中国人民大学2002年博士研究生入学考试试题 mCVFS=8V
ⅠListening Comprehension (30 minutes, 20 points) )Ql%r?(F+
(略) }K|oicpUg
ⅡVocabulary (10 points) s.C_Zf~3
Part A (5 Points) b8 likP"T
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ. u^ ~W+
Example: uKHxe~
She prefers foreign wine to that produced__________. 4H&+dRI"
A. previously B. virtually C. primarily D. domestically AoxA+.O
The sentence should read, “She prefers foreign wine to that produced domestically.” Therefore, you should choose D. N<}5A%
Sample Answer t%=tik2|7
[A] [B] [C] [D] S<Xf>-8w
1. He seemed reluctant to send his troops in an effort to discourage oCz/HQoBk
the__________peasants. H4+i.*T#
A. animated B. rebelliousC. creased D. impassive Y}wyw8g/
2. The company will__________to its agreement, no matter how costly the process may be. A*BeR0(
A. retain B. alterC. abandon D. adhere H qx-;F~0
3. The drug store at the corner of our street sells aspirins and __________penicillin prescriptions. utV_
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A. dispenses B. disposesC. disperses D. dispatches UkFC~17P
4. AIDS is causing great public concern because the__________fatal disease hits primarily young people. nqUV
A. invariably B. imperativelyC. transiently D. deceptively
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5. The houses in this area were all erected in__________of housing regulations. DN6Mo<H
A. compliance B. defianceC. alliance D. obedience l.M0`Cn-%
6. He had wanted a 25% raise in pay, but after talking to his boss, he decided that a 5% raise would have to__________. h/Y'<:
A. suffice B. satisfy }Zp,+U*"
C. gratify D. delight SOIN']L|V[
7. The two delegates had an in-depth exchange of views on how to enhance their__________.cooperation 'LDQgC*%
A. ethical B. bilateralC. mandatory D. subsidiary 4 #Jg9o
8. It is agreed that all nations should take measures against terrorism on the basis of the UN__________and other international laws. p6S8VA
A. Charter B. ConstitutionC. Concordance D. Custody "\yT7?},
9. When we credit the successful people with intelligence, physical strength or good luck we are making excuses for ourselves because we zfdl
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fall__________in all three. 2&cT~ZX&'
A. rare B. lackingC. short D. scarce v`T
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10. Three weeks after the suicide bombing, the police were still hunting for bombers for they believe more were__________. )boE/4
A. on the verge B. on the slyC. on the spot D. on the loose *{5fq_
Part B (5 points) RxQ *
Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined part. Markthe corresponding lettr with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ. Dw"\/p:-3
Example: nO-#Q=H,
The secretary is very competent; she can finish all these letters within one hour. rPm x
A. careful B. industriousC. clever D. capable x4O~q0>:Le
In this sentence, “competent” is closest in meaning to “capable”. Therefore you Should choose D. /x *3}oI
Sample Answer 7d\QB(~
[A] [B] [C] [D] rvM {M/4
11. As there was not enough money to bury all dead AIDS orphans, 23 babies were interred in a modest cemetery in South Africal before World AIDS Day. .6J$,.Ig
A. parentless children B. miserable victimsC. contagious bodies D. infectious patient F"mmLao
12. In his opinion, the objection to barbarity does not mean that capital punishment should not go on. %z$#6?OK^
A. adversity B. savageryC. habitat D. integrity 5mR 1
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13. What is at fault in our present system is not the outcome but the fallible procedure. 1\.pMHv/
A. sublime B. erroneousC. plausible D. impeccable Iu6
14. It could not be ruled out that, sooner or later, the country would 0*v2y*2V
break out of the treaty. $:^td/p J
A. confirmed B. toleratedC. excluded D. refuted ;AG()NjOO:
15. Now researchers are directing more attention to the social andcultural impetus that propelled university graduates into careers in W@esITr
management. Uw:"n]G]D?
