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主题 : 考博英语作文原则大全
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楼主  发表于: 2010-02-17   

考博英语作文原则大全

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一、长短句原则 G^ n|9)CVW  
工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: . KRh59yg  
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. ?]$.3azO  
如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记! (Dc dR:/=  
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。 p3sz32RX  
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二、主题句原则 jY$ |_o.4  
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! .}a@OLJd  
特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! KX`MX5?x  
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly. }Y<(1w  
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三、一二三原则 xa!@$w=U&  
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 k]I<%  
1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗)   %;n y  
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) @R`OAd y  
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗) ]lm9D@HMC  
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) ?i9LqHL  
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) @GjWeOj]  
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) ~-'nEATE  
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) UW)k]@ L  
8)most important of all, moreover, finally gqG l>=.m  
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) AL,|%yup  
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) *-` /A  
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚! ii{5z;I] X  
四、短语优先原则 tPFV6n i  
写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: 3%k@,Vvt  
I cannot bear it. qRB&R$  
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. syBYH5  
I want it. IsnC_"f  
可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. +gK7`:v4O*  
这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。 x!LUhX '  
五、多实少虚原则 u3"F7 lJ  
原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。 HLTz|P0JZ  
再比如: [Zgy,j\ \  
走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room /I".n]  
但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room KHdj#3<AR  
*****走出房间应该说:sail out of the room -OVJ]  
小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room ( 3=.3[  
老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room WYI? M  
所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩! QWfwoe&;R:  
六、多变句式原则 SE%i@}  
1)加法(串联) iTxn  
都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: :'.-*Ew  
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. g/JAr<  
如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: ou96 P<B  
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 24|:VxO  
其它的短语可以用: :i?Z1x1`  
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover sHh2>f@x$  
2)转折(拐弯抹角) 5M*q{k X)  
批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 o<T>G{XYB  
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. 'Y>!xm   
The coat was thin, but it was warm. j+Wgjf  
更多的短语: 5C{X$7u  
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding yTbBYx9Bi  
3)因果(so, so, so) bNIT 1'v  
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! p7 2 +:I  
The snow began to fall, so we went home. }{E//o:Ta  
更多短语: -7;RPHJs  
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that rA{h/T"  
4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) 4#4kfGoT  
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 h'T\gF E%  
举例:This is what I can do. WDgp(Av!  
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. (}] 74Lc  
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分: 1NJ*EzJ~?  
When to go, Why he goes away…  0fNWI  
5)附加(多此一举) 8v(Xr}q,r  
如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 =fG(K!AQ  
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. AGrGZ7p]  
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. => -b?F0(c  
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. TX;OA"3=\-  
其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 n>Zkx+jLj<  
6)排比(排山倒海句) EKwS~G.b!  
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! MY1 tYO  
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. &Q CqaJ-  
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. w&f29#i;b  
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) f ( UcJx  
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可! NW!e@;E+i  
七、挑战极限原则  Uc7X)  
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀! z[O W%(vrm  
原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: ?6uh^Qal  
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. 2LD4f[a;  
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.  FcfN]!  
如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! /<|J\G21  
文章主体段落三大杀手锏: G)b]uX  
一、举实例 n=hz7tjaz  
思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! V @d:n  
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. QC ]z--wu  
For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. DYzVV(_J"  
更多句型: PB }$.8  
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example ;5y!,OF6  
二、做比较 S0p]:r ";x  
方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; EHo"y.ODg  
世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: -4GSGR'L&y  
相似的比较: eZ  ]6 Q  
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner >E)UmO{S  
相反的比较: V|b?H6Q  
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, … 2.; OHQTE  
三、换言之 {/B) YR  
没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 R`s /^0  
实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! lG jdDqi  
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. ](8XC_-U'  
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love with you. S:^Q(w7  
或者上面我们举过的例子: BB>7%~3f  
I cannot bear it. _VY]  
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. )Dqv&^  
因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it. ^!kv gm<{$  
更多短语: z|p H>R?:  
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply
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