SCI 不会写?其实英语基础好一点，文献多看一点，多写写自然就能自己写出来了。当然，你肯定会说英语真的好难，好吧，就知道你们懒得学英语了。给你们整理了一套万能模板，涵盖了论文不同部分的常用句型。 0Ou`& u
请搬好板凳前排就坐，收好资料。 eI/9uR%
摘要：描述观点的重要性 *am.N H \
1. One of the most significant current discussions in legal and moral philosophy is ...... : ) SLi
2. It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the ..... TG~:Cmc
3. X is the leading cause of death in western industrialised countries. CfNHv-j
DL
4. X is a common disorder characterised by ...... _k
o16wfg
5. Xs are one of the most widely used groups of antibacterial agents and ...... }E+#*R3auB
6. Xs are the most potent anti-infammatory agents known. 9# IKb:9k
7. X is an important component in the climate system, and plays a key role in Y. y+hC !-
8. In the new global economy, X has become a central issue for ...... D BI[OG9
9. In the history of development economics, X has been thought of as a key factor in ....... y2bL!Y<s9
10. The issue of X has received considerable critical attention. a$y=+4L
11. X is a major public health problem, and the cause of about 4% of the global burden of disease. &.,ZU\`zT
12. X is an increasingly important area in applied linguistics. 13. Central to the entire discipline of X is the concept of ....... 14. X is at the heart of our understanding of ...... |W];8
摘要：强调该研究领域的一个重要问题 4W
&HUQ?^
1. However, these rapid changes are having a serious effect ...... @kw#\%Uz
2. However, a major problem with this kind of application is ...... \BOZhXfl'
3. Lack of X has existed as a health problem for many years. wuSp+?{5k
4. Despite its safety and efficacy, X suffers from several major drawbacks: RcIGIt
5. However, research has consistently shown that first year students have notattained an adequate understanding of ......There is increasing concern that some Xs are being disadvantaged ...... %"Q{|}
6. Despite its long clinical success, X has a number of problems in use. fgVeB;k|
7. Questions have been raised about the safety of prolonged use of ...... H|T!}M>
描述方法：描述不同的方法 rnz9TmN:*1
1. To date various methods have been developed and introduced to measure X: .{%~4$yu7
2. In most recent studies, X is measured in four different ways. #05#@v8.f
3. Radiographic techniques are the main non-invasive method used to determine .... 2iYf)M C
4. Different authors have measured X in a variety of ways. ~( 54-9&
5. Previous studies have based their criteria for selection on ...... @AYO )Y8
6. A variety of methods are used to assess X. Each has its advantages and drawbacks. +`O8cHx
7. Data were gathered from multiple sources at various time points during the 2007–2008 academic year. u4*7 n-(
解释为何采用一个特殊的方法 m_{OCHS+
1. The semi-structured approach was chosen because ...... d5mhk[p7\J
2. Smith et al (1994) identify several advantages of the case study, ....... lX$6U| !
3. It was decided that the best method to adopt for this investigation was to ...... *T\ - iICw
4. A case study approach was chosen to allow a ...... 9N5ptdP.d
5. The design of the questionnaires was based on ...... ihivJ Z
6. The X method is one of the more practical ways of ...... 1~ /?W^ir
7. It was considered that quantitative measures would usefully supplement and extend the qualitative analysis. lIPy)25~
8. Many of the distributions were not normal so non-parametric signed rank tests were run. `vs=
CYs
9. The X approach has a number of attractive features: ...... Z
|w M
讨论：背景信息 (GB2("p`
1. A strong relationship between X and Y has been reported in the literature. v
).V&":