A. implication B. propagandaC. impulse D. refuted d_
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16. Lincoln, former president of the United States, is a conspicuous example of a poor boy who succeeded. E*lxVua
A. sturdy B. obstinateC. permanent D. manifest [N'h%1]\
17. Research should continue on controlled nuclear fusion, but no energy program should be premised on its existence until it has proved practical. VtohL+
A. focused B. concentratedC. agreed D. based wgA_38To
18. He displayed a complete lack of courtesy and tact in dealing with his to&m4+5?6
employer. k;W
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A. tenacity B. curiosityC. civility D. hostility 4&iCht
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19. Pirated compact disks and floppy disks remained the second biggest vehicle for the spread of computer viruses despite the governments' determined efforts to quash software piracy. "w
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A. boost B. preventC. crush D. restrict IVmo5,&5(
20. It is reported that the latest outbreak of the bird flu in Pennsylvania in the United States has prompted China to slap a ban on poultry imports from the sate. 8cQ'dL`(
A. marine products B. dairy productsC. industrial products D. avian products 8b=_Y;
Ⅲ Cloze (10 points) LH6vLuf
The effect of the baby boom on the schools helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the role of public education in the 1920 's. In the 1920 's, but especially __1__the Depression of the 1930's, the United States experienced a__2__birth rate. Then with theprosperity__3__on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it, young people married and__4__households earlier and began to__5__larger families than had their__6__during the Depression. Birthrates rose to 102 per thousand in 1946, 106.2 in 1950, and 118 in 1955.__7__economics was probably the most important__8__, it is not the only explanation for the baby boom. The increased value placed__9__the idea of the family also helps to__10__this rise in birth rates. The baby boomers began streaming__11__the first grade by the mid -1940's and became a__12__by 1950. The public school system suddenly found itself __13__Thewartime economy meant that few new schools were built between 1940 and1945.__14__, large numbers of teachers left their profession during that period for better-paying jobs elsewhere.__15__, in the 1950's, the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system. Consequently, the custodial rhetoric of the 1930's no longer made__16__; keeping youths ages sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high__17__for an institution unable to find space and staff to teach younger children. With the baby boom, the focus of educators__18__turned toward the lower grade sand back to basic academic skills and__19__. The system no longer hadmuch__20__in offering nontraditional, new, and extra services to older youths. _
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1. A. in B. for C. at D. on2. A. accelerating B. strengthening C. declining D. fluctuating3. A. took B. produced C. brought D. carried4. A. adopted B. incorporated C. administered D. established5. A. increase B. raise C. erect D. generate6. A. predecessors B. successors C. processors D. oppressors7. A. Since B. Despite C. Although D. Unless8. A. tenant B. determinant C. lubricant D. repentant9. A. at B. on C. for D. with10. A. demonstrate B. interpret C. exhibit D. explain11. A. through B. across C. into D. towards12. A. creek B. flood C. bonus D. pledge13. A. overtaxed B. overdosed C. overweighed D. overlapped14. A. Moreover B. However C. Otherwise D. Thus15. A. Nevertheless B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Hence fore16. A. sense B. meaning C. sensible D. meaningful17. A. notoriety B. compatibility C. proximity D. priority18. A. refutably B. indispensably C. inevitably D. respectively19. A. conference B. symposium C. seminar D. discipline20. A. ability B. advantage C. benefit D. interest wKHBAW[i]
Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (20 points) Z6m)tZVM
Directions: :v 4]D4\o
Read the following passages, decide on the best one of the choices marked A, B, C and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER WF"k[2
SHEET Ⅰ. LgYq.>Nl9
Passage 1 $od7;%
When I was a kid, I never knew what my parents—or anyone else's—did for a living. As far as I could tell, all grownups had mysterious jobs that involved drinking lots of coffee and arguing about Richard Nixon. If they had job-related stress, they kept it private. Now American families are expected to be more intimate. While this has resulted in alot more hugs, “I love you's,” and attendance at kids' football games, unfortunately we parents also insist on sharing the frustrations of our work lives.While we have complained about our jobs or fallen asleep in car-pool lines, our children have been noticing. They are worried about us. A new survey, ”Ask the children ,“conducted by the Families and Work Institute of New York City, queried more than 1, 000 kids between the ages of 8 and18 about their parents' work lives. “If you were granted one wish to change the way your parents' work affected your life,” the survey asked kids,“what would that wish be?” Most parents assumed that children would want more time with them, but only 10% did. Instead, the most common wish (among 34%) was