湖北省2002年博士研究生入学考试联考试题 3.Y/ZWON
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Part Ⅰ? Reading Comprehension (30%) {sbQf7)
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? Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. /P320[B}m&
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Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: Q\}5q3
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All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activities and stays quiet and unmoving—if it looks as though it is sleeping—then why not simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can observers be sure that an animal is sleeping? hC,EO&
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They can watch the animal and notice whether its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active or lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but they often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes, and fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily mean that they do not sleep. Have you ever seen a cat dozing with an eye partly open? Even humans have occasionally been observed to sleep with one or both eyes partially open. Animals do not necessarily lie down to sleep either. Elephants, for example, often sleep standing up, with their tusks resting in the fork of a tree. Finally, while “sleeping” animals often seem unaware of changes in the sounds and light and other stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are sleeping either. mI-$4st]
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Observations of animal behavior alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals sleep. The answers come from doing experiments in “sleep laboratories” using a machine called the electroencephalograph (EEC.. The machine is connected to animals and measures their brain signals, breathing, heartbeat, and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the animals appear to be sleeping than when they appear to be awake. Using the EEC, scientists have confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do sleep. There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet and unmoving. They also have discovered that some animals, like chimpanzees, cats, and moles (who live undergrounD., are good sleepers while others, like sheep, goats, and donkeys, are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from their enemies. Nearly alll the poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals: they must always be watching for enemies, even when they are resting. H_Vf_p?
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1. According to the author, all animals ________. N|wI=To
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A. spend some time resting qh{hpX)\D
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B. close their eyes when sleeping Cjdw@v0;
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C. are good sleepers !;>j(xc
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D. are poor sleepers 4@-
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2. The statement, “Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes” aims to show that ________. Xf(H_&K
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A. these animals rarely need any rest f5'Cq)Vw_
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B. they almost always keep alert to danger HJ~0_n&
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C. they often stay awake $DBJ"8n2
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D. their eyes are rarely closed even when they are asleep sF[7pE
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3. How can researchers in “sleep laboratories” tell that the animals they are observing are asleep or not? g$+ $@~
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A. They see if the animals respond to light and sound. ?>
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B. They do this by observing changes in the animals' brain signals, breathing, heartbeat, and muscle activity. <a_ytSoG1
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C. They see if the animals' eyes are closed. cc37(=oKL
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D. They can tell this by seeing if the animals lie down or not. =r=?N\7I
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4. According to the research findings mentioned in the passage, reptiles ________. mQwP-s
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A. such as turtles and snakes cannot close their eyes @~g][O#Fu
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B. cannot be studied with an EEC /N=;3yWF
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C. do not sleep in the true sense of the word 3pU/Zbb,:
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D. do not need to rest 85gdmla@9
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5. Animals that are good sleepers ________. h_*!cuH
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A. need to have a good sleep after they have exhausted themselves by getting rid of hunting animals 5-[bd I
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B. need to have a good sleep after they get tired from hunting? other animals ais@|s;
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C. are all mammals $- 4 Zi
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D. almost always have a safe resting place %Bxp
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Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage: <4Ev3z*;Z
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Analysts have had their go at humor, and I have read some of this interpretative literature, but without being greatly instructed. Humor can be dissected, as a frog can, but the thing dies in the process and the innards (内在部分) are discouraging to any but the pure scientific mind. o W<Z8s;p
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In a newsreel theatre the other day I saw a picture of a man who had developed the soap bubble to a higher point than it had ever before reached. He had become the ace soap bubble blower of America, had perfected the business of blowing bubbles, refined it, doubled it, squared it, and had even worked himself up into a convenient lather. The effect was not pretty. Some of the bubbles were too big to be beautiful, and the blower was always jumping into them or out of them, or playing some sort of unattractive trick with them. It was, if anything, a rather repulsive sight. Humor is a little like that: it won't stand much blowing up, and it won't stand much poking. It has a certain fragility, an evasiveness, which one had best respect. Essentially, it is a complete mystery. A human frame convulsed with laughter, and the laughter becoming mysterious and uncontrollable, is as far out of balance as one shaken with the hicoughs or in the throes of a sneezing fit. =]F;{x
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One of the things commonly said about humorist is that they are really very sad people-clowns with a breaking heart. There is some truth in it, but it is badly stated. It would be more accurate, I think, to say that there is a deep vein of melancholy runing through everyone's life and that the humorist, perhaps more sensible of it than some others, compensates for it actively and positively. Humorists fatten on trouble. They have always made trouble pay. They struggle along with a good will and endure pain cheerfully, knowing how well it will serve them in the sweet by and by. You find them wrestling with foreign languages, fighting folding ironing boards and swollen drainpipes, suffering the terrible discomfort of tight boot (or as Josh Billings wittily called them, “tire boots&rdquo. They pour out their sorrows profitably, in a form that is not quite a fiction not quite a fact either. Beneath the sparking surface of these dilemmas flows the strong tide of human woe. =sFLzAu8
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Practically everyone is a manic-depressive of sorts, with his up moments and his down monents, and you certainly don't have to be a humorist to taste the sadness of situation and mood. But there is often a rather fine line between laughing and crying, and if a humorous piece of writing brings a person to the point where his emotional responses are untrustworthy and seem likely to break over into the opposite realm, it is because humor, like poetry, has an extra content. It plays close to the bit hot fire, which is Truth, and sometimes the reader feels the heat. **KkPjAO?
