一、 本次考试由七个部分组成,分别为: H&$L1CrdL
]O}TK^%
I. Listening Comprehension ( 20 minutes; 15 points ) ylFoYROO
..FEyf
II. Reading Comprehension (50 minutes; 25 points ) 2HA-q),6
dJYsn+
III. Vocabulary and Structure ( 15 minutes; 10 points ) o2AfMSt.
aCxF{>n
IV. Short Answer Questions ( 15 minutes; 10 points ) & OO0v*@{
@aQ};~
V. Error Correction ( 10 minutes; 10 points ) /\7E&n:)2
oRDqN]
VI. Translation from Chinese into English ( 35 minutes; 15 points ) `!BP.-Zv
"2l$}G
VII. Composition ( 35 minutes; 15 points ) P8&BtA
RA];hQI?
二、 本考题满分为100分,全部考试时间为180分钟。 '{>R-}o[3
0H9UM*O
三、 听力部分、阅读理解部分、词汇与结构部分为选择题,请将所选答案标明题号,涂在答题卡上。改错、简答题、翻译和写作答案写在答题纸上,所有答案写在草稿纸上或试题册上无效。 pL [JGn
k -V3l
.z+S@s[O
.}n-N
#
#gq!L
T]_]{%z
I. Listening Comprehension ( 20 minutes, 15 points ) yg@8&;bP`
}srmG|@:
Section A 4*U5o!w1{
qr@<'wp/
Directions: In this section, you’ll hear 10 short conversations. At the end of the conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. n g,&;E
k_?Z6RE>
@S<6#zR
[d?tf
Ndz'^c
:pH3M[7
Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1IPRI<1U
pN4gHi=
1. A ) The lecture for next Monday is cancelled. 8wEUly
+\R__tx;
B ) The lecture wasn’t as successful as expected. gyz_$T@x
YD{Ppz
C ) The woman doesn’t want to attend the lecture. oQiRjDLx
J#?`l,
D ) The woman may attend next Monday’s lecture. PcQ\o>0")
/(u# D[
2. A ) The woman has a very tight budget. 5W!#,jz
WYN0,rv1:+
B ) He does not think the fur coat is worth buying. tMiy`CPh
3y%,f|ju
C ) He’s willing to lend the woman money for the fur coat. Al1}Ir
2!_DkE
D ) The woman is not careful enough in planning her spending. 2Krh&
C
%i{{Y&l
3. A ) Clean the kitchen. UOpSH{N
zRMz8
IC.
B ) Ask someone to fix the sink. z"c,TlVN3
5gSe=|we*p
C ) Find a bigger apartment for the lady. eiQ42x@Z
,MjlA{0
D ) Check the work done by the maintenance man. m}(M{^\|
- -\eYVh[
4. A ) The lens. B ) The price. C ) The flash. D ) The leather case. -EJj j {
_;,"!'R`f
5. A ) She needs another haircut soon. m
al?3*x/
9vP#/ -g
B ) She thinks it worthwhile to try Santerbale’s. TkR#Kzv380
0g2rajS
C ) She knows a less expensive place for a haircut. Zb7%$1)L~
dZY|
6
D ) She would like to make an appointment for the man. I7\T :Q[
~d3|zlh
6. A ) The woman doesn’t want to cook a meal. vq+4so
)/S
z(u,$vZ_
B ) The woman wants to have a picnic. &]tm'N25
r PTfwhs
C ) The woman has a poor memory. P]iJ"d]+X
H.;2o(vD
D ) The woman likes Mexican food. -Q/wW4dE=
3 Q~0b+k
7. A ) Everyone enjoyed himself at John’s parties. aCJ-T8?'
oWx^_wQ-=
B ) The woman didn’t enjoy John’s parties at all. ?-~<Vc*
3kT?Y7<fv
C ) It will be the first time for the man to attend John’s party. 505ejO|
]9~Il#
D ) The woman is glad to be invited to John’s house-warming party. \mTi@T!&
BnfuI
8. A ) She lacks confidence in herself. W56VA>ia
,x
R u74
B ) She is not interested in computer programming. E,dUO;
89j:YfA=v
C ) She has never signed up for any competition before. N]14~r=
ZNl1e'
D ) She is sure to win the programming contest. .'. bokl/
EM@EB<pRX
9. A ) The man has an enormous amount of work to do. ll[&O4.F
yJ`{\7Uqg
B ) The man has made plans for his vacation. ^O=G%de
acar-11_o/
C ) The man’ll take work with him on his vacation. <CJy3<$u
tSnsjd<6.
