2003华东师大考博英语阅读及答案 J7wwM '\
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Passage 1
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Birds sometimes exhibit benevolent feelings; they will feed the deserted young ones even of distinct species, but this perhaps ought to be considered as a mistaken instinct. They will feed, as shown in an earlier part of this work, adult birds of their own species which have become blind. Mr. Buxton gives a curious account of a parrot which took care of a frost-bitten and crippled bird of a distinct species, cleansed her feathers and defended her from the attacks of the other parrots which roamed freely about his garden. It is a still more curious fact that these birds apparently evince some sympathy for the pleasures of their fellows. When a pair of cockatoos made a nest in an acacia tree "it was ridiculous to see the extravagant interest taken in the matter by the others of the same species." These parrots also evinced unbounded curiosity and clearly had "the idea of property and possession." They have good memories, for in the Zoological Gardens they have plainly recognized their former masters after an interval of some months. J#w=Z>oz <
Birds possess acute powers of observation. Every mated bird, of course, recognizes its fellow. Audubon states that a certain number of mating thrushes (Mimus polyglottus) remain all the year round in Louisiana, while others migrate to the Eastern States; these latter on their return are instantly recognized and always attacked by their southern brethren. Birds under confinement distinguish different persons, as is proved by the strong and permanent antipath or affection which they show without any apparent cause toward certain individuals. I have heard of numerous instances with jays, partridges, canaries, and especially bullfinches. Mr. Husscy has described in how extraordinary a manner a tamed partidge recognized everybody; and its likes and dislikes were very strong This bird seemed "fond of gay colors, and no new gown or cap could be put on without catching his attention." Mr. Hcwitt has described the habits of some ducks (recenfiy descended from wild birds) which at the approach of a strange dog or cat would rush headlong into the water and exhaust themselves in their attempts to escape; but they knew Mr. Hewitt\'\'s own dogs and cats so well that they would lie down and bask in the sun close to them. They always moved away from a strange man, and so they would from the lady who attended them if she made any great change in her dress. Audubon relates that he reared and tamed a wild turkey which always ran away from any strange dog; this bird escaped into the woods, and some days afterward Audubon saw, as he thought, a wild turkey and made his dog chase it; but to his astonishment the bird did not nm away, and the dog when he came up did not attack the bird, for they mutually recognized each other as old friends. +|oLS_
Mr. Jenner Weir is convinced that birds pay particular attention to the colors of other birds, sometimes out of jealousy and sometimes as a sign of kinship. Thus he turned a reed-bunting (Emberiza sehoeniculus), which had acquired its black headdress, into his aviary, and the newcomer was not noticed by any bird except by a bullfinch, which is likewise black-headed_ This bullfinch was a very quiet bird, and had never before quarreled with any of its comrades, including another reed-bunting, which had not as yet become black-headed; but the reed-bunting with a black head was so unmercifully treated that it had to be removed. &9Z@P[f
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61. Why does Darwin cite Mr. Buxton? dqU)(T=C
A. To support his theory about birds\'\' powers of observation. CyVi{"aF3
B. To support his statement about birds\'\' benevolence. =JT wH>fD
C. To contrast with his own observations of birds, <vs*aFq
D. Both A and B. j$u
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62. Why does Darwin mention jays, partridges, canaries, and bullfinches? px buZ9w2Q
A. To explain why some birds cannot be trained. #RdcSrw)W!
B. To educate his reader on types of local birds. -e51 /lhpd
C. To contrast with a later discussion of shore birds. v!S(T];)
D. To support his discussion of birds\'\' memories. KLj/,ehD
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63. What does Darwin mean by "a sign of kinship" ls "Z4v(L6