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6. In the first paragraph the author wants to say that ________. $v \@mW*R
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A. just as scientists can dissect a frog, so analysts can dissect humor }eLnTi{
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B. detailed, scientific analysis is not appropriate for humor, for it may make humor lose its aesthetic value \""sf{S9
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C. some people's analysis of humor are too scientific Gm1[PAj
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D. analysts' attempts at humor are not instructive enough to interest the author =G<i6%(^g
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7. The author uses the example of the soap bubble blower to show that ________. =jEh#
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A. skill is required to produce humor lO+6|oF0
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B. neither too much exaggeration nor absolute explicitness is fit for humor :*<UCn""
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C. people should perfect the art of humor just as the bubble blower does to the bubbles MpCK/eiC
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D. humor should make people frantic for a while 0; PV gO;9
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8. According to the author, humorists differ from ordinary people in the sense that ________. +BaZl<ZP1s
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A. they give vent to their sorrows in a laughable way G\4*6iw:
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B. they have much trouble in their life and they are melancholy SSH 1Ge5|
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C. they are more sensible of the sadness of life and they endure and express the pain cheerfully ________. lHI;fR
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D. they are mostly clowns with a breaking heart ):5M +
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9. A humorous piece of writing can make the reader's emotional responses untrustworthy because ________.
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A. it expresses the truth of the sadness of human life with a sparkling surface HCIS4}lQ
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B. everyone has his happy moments and unhappy moments xk\n F0z
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C. there is an obvious line between laughing and crying >"?jW@|g
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D. it is like poetry, very rhythmic @en*JxIM
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10. The passage's success lies in its extensive use of ________. n=1_-
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A. parallelism ???? B. metaphors ???? C. metonymy ??? D. similes X :wfmb
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Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage: `~;`q
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The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confused, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge (facts). HpGI\s
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Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientist continues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited. The exact statue of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion. (@nEe?
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The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy. T6^H%;G
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Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes—for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science. /kH
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Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for may of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one-day result in application of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discoveries of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago, however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied. -F~"W@9r
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11. To define science we may simply call it ________. =tQ^t4_
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A. the study of unrelated subjects }[mLtv%&
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B. an attempt to explain natural phenomena MfG8=H2#|
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C. the study of unrelated fields 3;Y9<
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12. Pure science, leading to the construction of a microscope, ________. p:?h)'bA<
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A. may lead to antiscientific, “impure” results U>0~ /o
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B. necessarily precedes applied science, leading to the discovery of a cell ##5e:<c&[
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D. necessarily results from applied science and the discovery of a cell <TEDqQ
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13. A scientist interested in adding to our general knowledge about oxygen would probably call his approach ________. bR*}
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A. applied science S5/p3;O\c
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C. pure science Y$0K}`{
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D. environmental science }m93AL_y
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14. Which of the following statements does the author imply? D:0?u_[W
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A. Scientists engaged in theoretical research should not be blamed for ignoring the practical side of their discoveries. (nAg
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B. Today few people have any notions of the meaning of science. F0KNkL>&g
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C. In science, it is not difficult to distinguish fact from fiction. 48LzI@H&
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D. Practical-minded people can understand the meaning and objectives of pure science. ~F
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15. The best title for the passage is ________. `P jS
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A. The Nature of Science and Scientists \me-#: Gu
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B. Biology and the Scientific Age d(F4-kBd
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C. Hypotheses and Theories 8X)1bNGqhe
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D. On Distinguishing Fact from Fiction zTg&W7oz
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Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:
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In most American cities, the rent for a one-bedroom apartment was $ 250 or more per month in recent years. In some smaller cities such as Louisville, Kentucky or Jacksonville, Florida the rent was less, but in larger cities it was more. For example, if you lived in Los Angeles, you had to pay $ 400 or more to rent a one-bedroom apartment, and the same apartment rented for $ 625 and up in Chicago. The most expensive rents in the U. S. were in New york City, where you had to pay at least $ 700 a month to rent a one-bedroom apartment in most parts of the city. N:UA+
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Renters and city planners are worried about the high cost of renting apartments. Many cities now have rent-control laws to keep the cost of renting low. These laws help low-income families who cannot pay high rents. ew1bb K>
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Rent control in the United States began in 1943 when the government imposed rent controls on all American cities to help workers and the families of soldiers during World War Ⅱ. Aften the war, only one city—New York—continued these World War Ⅱ controls. Recently, more and more cities have returned to rent controls. At the beginning of the 1980s, nearly one fifth of the people in the United States lived in cities with rent-control laws. oD_#oX5\
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Many cities have rent-control laws, but why are rents so high? Builders and landlords blame rent controls for the high rents. Rents are high because there are not enough apartments to rent, and they blame rent controls for the shortage of apartments. Builders want more money to build more apartment buildings, and landlords want more money to repair their old apartment buildings. But they cannot increase rents to get this money because of the rent-control laws. As a result, landlords are not repairing their old apartments, and builders are not building new apartment buildings to replace the old apartment buildings. Builders are building apartments for high-income families, not low-income families, so low-income families must live in old apartments that are in disrepair. Builders and landlords claim that rentcontrol laws really hurt low-income families. cWp5pGIzfp
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Many renters disagree with them. They say that rent control is not the problem. Even without rent controls, builders and landlords will continue to ignore low-income housing because they can make more money from high-income housing. The only answer, they claim, is more rent controls and government help for low-income housing. DHh30b$c
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16. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? zqm/<]A*l
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A. The Highest Rent :2-!bLo}
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B. Rent Controls 5 0<
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C. Building Apartments for Low-income Families Q*]y=Za
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D. Rent-Control Laws T@j@IEGH
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17. The aim of the U. S. government in imposing rent controls on American cities in 1943 was to help ________. O],]\M{GL
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B. low-income families dPyZzMes=
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C. up-middle-income families 6"
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D. high-income families A IsXu"
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18. This passage implies that the high cost of renting apartments is worried by ________. !KmSLr7xU
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A. some city governments O"f|gc)GLz
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B. low-income families L=<{tzTc
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D. all of the above Z)RV6@(
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19. It can be inferred from the passage that rent controls ________. +BkmI\
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A. seems unable to control high rents V"Y-|
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B. is successful T`SpIdzB.