D ) Work stacked up during the man’s last vacation. =c$x xEDD
sxS%1hp3
10. A ) She likes the job of feeding fish. 6xAxLZz<
ay||yn:
B ) She finds her new job interesting. Y@<jvH1
KX3A|
C ) She feels unfit for her new job. uL@%M8n
9ZG:2ncdJ
D ) She’s not in good health. @ULWVS#t2
+S+=lu _
Section B FV3[7w=D\
X$@qs9?)^
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of XPZ8*8JL
Rry]6(
each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. AlG5n'
l]#=I7 6
Passage 1 kj.9\
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. m2YsE
j7
-'L~Y~'.
11. A ) Rally support for their movement. H3`.Y$z
].5q,A]
B ) Liberate women from tedious housework. r{84Y!k~*
c`UFNNm=
C ) Claim their rights to equal job opportunities. z]C=nXbk
>p0,]-.J,r
D ) Express their anger against sex discrimination. zUNUH^Il
~iQBgd@D^
12. A ) It will bring a lot of trouble to the local people. ~(yW#'G
_uL[
Z
B ) It is a popular form of art. S-ZN}N{,6
Q<g
>WNb
C ) It will spoil the natural beauty of their surroundings. HB$?}V
'Ha> >2M
D ) It is popular among rock stars. VCiq'LOR,<
5*-RIs! 2
13. A ) To show that mindless graffiti can provoke violence. c3ru4o*K
zxIP-QaA
B ) To show that Londoners have a special liking for graffiti. HC1<zW[
O6 s3#iu
C ) To show that graffiti, in some cases, can constitute a crime. ~k?wnw
/'E[03I~
D ) To show that graffiti can make the environment more colorful. {fHY[8su0
?daxb
Passage2
N-&ZaK
Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard. QRrAyRf[
YcclO
14. A ) The Asian elephant is easier to tame. 5#N<~
|e+3d3T35
B ) The Asian elephant’s skin is more valuable. 0vX6n6G}
z~tdLtcX
C ) The Asian elephant is less popular with tourists. frW\!r{LT
VS ;y
D ) The Asian elephant produces ivory of a better quality. m.`I}
)\VuN-d
15. A ) From the captured or tamed elephants. -64;P9:A>
$BgaLJs/O
B ) From the British wildlife protection group. &a e!lB
+Yq?:uBV
C ) From elephant hunters in Thailand and Burma. .d[^&<^
rr\9HA
D ) From tourists visiting the Thai-Burmese border. 9a`~ K L
skan1wQ
16. A ) Their taming for circuses and zoos. :<{15:1
":qHDL3
B ) The destruction of their natural homes. E'D16Rhp
NB'G{),)Z
C ) Man’s lack of knowledge about their behavior. C9MK3vtD.
d}Guj/cx,
D ) Their greater vulnerability to extinction than other species. *y7Yf7
f
QU_:[
Uz
Passage3 IBeorDIZ
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard. I3r")}P
k:j_:C&.
17. A ) They had lost their jobs as a result of the Industrial Revolution. ')yYpWO
V_m!<sr (
B ) They had been suffering from political and religious oppression. Opg_-Bf
||TZ[l
C ) They wanted to flee from the widespread famine in Northern
dZf1iFCP
pV(Mh[ }P
Europe. +aM[!pW(e
W.cc!8
D) They wanted to make a fortune there by starting their own _%Xp2`m
{{_v.d~1
businesses. 1BW 9,Xr
D*VO;?D
18.A) They might lose control of their members because of the increase in o@dTiQK_
W)D?8*
immigration. 1i.3P$F
3WwCo.q;m
B) Their members might find it difficult to get along with the "x$L2>9
fJ
_MuAv
newcomers. {:_*P
TVk
'WmjQsf
C ) The working conditions of their members might deteriorate. j1->w8
<vV"a
bk
D ) Their members might lose their jobs to the newcomers. X@Zt4)2#
Tmu2G/yi
19. A ) To impose restrictions on further immigration. R=,
pv'
k'&1,78[l
B ) To improve the working conditions of immigrants. {g1R?W\LZ
EXH,+3fQp
C ) To set a minimum wage level for new immigrants. >$CNR*}@
[N%InsA9k
D ) To put requirements on languages for newcomers. bf1$:09
$RF.LVc
20. A ) They were looked down upon by European immigrants.
{&D$U'ye
,\3Cq2h
B ) They had a hard time seeking equal job opportunities. <6hs<qXqi
roG<2i F
C ) They worked very hard to earn a decent living. )g
$T%
R8!~>$#C6)
D ) They strongly opposed continued immigration. 3xP<J)S0
wouk~>Jft
Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension ( 50 minutes, 25 points ) sRcS-Yw[S
yHs9J1Sf
Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the best answer among them. .}+3A~
Y:Lkh>S1Q
Questions 21 -25 are based on the following passage: H
>]*<2(=-
n4XkhY|
Passage 1 Kc1w[EQ
Y Kp@n8A
If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired-rented at the lowest possible cost—much as one buys raw materials or equipment. a5pM ~.]
rij%l+%@#
The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central—usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm’s hierarchy. 'aD"v>
F8tMZ,:
While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies. gwg~4:W
/Hm/%os
As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can’t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear. &pz`gna
g3%x"SlIU
21.Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies? C deV3
|)O;+e\
A) They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills. w+!V,lU"^
mN R}%s
B) They see the gaining of skills as their employees’ own business. 94*MRn1E
69uDc
C) They attach more importance to workers than equipment. aGE}
EK }
c1*^
\
D) They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition. !>K=@9NC|.