2. Prior studies that have noted the importance of ...... /Qi;'h]
3. In reviewing the literature, no data was found on the association between X and Y. 9i4!^DM_
4. As mentioned in the literature review, ...... ?0k(w iF
5. Very little was found in the literature on the question of ..... 8;2UP`8s ?
6. This study set out with the aim of assessing the importance of X in ...... %%J)@k^vH
7. The third question in this research was ...... pGEYke NU
8. It was hypothesized that participants with a history of ...... ` Q C
9. The present study was designed to determine the effect of ...... q2v:l
SFY
讨论：陈述结果 {*WJ"9ujp]
1. The results of this study show/indicate that .......
M , qX
2. This experiment did not detect any evidence for ...... Bc%A aZ0x
3. On the question of X, this study found that ...... za{z2# aJ
4. The current study found that ...... 34S|[PX d
5. The most interesting finding was that ...... A$*#n8 ,
6. Another important finding was that ..... jS a9UD
7. The results of this study did not show that ....../did not show any 0]. x8{~o
8. significant increase in ...... 1n}q6oa=
9. In the current study, comparing X with Y showed that the mean degree of ...... =2&/Cn4
10. In this study, Xs were found to cause ..... n#@/ A
11.X provided the largest set of significant clusters of ...... -"J6 |Y#8
12. It is interesting to note that in all seven cases of this study...... 3I!xa*u
结论：概括内容 &' ,A2iG
1. This paper has given an account of and the reasons for the widespread use of X ...... (eX9O4
2. This essay has argued that X is the best instrument to ...... 1,cd[^`.
3. This assignment has explained the central importance of X in Y. ,Qvclu8r
4. This dissertation has investigated ...... }6/L5j:+
结论：重申研究目的 jG($:>3a@
1. This study set out to determine ...... (!F Uu
2. The present study was designed to determine the effect of ....... ] 3.Un,F
3. In this investigation, the aim was to assess ...... v(ABZNIn
4. The purpose of the current study was to determine ...... I5RV:e5b
5. This project was undertaken to design ...... and evaluate ..... R Wa4O#
6. Returning to the hypothesis/question posed at the beginning of this study, it is now possible to state that ..... cd8ZZ 8L
参考文献：相关文献概览 +<p?i]3CHe
1. A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies ...... U?/UW;k[
2. There is a large volume of published studies describing the role of ...... Z4S0{:XY
3. The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with ...... /4 zO
4. The generalisability of much published research on this issue is problematic. .54E*V1
5. What we know about X is largely based upon empirical studies that investigate how ...... U)oH@/q
6. During the past 30 years much more information has become available on ...... x+~IXi>Ig
7. In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of literature on ....... F\m
8. A large and growing body of literature has investigated ...... XD\R D
参考文献：以往研究或学术活动相关文献 V>#iR>w_4,
1. Many historians have argued that ...... (eg. Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1990; Smith, 1994) Dd+ f,$
2. Numerous studies have attempted to explain ..... (for example, Smith , 1996; Kelly, 1998; Johnson, 2002) + -e8MvP
3. Recent evidence suggests that ....... (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999; Johnson, 2001) 8J|pj4ce
4. Recently, in vitro studies have shown that T.thermophylus EFTu can ...... (Patel et al., 1997;Jones et al., 1998). F|._'i+B!
5. Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) have shown that ......
p
/V
6. Several attempts have been made to ....... (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999; Johnson, 2001) 7 mulNq
7. Several studies have revealed that it is not just X that acts on ...... (Smith, 1996; Jones ....... wn*
z*
8. Several biographies of Harris have been published. Smith presents an ........ account, whilst Jones ..... W":is"
9. Several studies investigating X have been carried out on ...... i4T U}. h8
10. Data from several sources have identified the increased morbidity and mortality associated with obesity A`4Di8'Me
11. Previous studies have reported ...... (Smith, 1985; Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1992). 3[Pa~]yS
12. Previous research findings into X have been inconsistent and contradictory (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999, ...... K
GlO;Q~7
13. A number of studies have found that ...... (Smith , 2003; Jones, 2004). %N
)o*
H&
14. Twenty cohort study analyses have examined the relationship between ....... j =v 1:E
15. At least 152 case-control studies worldwide have examined the relationship between...... Uo{h
.
.7?
