华东政法学院2005年博士研究生入学考试国际法学专业外语试题 afV
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2005年博士研究生入学考试 VEr 6uvB
考试科目:英语 @>gD1Q7v b
考试日期:2005年 月 日 `Q+
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注意:答题请写在答题纸上,写在本试卷册上无效。选择题答题方式:A B ● D <?nB,U
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Part One: Vocabulary and Structure (25 points) }=xI3;7
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Directions: In this part there are 25 incomplete statements. Each of them is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You are required to decide on the best choice that makes the statement meaningfully and structurally correct. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. .<0=a|IAz
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1. The young, self-assured prince _______ power upon the death of the king. rO5u~"v]
A. resumed B. consumed C. assumed D. presumed \}U[}5Pk&
2. Scientists have warned us that an increase in the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere will cause the Earth to warm up while increasing the aerosol content will cause it to cool down. Now the aerosol problem ____ large than ever. b1eK(F
A. threatens B. becomes C. appears D. looms ze*&*csO
3. As the sky looks ominous, it is obvious that a violent thunderstorm is ____. Kp$_0
A. immediate B. instantaneous C. eminent D. imminent :P j W:]
4. I finally succeeded in persuading that student to ______ the source of the rumor.
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A. divulge B. discover C. uncover D. diverge rsd2v9
5. Rain poured down; the sky was split by terrifying flashes of forked lightning while peals of thunder ____ our conversation. 7W6eiUI'
A. died down B. drowned C. sank D. submerged k,
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6. Health officials in China have been trying to eliminate measles, a contagious disease with a ___ period of about ten years. gcQ. YP9
A. covert B. latent C. inert D. tacit }C_G0'"F
7. Only after I finished reading this essay did it dawn on me that the whole story about the grebe’s diet was not a ___ of her imagination. "
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A. figment B. fantasy C. fabrication D. figure i5ajM,i/K
8. I must ___ that I only know a sprinkling of English so your translation may well be better than mine. bbE bf !E
A. confide B. conclude C. confirm D. concede ({D}QEP
9. It is impossible to ___ these two points of view because they are too different. J-@o@!o
A. compromise B. unite C. reconcile D combine _)HD4,`
10. many of the newly-built hotels are ___ situated for sightseeing, business and shopping. L?Kz
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A. appropriately B. suitably C. conveniently D. deliberately Qx6,>'Qk'
11. With time, the memory of childhood quarrels and frictions among family members will fade into ___ . "R@$Wu53|
A. obliteration B. oblivion C. realization D. thin air A^}i^
12. We hear that miniskirts are coming back into fashion, but I wonder if they’ll really ___ again. p?J
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A. catch hold of B. catch breath C. catch on D. catch out c9Y2eetO
13. If John ___ with his piano playing, he could eventually reach concert standard.
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A. perseveres B. sustains C. maintains D. survives o<C]+Nt,@
14. They decided to ____ their different interests and unite in pursuit of a common goal. ~ LJ>WA
A. substitute B. crossC. submerge D. surrender 2<46jJYL'
15. As the word was repeated over and over again, it began to ____ a new meaning. 3s+<
A. put on B. turn onC. take on D. bring on %a)0?U
16. You can borrow my book provided that you ____ it to me tomorrow. FUW(>0x?
A. return B. returned C. will return D. would return BCj`WF@8l{
17. Either you or he ____ the lie. wW6mYgPN%
A. is telling B. are telling C. tell D. shall tell 7yqSt)/U
18. The security of the passengers is supposed to ____ by the captain. FqT,4SIR
A. see to B. seeing to C. be seen to D. seen to
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19. He has to ____ his small salary by living economically. E3FW*UNg[y
A. upset B. offset C. outset D. preset 3<e(@W}n-M
20. You shouldn’t change jobs constantly, or people will become suspicious of your ability to ____ any job. xN{"%>Mx
A. hold B. sustain C. engage D. uphold K$37}S5
21. A leading member should never concentrate all his attention on one or two problems, to the ____ of others. zAkc67:
A. displacement B. elimination C. exclusion D. exception 0i5T]
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22. You can rest ___ that the talented young secretary has been able to confirm what he said in the original report.