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C. is favoured by builders and landlords Evb %<`gd
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D. will be cancelled }pL#C
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20. From the passage we learn that many renters disagree with ________. ~t.M!vk
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A. low-income families &/tGT3)
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C. high-income families kSH|+K\M4
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D. the government ;PF!=8dW
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Part Ⅱ Vocabulary (15%) `]3A#y)v
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? Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part; for each sentence there are four choices markes A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark you answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. L>1i~c&V
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21. A full ________ of all the reasons for and against closing the railway has begun. #JIh-h@
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A. explosing ???????????? B. exploration ?????????? C. exploitation ????????? D. explanation (_'Efpg|
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22. Trade relationships between the two countries will improve if their ________leaders could agree on the proposed quotas. >)p8^jX
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A. respectable ?????????? B. prompted ???????????? C. promoted ???????????? D. proceeded j65qIw_Z
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23. Lessons writter in blood ________ the colonial people to uprising. N#"(
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A. propelled ????????????? B. prompted ???????????? C. promoted ???????????? D. proceeded U" ;8zplU
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24. Lessons written in blood ________ the colonial people to uprising. :Lze8oY(D}
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A. propelled ????????????? B. prompted ???????????? C. promoted ???????????? D. proceeded 6o!Y^^/U
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25. Although students may be in a ________ position, teachers shall treat them as equals. /a:sWmxMT
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A. subsidiary ??????????? B. submarine ??????????? C. subordinate ????????? D. subsequent 8%W(",nd
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26. We should ________ with the doctor's request. MX\v2["FoV
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A. consult ??????????????? B. conceal ??????????????? C. consent ?????????????? D. comply ;+-M+9"?O
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27. Mosquitoes are only means of ________ of malaria. DcL;7 IT
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A. transference ???????? B. transformation ????? C. transition ???????????? D. transmission 0M_~@E*&
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28. Helen was so persistent that her husband ________ at last. x'IYWo
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A. conceded ???????????? B. converged ??????????? C. conceived???????????? D. conferred &W@#pG
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29. He was easily hurt because his feelings were very ________. y.PsC '
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A. sensible ?????????????? B. sensational ?????????? C. sensitive ???????????????????? D. senseless
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30. What is it that the author wants to ________ to his readers throught the story? =Mby;wQ?|
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A. convey ??????????????? B. convince?????????????? C. convert ??????????????? D. conform ,6iX
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31. He couldn't ________ his curiosity to see what was in the box. N!#0O.6
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A. retain??????????????????? B. restrain???????????????? C. restrict ??????????????? D. represent }Jr!aM'
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32. I have omitted many thing which ________ a place in the book. &oXN*$/dlJ
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A. reserved ???????????????????? B. deserved ???????????????????? C. preserved ???????????? D. observed _d`)N
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33. He often ________ in his speech. lI*uF~ 'D
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A. rumbles ????????????? B. stumbles ???????????????????? C. tumbles ?????????????? D. jumbles bAVlL&^@|
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34. I ________ to one daily newspaper and one weekly magazine. alV{| Vf[6
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A. describe ?????????????? B. prescribe ????????????? C. subscribe ???????????? D. transcribe $[1J[eY*
