比较结构 I6lWB(H!u
比较结构是考博英语的重点,也是考博英语翻译的难点。此处将比较结构常考短语分类总结,便于考生记忆和掌握。 @0&KM|+
(1)平级比较 Qf.]Mw?Bm
常见短语:as…as, not so much as. p|RFpn2ygF
例句1:There are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians. rGUu K0L&
句子结构:as…as的结构可以译为"A和B一样…"。本句按字面意思翻译为"对历史的定义和历史学家的数量一样多",但是考博英语翻译时需要对汉语加以调整。 |@Sj:^cJD
参考译文:几乎每个历史学家对历史都有自己的定义。 ZMGthI}~-
例句2:Never before has television served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. G-Dc(QhU&
句子结构:never表否定含义,本句话包含了not so much as的比较结构。这个结构有两种形式,一种是A not so much… as B,这是两个对象的比较,意思是"A不像B那么…";另一种结构是not so much A as B,这是同一个对象的两个方面的比较,表示否定A肯定B,意思是"不是A是B;与其说A不如说B"。本句是第一种结构,比较的是before和the recent events。 l,@rB+u
参考译文:在此之前,就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言,电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中起过如此大的作用。 V8}jFib
例句3:Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. \?~cJMN
句子结构:本句中的比较结构是not so much A as B,译为"与其说A不如说B"比较的是though和because of两个介词短语。 AEE&{_[S
参考译文:科学向前发展,与其说是由于天才伟人的真知灼见,不如说是因为如改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。 hzV= 7
(2)than的比较结构 k r ga!,I
常见短语:形容词比较级+than,more than,less than,no more than,no less than, not any more than,not any less than等。 J e.%-7f
*****more than,less than结构 [/GCy0jk
more A than B的比较结构,是肯定A否定B;less A than B和not so much A as B表示同一个含义,否定A肯定B,译为"不是A是B;与其说A不如B"。 tr@)zM
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*****not any more than,no more than,not any less than,no less than结构 TaNcnAY>9
这四个比较结构中not和no的否定含义不同,not否定的是具体、部分,而no否定的是抽象、全部。 9*;OHoD h
no more...than... (=not any more...than...)结构中no否定的是全部,指两个比较对象"都不…";同理,no less...than... (=not less ...than...)的比较结构指两个比较对象"都…"。 b/6!>qMMk%
例句1:Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. |?<^4U8
句子结构:本句包含比较结构(far) less than,far是副词修饰比较级。比较的对象是on the experiments和on the preparedness of the minds of the men。该比较结构表示否定前者,肯定后者,译为"与其说…不如说…"。 4H_QQ6
参考译文:科学与其说取决于试验本身,不如说取决于有准备的头脑。 u )kQ*&
例句2:But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. fp?cb2'7
句子结构:本句包含比较结构not any more than,相当于no more than,表示两者都否定,译为"都不"。比较的对象是to think about the moral code和to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business。 mJ JF
参考译文:他的主要任务不是去思考道德准则,正如人们不应该期待商人去致力于探索商业行为规范一样。 \kEC|O)8