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A. assured B. ensured C. insured D. reassured z^ a6%N
23. Mary acquired a certain ___ mode of behavior at her expensive school in Switzerland, but her character still remains very unreliable.
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A. clever B. polished C. well-behaved D. well-bred dIBKE0`
24. The explorer’s hopes of finding their missing colleagues are now beginning to ___ . p ,[XT`q^
A. faint B. darken C. shrink D. fade m
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25. When people give pretty names to ugly things, it is sometimes difficult for us to tell whether they are ___ or telling the truth. *D09P%
A. deceptive B. deceitful C. illusive D. elusive |&0"N[t
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Part Two: Reading Comprehension (40 points) Dh!iY0Lz
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Directions: In this part there are 4 reading passages. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. There are four choices marked A, B, C, and D after each question or statement. You are required to decide on the best choice and then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. PcNfTB{
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Questions 26 to 27 are based on the following passage: {l *&l2
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Surprisingly enough, modern historians have rarely interested themselves in the history of the American South in the period before the South began to become self-consciously and distinctively “Southern”-the decades after 1815. Consequently, the cultural history of Britain’s North American empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries has been written almost as if the Southern colonies had never existed. The American culture that emerged during the Colonial and Revolutionary eras has been depicted as having been simply an extension of New England Puritan culture. However, Professor Davis has recently argued that the South stood apart from the rest of American society during this early period, following its own unique pattern of cultural development. The case for Southern distinctiveness rests upon two related premises: first, that the cultural similarities among the five Southern colonies were far more impressive than the differences, and second, that what made those colonies alike also made them different from the other colonies. The first, for which Davis offers an enormous amount of evidence, can be accepted without major reservations; the second is far more problematic. w
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What makes the second premise problematic is the use of the Puritan colonies as a basis for comparison. Quite properly, Davis decries the excessive influence ascribed by historians to the Puritans in the formation of American culture. Yet Davis inadvertently adds weight to such ascriptions by using the Puritans as the standard against which to assess the achievements and contributions of Southern colonials. Throughout, Davis focuses on the important, and undeniable, differences between the Southern and Puritan colonies in motives for and patterns of early settlement, in attitudes toward nature and Native Americans, and in the degree of receptivity to metropolitan cultural influences. lE
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However, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut. Thus, what in contrast to the Puritan colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern-acquisitiveness, a strong interest in politics and the law, and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models-was not only more typically English than the cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut, but also almost certainly characteristic of most other early modern British colonies from Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire. Within the larger framework of American colonial life, then, not the Southern but the Puritan colonies appear to have been distinctive, and even they seem to have been rapidly assimilating to the dominant cultural patterns by the last Colonial period. jL7MmR#y5"
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26. The author is primarily concerned with _r?;lnWx@