16. Other studies have considered the relationship ...... H) g:<
17. The relationship between X and Y has been widely investigated (Smith, 1985; Jones, 1987, ....... DQg:W |A
18. The causes of X have been widely investigated (Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1990; Smith, 1994). fShf4G_w\
19. The geology of X has been addressed in several smallscale investigations and ....... S=O/W(ZB
20. Xs have been identified as major contributing factors for the decline of many species (1). %UJ! (_
21. X has also been shown to reverse the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids in murine- induced arthritis (11). `Rj<qz^7
22. It has been suggested that levels of X are independent of the size of the Y (Smith et al., 1995) It has conclusively been shown that X and Y increase Z (Smith et al., 1999; Jones, 2001 ...... Kb0O
auW
23. It has been demonstrated that a high intake of X results in damage to ...... (Smith, 1998; ...... b5YjhRimS
文章重点：当前理论存在的问题、局限性 qE6:`f
1. One question that needs to be asked, however, is whether ...... u(JC
4w'
2. A serious weakness with this argument, however, is that ...... hC O*gtA)M
3. One of the limitations with this explanation is that it does not explain why...4. One criticism of much of the literature on X is that ...... 'l\V{0;mp
5. The key problem with this explanation is that ...... |u)?h] >
6. The existing accounts fail to resolve the contradiction between X and Y. EWN$ILdD
7. However, there is an inconsistency with this argument. R!xs; |]
8. Smith's argument relies too heavily on qualitative analysis of ...... p}.P^ `~j
9. It seems that Jones' understanding of the X framework is questionable. Smith's interpretation overlooks much of the historical research ...... M;W{A)0i1
10. One major criticism of Smith's work is that ..... !B?/6XRUx
11. Many writers have challenged Jones' claim on the grounds that ....... ,[ +
12. X's analysis does not take account of ..... nor does he examine ...... (c(c MC'
文章重点：研究方法存在的问题、局限性 9>psQ0IRvr
1. Another problem with this approach is that it fails to take X into account. 3y> .1
2. Perhaps the most serious disadvantage of this method is that ..... KtHh--j`
3. Difficulties arise, however, when an attempt is made to implement the policy. q
/|<>s
4. Nevertheless, the strategy has not escaped criticism from governments, agencies and academics. ,oDZ:";
5. One major drawback of this approach is that ...... W<;i~
W
6. The main limitation of biosynthetic incorporation, however, is ...... IDzP
<u8v
7. However, this method of analysis has a number of limitations. GZQ)Tz R
8. However, approaches of this kind carry with them various well known limitations. c[< lr
9. All the studies reviewed so far, however, suffer from the fact that ....... ~/[cZY @
10. However, there are limits to how far the idea of/concept of X can be taken. H7"I+qE-G
11. However, such explanations tend to overlook the fact that...... :R HNV
12. However, one of the problems with the instrument the researchers used to measure X was ...... r0QjCFSF=
描述实验方法：强调一个特殊的方法 ? $p GG
1. Article references were searched further for additional relevant publications. Articles were searched from January 1965 until April 2008. +d\ "n
