1.改变词类(Conversion) ^m -w@0^z
英语一个词能充当的句子成分较少,充当不同成分时常常要改变词类。最常见的是将英语的名词或形容词转换成汉语的动词。 @x_0AkZU
Insulin is used in the treatment of diabetes. 胰岛素用于治疗糖尿病。 hpYW1kfQl
This issue is of paramount importance. 这个问题极其重要。 u4ZOHy_O^
Formality has always characterized their relationship. 他们之间的关系有一个特点,就是相敬如宾。 u=7#_ZC9L
As the war progressed, he would symbolize their frustrations, the embodiment of all evils. 随着战争的进行,他成了受挫的象征,成了万恶的化身。 #?'@?0<6
It leads the discussions to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. (34 words ) (1997. 73) 5.
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这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端,它使人们认为该这样对待动物:要么像对待人类自身一样关切体谅,要么完全冷漠无情。 nxe9^h7m
Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. (27 words) (1997. 72) I?_WV_T&
人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论,主要是因为史学界内意见不一,其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。 Av!xI
The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. (2003. 63) LR3>_t
强调收集第一手资料,加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角,使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。 vK$wc~
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2. 选词用字(Diction) \s7/`
Before Hugo could protest, he and the others were led away. (抗议→分辩) |
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Put a teaspoonful of tea in the pot and then you just add the boiling water to it and let it stand. (稍等片刻再喝) 3ej[
It’s a crime you didn’t finish school. (憾事) co-1r/
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There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. (2001.71) #szIYyk
届时将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车,一旦这些汽车排污超标(违规),监控器就会使其停驶。 uzIM?.H
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3.语序调整(Inversion) :KS"&h{ SY
一个句子中词和分句的顺序,英汉两种语言往往不同。如表示时间和地点,英语常常是先小后大,而汉语是先大后小。 iqKs:v@+x
His address is 3612 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19001, USA. Don’t hesitate to come when you need help. *0'< DnGW
Black and white TV, iron and steel company, 李梅亭(Mate in Lee) B_>r|^Vh
He remains one of the greatest historians, despite his apparent prejudice and his untrustworthiness in detail, because of his artistic mastery of historic theme. gyxC)br
尽管他在历史细节描写上有明显的偏见和不值得信任之处,但由于其对历史题材艺术般的运用,他仍不失为最伟大的历史学家之一。 #44}Snz
句子结构的整体调整 tTT
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That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behaviour is central to this theory. 1p=bpJC
这种理论的核心是,我们的环境同我们的才能,性格特征和行为,即使有什么关系的话,也是微不足道的。 8Yo;oHk7
Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. eOx8D|^W
这类人持极端看法,认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同,对待动物无须考虑道德问题。 uZ'(fnZ$
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4.省略(Omission) ,.0B
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You cannot build a ship, a bridge or a house if you don’t know how to make a design or how to read it. tToP7q^
不会制图或看不懂图纸,就不可能造船,架桥或盖房子。 w
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It took him a long time to reach the bottom and to couch behind a little dwarf palm. 他费了很长时间才从山上爬下来,蹲到一棵矮小的棕榈树后面。 \["I.gQ
Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. (1994. 74) 4'Ya-xx
伽利略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空,以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转,而不是围绕地球。 D[)_
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5.增词(Amplification) UhJ!7Ws$
英语中没有量词,助词,翻译时应根据上下文的需要予以增加。有些英语的不及物动词必须增加宾语意思才完整。 No Smoking! E6M*o+Y
I could knit when I was seven. 9 9^7Ek!z#
Without a sense of your fault, how can repentance and amendment be expected? 如果对自己的错误都不认识,怎么能悔恨和改正呢? 204"\mv
—Walking past the Garden of Eden, Adam’s son asked his father, “Who owns that large estate?” =Aw`0
—“That’s where your mother and I used to live,” replied Adam, “before she ate us out of house and home.” kSEgq<i!
It should, however, be borne in mind that this process itself might involve a chain of difficulties, in this case of a political nature. ')/w+|F
但是应该记住,这个过程本身也许会带来一系列的困难,在此情况下,这些困难是政治性的。(短语→句子) VF g(:
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6.重复(Repetition) A4Q{(z-?
Practically every river has an upper, a middle and a lower part. 上游,中游,下游 If an atom contains three protons, it must have three electrons to be electrically neutral. 如果一个原子含有三个质子,这个原子必然有三个电子,使之不带电荷。 KtArV
And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can by no means be compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training. (35 words) (1993. 74) MhJA8|B6|
许多人认为:普通人的思维活动根本无法和科学家的思维过程相比较,他们并且认为这些科学家的思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。 dI>cPqQ
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7.反译法(Negation) GMB3`&qh
The Organization has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people set on it. 到目前为止,这个组织辜负了人们对它寄予的希望。 gtT&97tT<
Suddenly he heard a sound behind him, and realized he was not alone in the garage. 他突然听到背后有声响,便立刻意识到车库里还有别人。 ddd2w
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8.分译法(Division) /1$u|Gs
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英语长句多,为了符合汉语表达习惯,可将英语长句拆成短句。 It was a real challenge that those who had learned from us now excelled us. cI
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过去向我们学习的人,现在反而超过了我们。这对我们确实是一个鞭策。 It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security. 这个局势对国际安全是个威胁,这样的说法是完全正确的。 f1sp6S0V\
Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. reM~q-M~o@
1998年世界杯被捧走以后很久,失望的球迷们还在咒骂那些有争议的裁定,因为这些裁定使他们所支持的球队无法获胜。 0d1!Q!PH3
Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, asthat which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena. (1993. 75)
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在座的诸位中,大概不会有人一整天都没有机会进行一连串复杂的思考活动,这些思考活动与科学家在探索自然现象原因时所经历的思考活动,尽管复杂程度不同,但在类型上是完全一样的。 H!Dj.]T
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9.常见短语和重要句型的翻译 ivB,s5<
1)It goes without saying that...不言而喻的是…… gZBKe!@a|
2)It is common knowledge that...众所周知的是…… ?GqH/
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3)It occurs to me that...我突然想起 g^7zDU&'
4)It is not that...but that...并不是说……而是说 U#Iwe=
It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former. (1993. 72) )1gT&sU