33hP/p%
22. What is the position of the head of human-resource management in an American firm? qla=LS\-A+
E J6|y'
A) He is one of the most important executives in the firm. Ln\Gv/)
P$clSJW
B) His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced. @fVz
*
dOgc%(kz
C) He is directly under the chief financial executive. 0.(7R,-
.)FFl
D) He has no say in making important decisions in the firm. biQ~q$E
_71I9V&
23.The money most American firms put in training mainly goes to . >7W8_6sC<
8<EU|/O
A) workers who can operate new equipment d,j)JnY3V
#.OCoc
B) technological and managerial staff ah!RQ2hDrV
jgYe\dinM
C) workers who lack basic background skills H}1XK|K3#H
j(_6.zf
D) top executives np7!y
U
:%zA X
24. According to the passage, the decisive factor in maintaining a firm’s competitive advantage is . ~}K$z
T(+*y
A) the introduction of new technologies I
[LHJ4
5 ^tetDz}
B) the improvement of worker’s basic skills 3J^'x
%b ^.Gw\L
C) the rational composition of professional and managerial employees !OR%AdxB
nh"LdHqiDB
D) the attachment of importance to the bottom half of the employees F
@Wb<+0
vH?3UW
25. What is the main idea of the passage? <gY.2#6C\%
Z&J.8A]L
A) American firms are different from Japanese and Germany firms in human-resource management. Aq &H-g]s
glNXamo
B) Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective human-resource management. L' x[wM0w;
'v&f
C) The head of human-resource management must be in the central position in a firm’s hierarchy. qMcOSZ%8J
:k oXS
D) The human-resource management strategies of American firms affect their competitive capacity. d@<~u,Mt&F
)Yw m_f-N
Questions 26—30 are based on the following passage: IdL~0;W7
.!h`(>+@
Passage 2 :=,lG ou
4-\gha
For millions of years before the appearance of the electric light, shift work, all-night cable TV and the Internet, earth’s creatures evolved on a planet with predictable and reassuring 24-hout rhythms. Our biological locks are set for this daily cycle. Simply, our bodies want to sleep at night and be awake during the day. Most women and men need between eight and eight and a half hours of sleep a night to function properly throughout their lives. ( Contrary to popular belief, humans don’t need less sleep as they age.) 7D)i]68E
B
ez 7
But on average, Americans sleep only about seven and a half hours per night, a marked drop from the nine hours they averaged in 1910. What’s worse, nearly one third of all Americans get less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night. For most people, that’s not nearly enough. J~1=?</
0HS"Oxx'
Finding ways to get more and better sleep can be a challenge. Scientists have identified more than 80 different sleep disorders. Some sleep disorders are genetic. But many problems are caused by staying up late and by traveling frequently between time ones or by working nights. Dr. James F. Jones at National Jewish Medical and Research Center in Denver says that sleep disorders are often diagnosed as other discomforts. About one third of the patients referred to him with possible chronic fatigue syndrome actually have treatable sleep disorders. “ Before we do anything else, we look at their sleep,” Jones says. ^/v!hq_#%&
3h>56{P
Sleep experts says that most people would benefit from a good look at their sleep patterns “ My motto (座右铭) is ‘ Sleep defensively’,” says Mary Carskadon of Brown University. She says people need to carve out sufficient time to sleep, even if it means giving up other things. Sleep routines—like going to bed and getting up at the same time every day—are important. Pre-bedtime activities also make a difference. As with Elsner, who used to suffer from sleeplessness, a few lifestyle changes—avoiding stimulants and late meals, exercising hours before bedtime, relaxing with a hot bath—yield better sleep. + |d[q?
p |xMXoa`
26 What is TRUE of human sleep? ugMfpT)
%DF-;M"8
A. On average, people in the U.S. today sleep less per night than they used to. Qo \;)
@G>Q(a*,
B. For most people, less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night is enough. r4FGz!U
-c'~0g]<
C. Most people need less sleep when they grow older. ^# gR"\F`d
^bDh[O
D. Most people need seven and a half hours of sleep every night.
6.