A. refuting a claim about the influence of Puritan culture on the early American South. QS=$#Gp
B. refuting a thesis about the distinctiveness of the culture of the early American South.
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C. refuting the two premises that underlie Davis- discussion of the culture of the American South. R26tQbwE
D. challenging the hypothesis that early American culture was homogeneous in nature. &x0TnW"g
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27. The passage implies that the attitudes toward Native Americans that prevailed in the Southern colonies CI~;B
A. developed as a response to attitudes that prevailed in Massachusetts and Connecticut. SX?$H~A
B. derived from Southerners-strong interest in the law. Nh\8+v*+{
C. were modeled after those that prevailed in the North. {DXZ}7w:v
D. differed from those that prevailed in the Puritan colonies. R
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28. The author argues that, in describing American culture during the Colonial and Revolutionary eras, historians y~A7pzBZ=
A. overestimated the importance of the puritans in the development of American cultureB. did not attach enough importance to the strong religious orientation of the colonists. H;t8(-F@'
C. failed to recognize undeniable cultural differences between New Hampshire and Rhode Island. d a?th
D. used Massachusetts and Connecticut as cultural models for the other American colonies. 18/@:u{
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29. Which of the following elements of Davis book is the author in agreement with? HsgTHe
A. Acquisitiveness was a characteristic unique to the South during the Colonial period. 9-
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B. There were significant differences between Puritan and Southern culture during the Colonial period. _6-/S!7Y\
C. The Southern colonies shared a common culture. ^qus `6
D. The Northern colonies shared a homogeneous culture. kz VI
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30. The passage suggests that by the late Colonial period the tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models was a cultural pattern that was 5G] #yb74
A. dying out as Puritan influence began to grow. >3
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B. self-consciously and distinctively Southern. ?-F'0-t4%
C. spreading to Massachusetts and Connecticut. S7~F*CGBh
D. more characteristic of the Southern colonies than of England. 8(_g] u#B;
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Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage: W7[S7kd
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In a sense, the new protectionism is not protectionism at all, at least not in the traditional sense of the term. The old protectionism referred only to trade restricting and trade expanding devices, such as the tariff or export subsidy. The new protectionism is much broader than this: it includes interventions into foreign trade but is not limited to them. The new protectionism, in fact, refers to how the whole of government intervention into the private economy affects international trade. The emphasis on trade is still there, thus came the term “protection.” But what is new is the realization that virtually all government activities can affect international economic relations. i+x6aQ24
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The emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world reflects the victory of the interventionist, or welfare economy over the market economy. Jab Tumiler writes, “The old protectionism…coexisted, without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptance of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanism — indeed, protectionists as well as (if not more than) free traders stood for laissez faire. Now, as in the 1930s, protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societies satisfaction.” ylxfh(
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It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is responsible for the protectionism. In a market economy, economic change of various colors implies redistribution of resources and incomes. The same opinion in many communities apparently is that such redistributions often are not proper. Therefore, the government intervenes to bring about a more desired result. =+-.5M
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The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northern Europe. In Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and the Netherlands, government intervention in almost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal. In Great Britain this is only somewhat less true. Government traditionally has played a very active role in economic life in France and continued to do so. Only West Germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive interventionism in Western Europe. It also happens to be the most successful Western European economy. %^%-h}1
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The welfare state has made significant progress in the United States as well as in Western Europe. Social security, unemployment insurance, minimum wage laws, and rent control are by now traditional welfare state elements on the American scene. UuqnL{
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31. This passage is primarily concerned with discussing ____. pH:|G
A. the definition of the new protectionism i |^`gly
B. the difference between new and old protectionism +\Mm
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C. the emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world H$z+gbjJ
D. the significance of the welfare state rLVc<595
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32. What does the phrase “stood for” (Para.2) mean? g)D}p@>m
A. represented. B. held out. C. tolerated. D. disapproved. (@o
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33. Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of a welfare state mentioned in this passage? ya
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A. Free education is available to a child. V1>94/waa
B. Laws are made to fix the minimum wage. 2,Dc]oj
C. A jobless person can be insured.
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D. There are regulations for rent. bNU^tL3QZ
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34. Which of the following inferences is true, according to this passage? v
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A. The economy developed faster in welfare states than in non-welfare states. 'htA! KHF
B. In the 1930s, protectionism began to rise. 3M*[a~
C. The new protectionism is so called mainly because it is the latest. CgKSK0/a
D. Government plays a more active role in economic life in Northern Europe than in Great Britain. Q4:r$
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35. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions? #=#$b _6*
A. When did the new protectionism arise? CPeK0(7Zh
B. Why is the new protectionism so popular in northern European countries?C. Does the American government play a more active role in economic life than the British government? WA\f`SRF
D. Why does the government intervene in economic life? FEmlC,%
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Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage: j77}{5@p
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There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system and the traditional system. WA5kX SdIb
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