that parents would be less stressed and tired by work.Allison Levin is the mother of three young children and a professional in the growing field of “work/life quality”. Levin counsels employees who are overwhelmed by their work and family obligations to carefully review their commitments-not only at the office but at home and in the community too—and start paring them down. “It's not about getting up earlier in the morning so you can get more done,” she says. “It's about saying no and making choices.”We can start by leaving work, and thoughts of work, behind as soon as we start the trip home. Do something to get yourself in a good mood, like listening to music, rather than returning calls on the cell phone. When you get home, change out of your work clothes, let the answering machine take your calls, and stay away from e-mail. When your kids ask about your day, tell them about something good that happened. (In the survey, 69% of moms said they liked their work, but only 42% of kids thought their mothers really did.)Parents can also de-stress by cutting back on their children's activities. If keeping up with your kid's schedule is killing you, insist that he choose between karate lessons and the theater troupe. Parents should also sneak away from work and family occasionally to have some fun .I keep a basketball in the trunk of my can. I might never be able to fix everything at work or at home, but at least I can work on my jump shot. J=yTbSN\v
1. Which of the following sentences can be the best title of this passage? DTs;{c
A. Kids Say: Chill ']oQ]Yx0
B. Kids Stress Parents "7`<~>9t.
C. Parents Complain about work &.ACd+Cd
D. Parents Get in Good Mood 92-I~
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2. The author mentions her own childhood experience to show that__________. A)KZ
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A. she never understood why her parents had odd jobs and argued about the ]%(2hY~i
president xLn%hxm?,
B. she didn't know what her parents did to earn money to support the family d!{r v
when she was young B1Oq!k
C. she did understand why the American became more and more close and =Runf
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hugged a lot Rva$IX^]
D. she could see that the American parents keep the stress and tiredness JN6B~ZNf
from work to themselves uVU)d1N
3. We can infer from the second paragraph that nowadays the P>6{&(
children__________. `,0}ZzaV&
A. are very anxious about their parents for their hard work @lt#Nz
B. are looking forward to being with their parents bN88ua}k{
C. are very considerate about their parents A(N4N
D. are very ambitious to change their parents' work +^<](z
4. The phrase “paring them down” in the third paragraph most likely \C1nZk?3
means__________. $7uA%|\
A. gathering the work and family duties together p<;0g9,1
B. matching the work quality to life quality iyog`s c
C. decreasing the defeating commitments ]9,;K;1<
D. denying to fulfill their work and family obligations yOKI*.}
5. Which of the following is not the way to de-stress the parents' heavy burden? ]+$?u&0?w
A. Forgetting about the job as soon as leaving the office. bJ;'`sw1
B. Reducing participating the activities for the office. E.>4C[O
C. Sharing with the children some happy experience. YAmb`CP
D. Taking part more actively in community activities. 3yXY.>'
Passage 2 {}Za_(Y,]
There are a number of formats for reporting research, such as articles to appear in journals, reports addressed to funding agencies, theses or dissertations as part of the requirements for university degrees, and papers to be presented at conferences. These formats differ from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences whom they address. We will now briefly describe them.The journal article is a way of reporting research for professional journals or edited collections. The research is reporting in a brief, yet in formative way, focusing mostly on the main features of the research such as the purpose, review of the literature (often referred to as“background&rdquo, procedures used for carrying out the research accompanied by tables, charts, and graphs, and interpretations of the results (often referred to as discussion). b_):MQ1{
The content and emphasis of the journal article will vary according to the intended readers (research or practitioners) and it is important for the researcher to be aware of the background and interest of the readers of the journal. Articles intended to be read by practitioners will emphasize the practical implications and recommendations of the research, while articles intended to be read by researchers will describe in detail the method used to collect data, the construction of data collection procedures, and the techniques used for analyzing the data. It is important for the novice researcher to be aware of the fact that articles submitted to journals go through a process of evaluation by experts who make a judgment and recommend whether they should be published or not. d`6 'Z
