifts because _________ .
[A] they often frighten people
[B] they can make people commit crimes
[C] their purchase can be annoyingly complicated and time consuming
[D] they will bring people bad luck
38. What is the federal government’s attitude towards firearms gifts?
[A] positive. [B] Discouraging.
[C] Indifferent. [D] The passage does not say.
39. One thing that the handgun gift recipients have to do is to ___________ .
[A] choose a favorite gun dealer
[B] contact a licensed gun dealer
[C] complete some necessary forms
[D] take the gun home and leave it under the tree
40. If you want to make it a real surprise to your father with a pistol gift, you must ______ .
[A] ask a gun dealer for help
[B] spend the Christmas Day with your father
[C] complete all legal procedures before Christmas
[D] ship the pistol directly to your father

Passage Five

When a member of an ethnic minority group acquires the behavior patterns, lifestyles, values, and language of the mainstream culture we say that he or she has become culturally assimilated. Cultural assimilation is the process by which an individual or group acquires the culture traits of a different ethnic or cultural group. Since the dominant group controls most of the social, economic, and political institutions in a society, members of ethnic minority groups must acquire its cultural traits to move up the social and economic ladder. When studying this concept, it is important to learn that although non-white ethnic minorities may become totally assimilated culturally, they will still be victims of discrimination and racism because of their different physical characteristics.
A widespread myth is that Mexican American and Afro-Americans experience discrimination because they often have meager education and live in ghettos. Even though it is true that many Blacks and Mexican Americans are members of the lower social economic classes, and that all lower-class individuals are treated differently than middle- and upper-class people, it is also true that Blacks and Chicanos with high educations and incomes frequently experience discrimination because of their color. Since American racism is based largely on skin color, no degree of cultural assimilation eliminates it.
Some discussion of forces assimilation and cultural genocide should take place when students study cultural assimilation. Assimilation often occurs when a minority group “voluntarily” acquires the behavior patterns and lifestyles of dominant group to attain social mobility and occupational success. I use the word voluntarily here somewhat reluctantly because without some degree of cultural assimilation, a group that is very different culturally may not be able to survive in a particular culture. However, in the history of the United States, some forms of cultural assimilation that took place were totally nonvoluntary and might be called forced assimilation because the cultures of certain groups were deliberately destroyed. These groups were forced to acquire the language, lifestyles and values of the dominant culture.
Individuals and groups who refused to accept the dominant culture were sometimes the victims of sever punishments, such as death. The cultures of African groups were deliberately destroyed by the slave masters. This cultural destruction began on the slave ships. It seems that systematic and deliberated attempts were made to destroy Indian cultures. These efforts were highly successful since many of the cultural elements of these groups now exist only in the pages of history, and sometimes not even there since they were often destroyed before they could be recorded.
41. Which of the following is the most possible title for the passage?
[A] Cultural Shock [B] Social Institution
[C] Cultural Assimilation [D] Forced Assimilation
42. Regardless of cultural factors, non-While minorities would ___________ .
[A] still be treated unfairly
[B] be the victims of the physical abuse
[C] be accepted by the dominant group
[D] have better education and happier lives
43. The underlined word “ghettos” (in paragraph 2) are probably the places _______ .
[A] in which Mexican Americans live
[B] in which lower-class people live
[C] where people entertain themselves
[D] where minorities are welcome
44. Minority groups often experience discrimination mainly because ____________ .
[A] they earn little money [B] they are poorly educated
[C] they are non-White [D] they refuse to acquire a new culture
45. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
[A] American racism is largely based on skin color.
[B] Many forms of cultural assimilation are totally voluntary.
[C] Many cultural elements of African groups no longer exist in reality.
[D] The dominant group controls most social, economic and political institutions in the society.
46. The most severe penalty that the groups who refuse to accept the dominant culture may face is _______ .
[A] occupational failure [B] physical abuse
[C] imprisonment [D] genocide

Part III Translation (60 Minutes)
Section A
Directions: Translate the following into English. Write your English version on Answer Sheet. (15 points)

据韦纳曼博士（Dr. Weinerman）宣称，美国城市的烟雾的三分之二归咎于汽车，而不是工厂。这种烟雾可能引起一种完全新型的流行病，不是起因于某种细菌，而是起因于受污染的环境。他说：“在今后五至十年中，像洛杉矶这样的城市可能会流行肺癌。这是保健事业中的一个新的重大课题。”
他接着说：“解决的办法不是去寻找一种危险较小的燃料，而是要建立一种新的市内交通体系。由于小汽车的使用不断增加，公共交通任期萎缩和退化，其结果是在大多数城市里，如果不能步行到达目的地，那你非得有一辆小汽车不可。” 韦纳曼博士认为，这种情况反过来有导致公用道路的阻塞，导致市区的衰败以及中产阶级向郊区迁移。

Section B
Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese version on Answer Sheet. (15 points)
Several broad categories of terrorist crime may be distinguished, not in legal terms, but by intention. Foremost is the use of violence and the threat of violence to create public fear. This may be done by making random attacks to injure or kill anyone who happens to be in the vicinity when an attack takes place. Because such crimes deny, by virtue of their being directed at innocent bystanders, the unique worth of individual, terrorism is said to be a form of crime that runs counter to all morality and so undermines the foundations of civilization. Another tactic generating fear is the abduction and assassination of heads of state and members of governments in order to make others afraid of taking positions of leadership and so to spread a sense of insecurity. Persons in responsible positions may be abducted or assassinated on the grounds that they are “representatives” of some institution or system to which their assailants are opposed.

Part IV Writing (40 Minutes)
Directions: Many young people choose to continue their education at colleges or universities in English-speaking countries such as Britain, Australia or America.
What are the benefits of studying abroad? What are some of the problems that students might experience when studying in a foreign country? Write an essay of at least 200 words on Answer Sheet. (20 points)

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