考博英语阅读很大的难点在于生词无法知其意,这对解题时造成很大的障碍,freekaobo整理了考博英语阅读:根据五种构词法猜测词义的方法,希望对考博生们有所帮助。 G8p6p6*
英语构词法主要有以下五种: q vGkTE
派生法 Derivation O9 [Dae{i
转化法 Conversion h}jE=T5Hc
合成法 Compounding r5\|%5=J
拼缀法 Blending ?r-W
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首字母缩略法 Acronymizing /jv4#9
1. 派生法 Derivation 6{PlclI !
派生法: 由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新词。 q*4=sf,>
例如: uncontroversial, oversimplification, disqualify, reclaim, irrelevant \B~}s }
前缀: dis- , in- , im- , il- , ir- , re- , un- , non-, over-, etc. u IGeSd5B
后缀: -able , -al , -an , -ful , -ive , -er , -ese , -ist , -ment , -ness , -tion , -fy , -ian , -ing , is(z)e , -ly , -teen , -ty , -th , -y , etc. r5g:#mF"
由前缀e- , cyber- , hyper-等构成的网络新词汇也层出不穷。如: Ves
x$!F#
E-currency电子货币 KI{B<S3*Z
E-paper 电子报 +&h<:/ V
cyberculture 网络文化 o79EDPX
hyperterminal 超级终端的 -9z!fCu3
2. 转化法 Conversion S
7 *LV;
转化法:由某一词性转化成另一词性,其意义也会发生一定的变化。 '9d]
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例如: j>-O'CO
Democratic delegates restored to their party platform Wednesday the position that Jerusalem is the capital of Israel, reversing a controversial omission that had angered some Jewish organizations and drew criticism from Republicans that President Obama was distancing the United States from its closest ally in the Middle East. "nEfk{ g
例文中的 “distance”用作动词,意为 “疏远,与……保持距离”。 Ryrvu 1 k
3. 合成法 Compounding YZ0Jei8+-
合成法:由两个或两个以上的单词组成一个新的单词。例如: (W4H?u@X0
blackboard, man-made, overthrow, spacecraft, output, time-out, borderline, underwrite, stock-market, debt-reduction , grassroots, get-tough-on-the-press strategy(对媒体采取强硬策略), get-rich-quick business model(快钱商业模式), government shutdown (政府停摆) Q
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如今,英语中出现了web, net和virtual 构成的大量网络复合词。如: (TJ )Y7E
webTV 网络电视, netfiles 网络文件,virtualbox,etc. Y(3X5v?[
4. 拼綴法 Blending =9AX\2w*H;
拼缀法:由两个词剪裁复合而成,既可使文字活泼,又可节省用词,在新闻英语里十分常见。 2/m4|
例如: (B:+md\Q
robodocs = robot + doctor 机器医生(指远程用电脑行医) sw^4h`^'
holidazed = holiday + dazed 节日忙得头脑发昏 7I`8r2H
autocide = automobile + suicide 撞车自杀 84}Pu%
chunnel = channel+ tunnel 水底隧道 \&Zp/;n
smog = smoke+ fog 雾霾 +1o4l i
medicaid = medical+ aid 医疗救助 `8sC>)lrwu
workfare = work+ welfare 劳动福利 /pS Y ~*
netizen = net+citizen 网民 g ONybz6]
psywar = psychological + warfare 心理战 \7U'p:h=U
telex = teleprinter + exchanger 电传 U8gf_R'
stagflation = stagnation + inflation 经济滞涨 M\rZr3
5. 首字母缩略法 Acronymizing ]5Mq^@mD'
ISBN: International Standard Book Number 国际标准图书编号 Zt LZW/`
VIP: very important person 贵宾,大人物 {\
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A&E: accident and emergency 急诊科 o/~Rf1
ATM: automated teller machine 自动提款机 d,d ohi
BBC: British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司 8%EauwAx
CEO: chief executive officer 总裁, 首席执行官 xg8$ <Ut
GDP: gross domestic product 国内生产总值 cWS 0B $$
GNP: gross national product 国民生产总值 zz_(*0,Qcr
GP: general practitioner 全科医生 %;MM+xVVX
GRE: Graduate Record Examination 研究生入学资格考试 SWWeN#Q
GPA: grade point average 各科成绩的平均积点分 <A
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HKSAR: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 香港特别行政区 fDD^?/^
ICU: intensive care unit 重症监护室 3s
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WHO: World Health Organization 世界卫生组织 k|D =Q