A. Mark of common parentage. 5M>SrZH
B. Premonition of future union. tOj5b 7'ui
C. Symbol of compatibility. a[=B?Bd
D. Evidence of family relationship. w(M i?
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64. A good title for paragraph 3 might be *rm[\
A. "Different-Colored Birds" /HSg)
B. "Bullfinches and Their Colors" xy)W_~Mk
C. "An Example of Color Recognitiion in Birds" '7]9q#{su
D. "Captive Birds" obX2 /
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65. The main purpose of this passage is to aX bj pb+
A. compare three species of birds c)Q OgXv
B. review current studies of birds Hc0V4NHCaL
C. compare wild birds to confined birds esv<b>`R
D. discuss some traits of birds 5B
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Passage 2 gF M~M(
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At the end of what seemed a tedious while, I had managed to pack my head full of islands, towns, bars, "points," and bends; and a curiously inanimate mass of lamber it was, too. However, inasmuch as I could shut my eyes and reel off a good long string of these names without leaving out more than ten miles of river in every filly, I began to feel that I could make her skip those little gaps. But of course my complacency could hardly get start enough to lift my nose a trifle into the air, before Mr. Bixby would think of something to fetch it down again. One day he turned on me suddenly with this settler: 9\r5&#<(I
"What is the shape of Walnut Bend?" =*WfS^O
He might as well have asked me my grandmother\'\'s opinion of protoplasm( 原生质)。 I reflected respectfully, and then said I didn\'\'t know it had any particular shape. My gunpowdery chief went off with a bang, of course, and then went on loading and firing until he was out of adjectives. 8L))@SA+uJ
I had learned long ago that he only carried just so many rounds of ammunition, and was sure to subside into a very placable and even remorseful old smoothbore as soon as they were all gone. That word "old" is merely affectionate; he was not more than thirty-four. I waited. By and by he said: @^Kw\s
"My boy, you\'\'ve got to know the shape of the river perfectly. It is all there is left to steer by on a very dark night Everything else is blotted out and gone. But mind you, it hasn\'\'t the same shape in the night that it has in the daytime." [!#;QQ&M
"How on earth am I ever going to learn, then?" BQ~\ p\
"How do you follow a hall at home in the dark? Because you know the shape of it. You can\'\'t see it." `LWb L*;Y0
"Do you mean to say that I\'\'ve got to know all the million trifling variations of shape in the banks of this interminable river as well as I know the shape of the front hall at home?" \FIOFbwe
"On my honor, you\'\'ve got to know them better than any man ever did know the shapes of the has in his own house." !`dn# j
"I wish I was dead!" nlx~yUXL4
"Now I don\'\'t want to discourage you, but" -- )5U7 w
"Well pile it on me; ! might as well have it now as another time." *_uGzGB&G
"You see, this has got to be learned; there isn\'\'t any getting around it A clear starlight night throws such heavy shadows that, if you didn\'\'t know the shape of a shore perfectly, you would claw away from every bunch of timber, because you would take the black shadow of it for a solid cape; and you see you would be getting scared to death every fifteen minutes by the watck You would be fifty yards from shore al the time when you ought to be within fifty feet of it. You can\'\'t see a snag in one of those shadows, but you know exactly where it is, and the shape of the river tells you when you are coming to it. Then there\'\'s your pitch-dark night; the river is a very different shape on a pitch-dark night from what it is on a starlight night. All shores seem to be straight lines, then, and mighty dim ones, too; and you\'\'d nm them for straight lines, only you know better. You boldly drive your boat right into what seems to be a solid straight wall (you knowing very well that in reality there is a curve there), and that wall falls back and makes way for you. Then there\'\'s your gray mist. You take a night when there\'\'s one of these grisly, drizzly, gray mists, and then there isn\'\'t any particular shape to a shore. A gray mist would tangle the head of the oldest man that ever lived. Well, then different kinds of moonlight change the shape 0fthe river in different ways. #fF';Y7
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66. When Twain compares a question to asking his "grandmother\'\'s opinion of protoplasm" (line 10 ), he means that ^+dL7g?+
A. the question is inane. KlR IJOS
B. the speaker is very old. s9?H#^Y5u
C. he does not know the answer. k?Iq 6
D. his grandmother would be able to respond. u,Cf4H*xS
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67 Twain compares his chief to a gun point out the chief\'\'s L q;=UE
A. splendid posture cfW;gFf
B. peppery temper ^{+_PWn
C. love of hunting k Rp$[^ma
D. violent past 6.QzT(
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68. When Twain writes that Mr. Bixby "carried just so many rounds of ammunition," he means that k!wEPi]
A. Bixby used a pistol to settle arguments 140_ WV?7
B. Bixby loaded and fired his gun at random <#:ey^q<
C. Bixby\'\'s gun was out of bullets oei2$uu
D. Bixby\'\'s hot temper would soon subside 8Nf%<nUv
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69. Twain\'\'s reaction to Mr. Bixby\'\'s insistence on the need to know the river at night is 32,Y 3!%
A. despair C. puzzlement sxU
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B. elation D. humility QpMi+q
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70. Mr. Bixby is shown to be extremely i~EFRI@
A. knowledgeable r1 [Jo|4vo
B. rude 8A2 _4q@34
C. condescending HO9w"){d$
D. fearful nHF%PH#|o
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Passage 3 59M\uVWR
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The United States court system, as part of the federal system of government, is characterized by dual judicial systems; there are both state and federal courts. Each state has its own system of courts, composed of civil and criminal trial courts, sometimes intermediate courts of appeal, and a state Supreme Court. The federal court system consists of a series of trial courts (called district courts) serving relatively small geographic regions (there is at least one for every state), a tier of circuit courts of appeal that hear appeals from many district courts in a particular geographic region, and the Supreme Court of the United Slates. The two court systems are to some extent overlapping, in that certain kinds of disputes may be initiated in either system. They are also to some extent hierarchical (等级制度的), for the federal system stands above the state system in that litigant (person engaged in lawsuits)who lose their cases in the state supreme court may appeal their eases to the Supreme Court of the United States. mvt%3zCB!
Thus, the typical court case begins in a trial court-----a court of general jurisdiction-----in the state or federal system. Most cases go no further than the trial court; for example, the criminal defendant is convicted by a trial and sentenced by the court and the case end; the personal injury suit results in a judgment by a trial court (or an out-of-court settlement by the parties while the court suit is pending) and the parties leave the court system. But sometimes the losing party at the trial court cares enough about the cause that the matter does not end there. In these cases, the "loser" at the trial court may appeal to the next higher court. 6Y&` mgMF'
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71. What does the passage mainly discuss? {:c5/
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A. Civil and criminal trial courts. m e&'BQ
B. Typical court cases. :c`Gh< u
C. The court system in the United States. k^*S3#"
D. The appeal court process. (od9adSehV
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72. According to the passage, district courts are also known as . K+ @R [
A. circuit courts C. supreme courts p5\B0G<m
B. intermediate courts D. trial courts F!&
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73. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, "engaged in" means . |kh7F0';"
A. committed to C. involved in