6g9
Y1h)0_0
27. For our bodies to function properly, we should . f<aJiVP
BjyGk+A
A. adjust our activities to the new inventions *wV
WyC
#99fFs`w
B. be able to predict the rhythms of our biological clocks '-5Q>d~&h
.q7|z3@,
C. sleep for at least eight hours per night )=c/{
9Jhc5G
D. believe that we need less sleep as we age ]M#OS$_O@
)kiC/Y}k
28.According to the author, many sleeping disorders are caused by . &>&UqWL
DU>#eR0G
A. improper sleep patterns (lBwkQNQGd
JVgV,4 1
B. chronic fatigue syndrome 2PrUI;J$
bx&?EUx+b
C. other diseases [b<AQFh<c
K_X10/#b&
D. pre-bedtime exercises s;eOX\0
W<AxctId
29. Which of the following measures can help you sleep better? gwyHDSo8:a
-'iV-]<
A. Having late meals. K4\# b}P!
k;bdzcMkQ
B. Traveling between time zones. q fQg?Mr
<.yL&$9
C. Staying up late. 97%S{_2m/
^t'mfG|DV
D. Taking a hot bath. *Fe
8IX,q
30. “ Sleep defensively” means that . XpLK0YI
<FfdOK_
A. people should sacrifice other things to getting enough sleep if necessary cn~M:LW23
>*A"tk#oR
B. people should give up going to bed and getting up at the same time every day l,pI~A`w_
&r)i6{w81
C. people should go to a doctor and have their problems diagnosed 4*K~6Vh
iIe\m V
D. people should exercise immediately before going to bed every night 2th>+M~A
h*2NFL~#
Questions 31—35 are based on the following passage: jgfl|;I?pg
:slVja$e
Passage 3 <)vjoRv
P2q'P&
At Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997, it is became abundantly clear how complex it has become to work out international agreements relating to the environment because of economic concerns unique to each country. It is no longer enough to try to forbid certain activities or to reduce emissions of certain substances. The global challenges of the interlink between the environment and development increasingly bring us to the core of the economic life of states. During the late 1980s we were able, through international agreements, to make deep cuts in emissions harmful to the ozone layer. These reductions were made possible because substitutions had been found for many of the harmful chemicals and, more important, because the harmful substances could be replaced without negative effects on employment and the economies of states. Hkcr+BQ
5L'b
F2SI
Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem, we also know that effects of measure, especially harsh measures taken in some countries, would be nullified (抵消) if other countries do not control their emissions. Whereas the UN team on climate change has found that the emissions of carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60% to stabilize the content of CO, in the atmosphere, this path is not feasible for several reasons. Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy. Important and populous (人口众多的)low or medium-income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses. In addition, the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap. %(c5T)B9
UJqDZIv
C
We must, however, find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century. Such a commitment would require a degree of shared vision and common responsibilities new to humanity. Success lies in the force of imaginations, in imagining what would happen if we fail to act. Although many living in cold regions would welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summer, few would cheer the arrival of the subsequent tropical diseases, especially where there had been none. FXHcy:)}G
9{{|P=
31. The main purpose of this passage is to . kiW|h)w_,v
MQ9Nn|4
A. analyze the problem of global warming bD&^-&
G
S690Y]:h$v
B. argue against making deep cuts in emissions wTpjM@F?J|
/``4!jU
C. convince people that global warming is a real threat nK@RFU6
)9^0Qk' ]
D. criticize some countries for refusing to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layer pwiXA{
rRTAWAs%T
32. The reason why it is difficult to get rid of the threat of global warming is that . [<HU~P
P
KRY%B[k
A. the leaders of many countries are not fully aware of the gravity of the problem %Fh*$gzh*5
h:[8$]
B. many people welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summer -P+@n)?T6
;"*\R5a
C. not all the countries are willing to make deep cuts in emissions &a'H vQV
{^r8uKo:~
D. world technology is not able to solve the problem *PXlb
b
$.a4Og2
33. In the passage the author implies that . eV?._-G
n9Mi?#xIp
A. the world has recently become aware of the threat of global warming e|`QW|9 .
Dr;-2$Kt/&
B. the problem of global warming has largely been solved c$cb2V7,
B.wRZDEvc
C. it is always difficult to work out international agreements to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layer :Y
L`GSl
*,/ADtL
D. it is no longer easy to reach international agreements relating to the environment ?w{ lC,
`/zx2Tkk
34. According to the author, it is impossible at present to cut 60% of carbon dioxide emissions globally because ______. ?2Q
9z-$
j@JhxCe1+R
A. some people are irresponsible -h5yg`+1N\
d?j
_L`?+
B. it would cause a collapse of the world economy qIbp0`m
'$5.{o`s*1
C. it is only a goal to be reached in the future k{*IR
CNC3">Dk~9
D. some people are lacking in imagination 41c]o<!=)j
a[<'%S#3x
35. What should all countries do to help solve the problem of global warming? &RRH