Part II Reading Comprehension (30 points, 45 minutes) ILqBa:J
Directions: In this part there are several passages. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked (A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. +}PN+:yV
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Passage 1 _,/~P)
Every year scientists open more doors that lead to the secrets of XK})?LTD
new beneficent drugs. X-#&]^d
There is bacitracin, which was discovered by two scientists at l qKj;'
Columbia University''s College of Physicians and Surgeons. These two " m13HS
people, Dr. Frank Meleney and Miss Balbina Johnson, knowing that the 'C]Yh
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human body had some kind of action in itself with which it fights 52zE -SY
infections, began to search for the chemical that does this. In the .ws86stFSb
hospital they examined badly infected wounds of people who had been kw
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hurt in accidents and made tests of the blood and the infected tissue.
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Finally, in the wound of a girl who had broken a leg bone, they zo8D"
found the useful germs which seemed to be fighting the poisonous Ka_;~LS>(
infection. They took some of these into the laboratory and from them *UJ4\
developed cultures; that is, larger masses of the germs with which to }}i'8
experiment. At last, after long and painstaking work, they were able m(*rMO>_
to draw from these germs a substance which is a germ destroyer. Dr. b $JS|
Meleney and Miss Johnson named it bacitracin-baci because the germ is, Gx6%Z$2n
in scientific language, a bacillus and tracin for Margaret Tracy, o+7)cI
whose broken leg supplied the germ. Jv+w{"&
Bacitracin at first was used only locally; later the drug was ][
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developed into a solution that can be used to fight germ through the sRA2O/yKCE
blood stream. t ^[fu,
16.Today, the discovery of a new drug occurs . W\NC3]
A)very seldom. B)once in a generation. bd~m'cob>
C)once every ten years. D)frequently. 6(rN(C
17. The scientific term for the action with which the human body `Z8k#z'bN
fights infection . <r.QS[:h
A)drug. B)biotic. /Pkz3
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C)not mentioned. D)both A and B. ?5J#
18. Searching for the fighting chemical, the scientists examined . ]B?M3`'>
A)fresh wounds. B)infected wounds. V`1{*PrI@L
C)only infected leg bones. D)only a few wounds. 6]Is"3ca
19. Cultures, as used in this article, are . .Zv~a&GE
A)masses of germs. Z|%h-~
B)blood tests. YLGE{bS
C)masses of infected tissue. ,1#? 0q
D)poisonous germs. o_BTo5]
20. Bacitracin . ]i$y;]f
A)is poisonous. B)destroys germs. YE~IO5
C)restores broken bones. D)develops germs. N=KtW?C
21. To say that a drug was used locally is to say that it was . 6]Hwr_/tk
A)distributed through the whole system. CqlxE/|
B)used only in the area of infection. 9hfg/3t('
C)used only at Columbia dAx
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D)used only in hospitals. jts0ZFHc-
22. From reading this selection you can infer that jRU
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A)many scientific discoveries are due to chance. = IRot
B)every year scientists discover new beneficent drugs. AX8~w(sv
C)behind medical discovery there may be a dramatic story. ,<t.Iz%
D)culture are large masses of germs. KtL?,zi
Passage 2 5 ix*wu`,
Our echo sounder located the wreck of a French submarine that had S
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foundered during the war in seventy-five feet of water outside Dakar ,bl }@0A
harbor. Dumas and I plunged down and found the vessel lying clean and kk-<+R2
upright, surrounded by such clouds of fish as we had rarely seen-small dDpAS#'s\
silver fingerlings and dark metals. As Dumas swam into the shadow of .Rk8qR
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the port propeller, he came face to face with a gigantic fish, grouper >nghFm
variety, cousin to our familiar Mediterranean meroblast-fish. This uI7n{4W*x
specimen was ten times the size of our old acquaintances: he weighed $:F+Nf
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at least four hundred pounds. The wide, flat head and tiny eyes _M%S
advanced on Dumas; the ugly mouth yawned open, wide enough to admit "kyCY9)%
him. Dumas knew that sedentary groupers have no teeth to speak of; it #XDgvX >
seemed, however, that this individual might wish to swallow him &<BBPn@\
unmasticated in the fashion of the mero type which swims agape(大张着嘴), (w hl1
taking in whole octopuses(章鱼). <#C,66k
The cavernous mouth approached within two feet; Dumas sculled 5
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backward, watchfully keeping a modest interval as the monster 4|`>}Nu
unhurriedly followed. The knowledge that the species was harmless gave ?7aZU
Dumas little comfort as he gazed into the fish''s mouth; he and the sE% $]Jp
grouper exchanged mutual stares of revulsion for a seemingly o%t4WQ|bj
interminable period while Dumas was steadily pressed back. Then the Qu61$!
beast lost interest, turned aside, and returned to its dim home under q*3OWr
the lost submarine. Dumas surfaced in a reflective mood: "Imagine ApCU|*r)
being swallowed by a lousy grouper." kc
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23. Dumas encountered the jewfish while . 6eV#x%z@v'
A)trying to locate an old wreck. .H
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B)skin fishing in Dakar harbor. QhZg{v[d
C)swimming near a foundered submarine. k8w\d+!v
D)attempting to salvage a submarine. F^u12R)
24. The gigantic fish was actually . xs{pGQ6Q
A)an extraordinarily large pomfret. n
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C)a kind of grouper fish. j,k3]bP
B)a mero. 8
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D)both B and C.