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35. The captain of the ship ________ the passengers that there was no danger. ?? A. insured ??????????????? B. assured ? ????????????? C. ensured ?????????????? D. secured 8uD%
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36. Ben's wife lost the case, which ________ her enormously. Fd(o8z8Q
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A. compressed ???????? B. depressed ???????????? C. impressed ??????????? D. suppressed J7Y lmi
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37. He was trained as a doctor but ________ to diplomacy. W#sCvI@
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A. converted ??????????? B. reverted ?????????????? C. diverted ?????????????? D. averted Yj'
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38. They seized Belgrade, though only after having encountered a stubborn ________ . n{8v^x
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A. persistence ?????????? B. resistance ???????????? C. insistence ???????????? D. assistance %SKJ#b
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39. The puritan army executed the king, abolished the House of Lords, got the House of Commons to ________ England a? “commonwealth”, or republic. 1}XESAX;0
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A. proclaim ????????????? B. reclaim ??????????????? C. exclaim ??????????????? D. declaim 7:$zSj#y
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40. The laser represents a true marriage between science and technology, the men who devised it were ________ engineers and physicists. Wa!}$q+
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A. spontaneously ????? B. simultaneously ????? C. instantaneously ???? D. homogeneously ??? 41. The company's training plan was designed to help the employees to improve their work habits and ________. DNmP> ~
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A. proficiency ????????? B. sufficiency ?????????? C. insufficiency ??????? D. efficiency =Yt)b/0b9
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42. This type of chair, easily ________ or folded away, is ideal for use in the garden. t^5xq8w8
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A. put out ??????????????? B. put in ?????????????????? C. put up ???????????????? D. put forth Q=n2frW(T
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43. Certainly man must ________ the future, and find ways of providing for his use. Uxb>)36I
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A. look to ???????????????? B. look up ??????????????? C. look for ?????????????? D. look on 4KnrQ-D
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44. Once the price of the land has been ________, we can go ahead to build the house. >^TcO
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A. agreed on ???????????? B. agreed to ????????????? C. agreed at ????????????? D. agreed with 7L !$hk
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45. To get my traveler's cheques I had to ________ such a special cheque to the bank for the total amount. mr<camL5
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A. make for ????????????? B. make out ????????????? C. make up ???????????????????? D. make over ?CSv;:
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46. I thought the meeting was going to be awful, but it didn't ________ too badly. #CTeZ/g
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A. turn up ??????????????? B. turn out ?????????????? C. turn apart ???????????? D. turn down u)9YRMl
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47. The bank manager asked his assistant if it was possible for him to ________ the investment plan within a week. ^j *H
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A. work out ???????????? B. make out ????????????? C. put out ??????????????? D. set out YLehY
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48. Don't rest on your laurels; ________ your success and start looking for new markets now. m
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A. add up ???????????????? B. follow up ???????????? C. work up ???????????????????? D. count up *RJiHcII
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49. Some disputes among these countries are ________ by history. Sgq" 3(+%,
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A. left over ?????????????? B. turned over ????????? C. handed over ???????? D. taken over r O-=):2
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50. Althought the end of the term was close ________, Jim had not completed all of the projects he had hoped to finish. ^
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A. on hand ?????????????? B. by hand ?????????????? C. at hand ??????????????? D. in hand Yx':~
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51. He didn't do so well in the race ________ his training. SmCtwcB1
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A. for all ????????????????? B. above all ????????????? C. in all ??????????????????? D. after all ufvjW]
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Part Ⅲ?? Cloze (10%) 3S{3AmKj?