2. Publications were only included if ....... \W ouTn
3. X was prepared according to the procedure used by Patel et al. (1957). 6 \O4R
4. The synthesis of X was done according to the procedure of Smith (1973). | IH-a"
5. X was synthesised using the same method that was detailed for Y, using ...... mMrvr9%
6. This compound was prepared by adapting the procedure used by Zhao et al. (1990). -+|0LXo
7. For this study the X was used to explore the subsurface ...... 6
,_CL M
8. An alternative method for making scales homogenous is by using ..... x:;8U i"&B
描述实验方法：描述样品的特性 S~YrXQ{_>-
1. The initial sample consisted of 200 students of whom 13 did not complete all of the interviews ..<(HH2
2. All studies described as using some sort of X procedure were included in the analysis. ' n4zFj+S
3. A systematic literature review was conducted of studies that ..... MnKEZ: 2
4. All of the participants were aged between 18 and 19 at the beginning of the study..... K]@6&H-b|
5. Two groups of subjects were interviewed, namely X and Y. The first group were ...... lqqY5l6j
6. A random sample of patients with ...... was recruited from ....... $+JaEF`8
7. Forty-seven students studying X were recruited for this study. &[S)zR=?
8. The students were divided into two groups based on their performance on ...... #k)G1Y[c
9. The project used a convenience sample of 32 first year modern languages students. jc;&g)Rv
10. Just over half the sample (53%) was female, of whom 69% were ...... <6p{eGAQV
11. Participants were recruited from 15 clinics across ......, covering urban and rural areas ...... g IX"W;
12. Eligibility criteria required individuals to have received .... E'[pNU*"x-
13. Five individuals were excluded form the study on the basis of .... uHz
D
14. Eligible women who matched the selection criteria were identified by ...... , X$S4>
15. Semi structured interviews were conducted with 17 male offenders with a mean age of 38 years ixiRFBUcF~
16. A comparison group of 12 male subjects without any history of X was drawn from a pool of ....... 3h 0w8(k;
描述实验过程：目的不明确 Vl^jTX5N
1. In order to identify the T10 and T11 spinous processes, the subjects were asked to ...... ?/#HTg)!B
2. In order to understand how X regulates Y, a series of transfections was performed. XFK$p^qu
3. To enable the subjects to see the computer screen clearly, the laptop was configured with ...... IA8kq =W
4. To see if the two methods gave the same measurement, the data was plotted and ...... 2U~oWg2P
5. To control for bias, measurements were carried out by another person. s)/i_Oe$\
6. To measure X, a question asking ...... was used. v%zI~g.L
7. To determine whether ......, KG-1 cells were incubated for ...... ?A62VV51CN
8. To establish whether ......, '| Q=J)
9. To increase the reliability of measures, each X was tested twice with a 4-min break between ....... Zpu>T2Tp
10. To compare the scores three weeks after initial screening, a global ANOVA F-test was used The vials were capped with ..... to prevent volatisation. 3
: mF!
11. In an attempt to make each interviewee feel as comfortable as possible, the interviewer ...... Y
3KCIL9
描述实验过程：其他描绘实验过程的句型 Q.\+
XR_|
1. For the purpose of height measurement, subjects were asked to stand ..... N SHlo*)}
2. For the purpose of analysis, 2 segments were extracted from each ...... P7u5Ykc*
3. For the estimation of protein concentration, 100 μL of protein sample was mixed with ...... 3% <ia$
文献简介 qY14LdC} ~
1. Recently investigators have examined the effects of X on Y. w`#lLl
B
2. In the past two decades a number of researchers have sought to determine ...... vj{h*~
3. Previous studies have reported ...... p[Q
4. A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies ...... mGL%<4R,
5. Smith (1984: 217) shows how, in the past, research into X was mainly concerned with ....... aK1|b=gVj
6. Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) showed that ...... 7z%zXDe~T[
7. The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with ...... AFMAgf{bD
8. Recent evidence suggests that ....... _HGDq j L
9. Several attemps have been made to ...... I9>1WT<Yy
10. A number of researchers have reported ...... ~=
0zZTG
11. Xs were reported in the first models of Y (e.g., Smith, 1977; Smith, & Patel, 1977). cHJ
&a`;
12. What we know about X is largely based upon empirical studies that investigate how ...... Studies of X show the importance of ..... M6 0(yTm
强调研究领域存在的问题 y'4=
1. However, these rapid changes are having a serious effect ...... jr!x)yd
2. However, a major problem with this kind of application is ...... evszfCH'J
3. Lack of X has existed as a health problem for many years.Despite its safety and efficacy, X suffers from several major drawbacks: M}%0=VCY7
4. However, research has consistently shown that first year students have not attained an adequate understanding of ...... 1YM04*H
5. There is increasing concern that some Xs are being disadvantaged ...... c>DA R
6. Despite its long clinical success, X has a number of problems in use. u.!Pda
7. Questions have been raised about the safety of prolonged use of ...... WfO6Fvx%
强调研究领域存在的争议 xQJdt $]U@
1. To date there has been little agreement on what ...... z
^a,7}4
2. More recently, literature has emerged that offers contradictory findings about ..... z),l&7
3. One observer has already drawn attention to the paradox in ...... :_H$*Q=1
4. In many Xs a debate is taking place between Ys and Zs concerning ...... #Va@4<4r
5. The controversy about scientific evidence for X has raged unabated for over a century. q"]-CGAa
6. Debate continues about the best strategies for the management of ...... OkFq>;{a
7. This concept has recently been challenged by ....... studies demonstrating ....... Q) FL|
强调研究领域的知识差距 ?,s{M^sj^
1. So far, however, there has been little discussion about ...... uM qo)J@s
2. Little is known about X and it is not clear what factors ....... 2@ ^8{
3. However, far too little attention has been paid to ...... lWOB!l
4. In addition, no research has been found that surveyed ....... RHB>svT^K>
5. So far this method has only been applied to ...... WJ J!No P
6. This indicates a need to understand the various perceptions of poverty that exist among ...... J nv91*>h8
7.However, the evidence for this relationship is inconclusive ...... <y`yKXzBUV
8.What is not yet clear is the impact of X on ...... q:nYUW o
9.The neurobiological basis of this X is poorly understood. ;%U`lE 0
10. However, much uncertainty still exists about the relation between ...... 9`c :sop
11. Until recently, there has been no reliable evidence that ...... ]HC t%5
12. However, there have been no controlled studies which compare differences in ...... >xH3*0 Lp
13. Several studies have produced estimates of X (Smith, 2002; Jones, 2003), but there is still insufficient data for ..... 0>.'w\,87B
14. No previous study has investigated X {OQ sGyR?
15. Although extensive research has been carried out on ...., no single study exists which .... .. #UGbSOoCtn
强调前人研究的不足之处 8SKDL[rN
1. Most studies in the field of X have only focussed on ...... zHx
?-Q&3
2. Most studies in X have only been carried out in a small number of areas. xp,H5
m%
3. The generalisability of much published research on this issue is problematic. e=_*\`/CN
4. The experimental data are rather controversial, and there is no general agreement about ...... s'5
j vlG
5. Such expositions are unsatisfactory because they ..... My5X%)T>P
6. However, few writers have been able to draw on any structured research into the opinions and attitudes of ...... g\6(ezUF*
7. The research to date has tended to focus on X rather than Y. {O!fV<Vx 9
8. The existing accounts fail to resolve the contradiction between X and Y. L(X:=)
!K0
9. Researchers have not treated X in much detail. n}._Nb
5
10. Previous studies of X have not dealt with ...... cLB"<mG
11. Half of the studies evaluated failed to specify whether ...... XvdK;
12. However, much of the research up to now has been descriptive in nature .... sb8SG_ c.
13. Although extensive research has been carried out on X, no single study exists which adequately covers ...... H)(Jjk-O
14. However, these results were based upon data from over 30 years ago and it is unclear if these differences still persist.
G%4vZPA
15. X's analysis does not take account of ..... nor does he examine ...... ,rTR
|>Z
重申研究目的 | pJ.73
1. Part of the aim of this project is to develop software that is compatible with X operating system. ]aaHb
2. The main purpose of this study is to develop an understanding of ...... >Axe 7<l
3. There are two primary aims of this study: 1. To investigate ...... 2. To ascertain ...... c.d*DM}W
4. The aim of this research project has therefore been to try and establish what ...... = P2T&Gb
5. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences between ...... tp0^%!*9
6. The main aim of this investigation is to assess the doses and risks associated with ...... EI/_= .d
7. This thesis intends to determine the extent to which ...... and whether ..... xx41Qw>\W
8. This thesis will examine the way in which the ....... N (F9vZOs
9. This research examines the emerging role of X in the context of ...... GL
(YC-{
10. This dissertation seeks to explain the development of ....... R=PjLH&)
11. This case study seeks to examine the changing nature of ..... }.e*=/"MB
12. Drawing upon two stands of research into X, this study attempts to ...... 3pl.<;9r
13. The aim of ths study is to shine new light on these debates through an examination of ...... Z;Tjjws
14. The major objective of this study was to investigate ...... Z/a]oR@
15. One purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which these factors were ...... >5
XE*9
16. The objectives of this research are to determine ...... q}+9$v
17. This study therefore set out to assess the effect of management by ......, and the effect of ...... [j:%O|h
18. This study systematically reviews the data for......, aiming to provide clarity surrounding the role of ..... A "w
1GBx
研究问题/假设 $L ;7SY?