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? Directions: For each numbered bracket in the following passage, fill in a suitable word in the blank on the ANSWER SHEET. OCv,EZ
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Many countries will not allow cigarette advertising in their newspapers of on TV—especially since the advertisements are usually written with youg people in mind, In __51__ of advertising, the tobacco companies have begun to sponsor sports events. They give money to football, motor racing, tennis and a __52__ of other sports on condition __53__? the name of the cigarette is mentioned. This is now causing concern, because it does exactly __54__ many ads tried to do —suggest that __55__ has some relation with being strong and athletic. I/)*pzt8
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In all this, the point of view of the non-smoking has to be considered, as __56__:“I wish the smokers would stop __57__ the air. I wish I could eat in a restaurant __58__ having to smell cigarette smoke.” It has been calculated that, in a room __59__ a large number of people are smoking, a __60__? will breathe in the equivalent of two or three cigarettes during an evening. In fact, non-smokers are now a majority in many western countries. More and more people are giving __61__? the habit, discouraged by high prices, influenced by anti-smoking advertising—or just aware that smoking is no __62__? really a polite thing to do. Ws;X;7tS
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Faced __63__? lower sales, the western tobacco companies have begun to look for markets out-side their own countries, They have begun __64__? campaigns to persuade young people in developing countries __65__? smoking American or British or French cigarettes is a sophisticated western habit, __66__? they should copy. As a __67__? more and more young people are spending the little money they have __68__? a productwhich the West recognizes as __69__? and no longer wants. The high number of young smokers in india, in South America and in South-East Asia will be __70__? of tomorrow's problems. j5MUP&/g3
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Part Ⅳ English-Chinese Translation (15%) LX{mr{
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? Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese on the ANSWER SHEET. dfWtLY
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71. The main impression growing out of twelve years on the faculty of a medical shcool is that the No. 1 health problem in the U. S. today, even more than AIDS or cancer, is that Americans don't know how tit hind about health and illness. Our reactions are formed on the terror level. L7nW_
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72. We fear the worst, expect the worst, thus invite the worst and the result is that we are becoming a nation of weaklings and hypochondriacs, a self-medicating society incapable of distinguishing between casual, everyday symptoms and those that require professional attention. _@! yj
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Somewhere in our early education we become addicted to the notion that pain means sickness. We fail to learn that pain is the body's way of informing the mind that we are doing someting wrong, not necessarily that someting is wrong. We don't understand that pain may be telling us that we are eating too much or the wrong things; or that we are smoking too much or drinking too much or that there is too much emotional congestion in our lives that we are being worn down by having to cope daily with overcrowded streets and highways, the pounding nose of garbage grinders, or the cosmic distance between the entrance to the airport and the departure gate. We get the message of pain all wrong. Instead of addressing ourselves to the cause, we become pushovers for pills, driving the pain underground and inviting it to return with increased authority. [E)&dl_k
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73. Early in life, too, we become seized with the bizarre idea that we are constantly assaulted by invisible monsters called germs, and that we have to be on constant alert to protect ourselves against their fury, but equal emphasis is not given to the presiding fact that our bodies are superbly equipped to deal with the little demons and the best way of forestalling an attack is to maintain a sensible lifestyle.? .$a|&P=S
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Part Ⅴ Chinese-English Translation (15%)
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? Directions: Translate the following short paragraph into English and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.? ;^cMP1SH
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你可能在花费过多的时间竭力去赢得他人的赞许,也可能因别人的非议而费心劳神。如果别人的赞许已成为你生活中的一种需要,那么,你就不能听之任之了。首先,你应该认识到:寻求赞许与其说是生活之必需,不如说是一种欲望。我们都愿意博得掌声、听到赞扬或受到称颂,精神上受到抚慰的感觉是美妙的。谁愿意放弃这种享受呢?是的,确实也没有必要放弃。赞许本身无损于你的精神健康;事实上,受到恭维是令人十分惬意的事。寻求赞许的心理只有在成为一种需要,而不仅仅是愿望时,才成为一个误区。 rm4t
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Part Ⅵ Writing (15%) ^f9>tI{
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? Directions:“Give me a fish and I'll eat for a day; teach me how to fish and I'll eat for a lifetime.” is a famous saying often quoted. In this part, you are expected to write a composition based on the saying above and the following outlines for each paragraph. You should write no less than 200 words. Write your compositon on the ANSWER SHEET. Q}|0
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Outlines: zICAV -&
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1. interpretation of the saying; FTu<$`!1L
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2. comments on the saying; wcW7k(+0
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3. embodiment of the saying in scientific research or daily life. nPhREn!
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Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension 2 ]}e4@{
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51. terms??????? 52. lot ????????? 53. that????????? 54. what???????? 55. smoking/ tobacco _RX*Ps=
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56. follows ?? 57. polluting??? 58. without???? 59. where????????????? 60. non-smoker
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61. up ????????? 62. longer?????? 63. with???????? 64. launching???????? 65. that AmcBu"
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Part Ⅳ English-Chinese Translation k)JwCt.%
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71. 一所医学院的工作人员历时十二年形成了这样的大致印象:如今美国的头号健康问题是美国人分不清健康与疾病。这种症状比艾滋病或癌症更为严重。 O9F#gO|!
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72. 我们担心会染上重病,设想自己得了重病,因此就真的染上了重病。结果,美国造就了一大批弱者和疑难病症患者。我们自我诊断,弄不清什么是偶然的症状,什么是日常的症状,什么是需要专业护理的症状。 ]j<&
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73. 年幼时,我们胡思乱想,认为我们经常受到被称为“细菌”的隐形杀手的侵袭。因此,我们必须长期保持警惕,要在它们动怒时,保护好我们自己。但是我们忽略了一个重要的事实,那就是我们的身体有很好的抵抗力,足以对付小小的恶魔。抵御它们侵袭的良策是保持一种明智的生活方式。 x[2eA!NC
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Part Ⅴ Chinese-English Translation ,y/N^^\
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You may be spending too much time trying to gain others' praise and may be bothered by others' reproach. If others' praises have become a necessity in your life, then you mustn't let it be. First, you should be aware that seeking praises is more a desire than a must in your life. Every one of us is willing to be applauded, praised or commended. It is a good feeling to be mentally consoled. Who is willing to give up such an enjoyment? Yes, there is no need to give it up. Praise itself does no harm to your mental health. In fact, being complimented is something agreeable. Only when seeking praises becomes a need as well as a wish will it be a mistaken idea. ZAMS;e+e
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Part Ⅵ Writing S|ADu]H(
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“Give me a fish and I'll eat for a day; teach me how to fish and I'll eat for a lifetime.” is a very famous Chinese saying. It tells us that if one is given a fish, he can live on it only for a short period of time; if one is taught ways of catching fish, he will benefit, from them for a lifetime. PiwI.c
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Why is this famous saying often quoted? Obviously, it has a profound implication. The saying reveals a truth that people who live in poverty should be provided with techniques that would enable them to live a better life through their own efforts. Only when they find the means by which to keep helping themselves can they improve their poor conditions. ;923^*\:F{
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There are many impressed examples to illustrate the implication of this saying. Here is a case on point to embody it. Nowadays many rich people or organizations not only donate money to the poor, but also endow more money to build schools to offer them chances to be educated. Only when the poor are educated can they find means to become wealthy. In a word, it is an instructive saying from which we can benefit a lot.