1. The central question in this dissertation asks how ...... Jd)|== yD
2. In particular, this dissertation will examine six main research questions: "rkP@ja9n
3. The hypothesis that will be tested is that ...... ?; }2 Z)
4. The key research question of this study was thus whether or not ...... {t9'8R3
5. This study aimed to address the following research questions: @XB/9!
6. Another question is whether ...... wYS
4#7
介绍方法、数据的来源 e'g-mRh
1. This dissertation follows a case-study design, with in-depth analysis of ...... 2. This study was exploratory and interpretative in nature. n802!d+Tn
3. The approach to empirical research adopted for this study was one of a qualitative, semi- structured interview methodology. ?2DYz"/')
4. By employing qualitative modes of enquiry, I attempt to illuminate the ...... _H@S(!
This work takes the form of a case-study of the ...... "EhA _ =i
5. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in this investigation. h.G/HHz
6. Qualitative and quantitative research designs were adopted to provide both descriptive, interpretive and empirical data. +=;F vb
7. A holistc approach is utilised, integrating literary, numanistic and archeological material to establish ...... QBDi;Xzb+
8. The research data in this thesis is drawn from four main sources: ..... 5f}wQ
9. The study was conducted in the form of a survey, with data being gathered via ....... }0c'hWMZ}
10. Five works will be examined, all of which ..... eX $u
表明局限性 265df
Y9Pu
1. Due to practical constraints, this paper cannot provide a comprehensive review of ...... It is beyond the scope of this study to examine the .......The reader should bear in mind that the study is based on a small sample of ...... M%yT? R+
2. Another potential problem is that the scope of my thesis may be too broad. A full discussion of X lies beyond the scope of this study. z l@
<X0q
概况研究框架 |)yO] pB:
1. The overall structure of the study takes the form of six chapters, including this introductory chapter. @k ~Xem%<
2. My thesis is composed of four themed chapters. JtvAi\52$
3. Chapter Two begins by laying out the theoretical dimensions of the research, and looks at how ......
g$ 9Yfu
4. The third chapter is concerned with the methodology used for this study. ,in`JM<o
5. The fourth section presents the findings of the research, focusing on the three key themes that have been identified in analysis. ocGqX Dg3
6. Chapter 6 analyses the results of interviews and focus group discussions undertaken during the course of this research, ...... q9F(8-J
7. The final chapter draws upon the entire thesis, tying up the various theoretical and empirical strands in order to ...... .k Gg }
8. Finally, the conclusion gives a brief summary and critique of the findings, n1!0KOu/N
9. ......and includes a discussion of the implication of the findings to future research into this area. ]KLj Qpd
10. ...... Finally, areas for further research are identified. c9r, <TR 9
解释关键术语 `A3"*,| z
1. While a variety of definitions of the term X have been suggested, this dissertation will use the definition first suggested by Smith (1968) who saw it as ....... mp>,TOi~s7
2. Throughout this paper the term X will refer to/will be used to refer to ....... >t 3%-K c
3. In this dissertation the acronym/abbreviation XYZ will be used. p.gi8%f`
4. According to ...... (2000) X can be defined as follows; " X is one of ...... " /vBOf;L
5. The term X is a relatively new name for ...... commonly referred to as .... kk
)9!7