The thesis or dissertation is a format for reporting research which graduate students write as part of fulfilling the requirements for an advanced academic degree. The student is expected to describe in great detail all the phases of the research so it can be examined and evaluated carefully by the reader. Thus the thesis or dissertation includes the purpose and significance of the study, the rationale, a thorough review of the literature, detailed information as to the research tools and the procedures involved in their development, a description of data analysis and the results, and an interpretation of the results in the form of conclusions, implications, and recommendation. This detailed description of the process of the research is needed to provide the professors with an indication of the student's ability to carry out research. The conference paper is a way of reporting research at conferences, seminars and colloquia. At such meetings research papers are usually presented orally. They are similar to the research article since research is reported in a concise, yet informative way, focusing on the most essential elements of the research. Handouts and transparencies can also accompany the presentations. As with the research article, here too, the content and emphasis of the oral report will depend to a large extent on the type of audience present at the meeting, and whether they are researchers or practitioners. +t;7tQDVB
6. The best title for this passage could be__________. "wHFN>5B
A. Types of Research Reports :a)u&g@G
B. Types of Journal Articles ?pZOeqqu$
C. Writing of research Reports z$xo$R(
D. Writing of Different Articles /FJu)H..U
7. The common aspect for the journal articles, these and conference papers lies in that__________. = 9]~yt
A. they are all for the practitioners \'bzt"f$j
B. they are all to be read by researchers 09Cez\0
C. they are all for being published C2Tyoza
D. they are all forms of reporting research >e"#'K0?\
8. We can distinguish those research reports from each other mainly DDH:)=;z
through__________. !GGkdg*-*9
A. their writing style and length '6Q=#:mc\
B. their aims and possible audiences K6)j0]K1
C. their presented places and time $p?
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D. their content and purposes !I
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9. Which of the following statements is not mentioned in this passage? h2""9aP!
A. Both journal articles and conference papers are reported in a brief and informative way. xUistwq
B. All the theses or dissertations and conference papers are reported in spoken languages. hfy_3} _
C. Both the journal articles and conference papers are influenced greatly by the intended receivers. /~f'}]W
D. The various formats of research reports may be presented in different ways. q%?in+l
10. How can a professor evaluate a student's capability of implementing the research? 1 Ya`| ?FS
A. By concentrating on the main factors like the purpose, background, procedures and disscussion. qm o9G
B. By emphasizing the practical implications and recommendations of the research. KMjhZap
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C. By focusing on the detailed description of the process of the research such as the tools, procedures, the process of data analysis, the results, and conclusions etc. \)?HJ
D. By noticing the detailed method used to collect the data, the construction of the data collection procedures, the techniques for analyzing the date and results etc. nQ,H
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Passage 3 9 j9TPyC/2
What do consumers really want? That's a question market researchers would love to answer. But since people don't always say what they think, marketers would need direct access to consumers' thoughts to get the truth. ~O&:C{9=
Now, in a way, that is possible. At the “Mind of the Market” laboratory at Harvard Business School, researchers are looking inside shoppers' skulls to develop more effective advertisements and marketing pitches. Using imaging techniques that measure blood flow to various parts of the brain, the Harvard team hopes to predict how consumers will react to particular products and to discover the most effective ways to present information. Stephen Kosslyn, a professor of psychology at Harvard, and business school professor Gerald Zaltman, oversee the lab. “The goal is not to manipulate peoples' preferences,” says Kosslyn, “just to speak to their actual desires.” The group's findings, though still preliminary, could radically change how firms develop and market new products.The Harvard group use position emission topography (PET) scans to monitor the brain activity. These PET scans, along with other non-invasive imaging techniques; enable researchers to see which parts of the brain are active during specific tasks (such as remembering a word..Correlations have been found between blood flow to specifc areas and future behavior. Because of this, Harvard researchers believe the scans can also predict future purchasing patterns. According to an unpublished paper the group produced, “It is possible to use these techniques to predict not only whether people will remember and have specific emotional reactions to certain materials, but also whether they will be inclined to want those materials months later.”The Harvard group is now moving into the next stage of experiments. They will explore how people remember advertisements as part of an effort to predict how they will react to a product after having seen an ad. The researchers believe that once key areas of the brain are identified, scans on about two dozen volunteers will be enough to draw conclusions about the reactions of specific segments of the population. Large corporations-including Coca Cola, Eastman Kodak, General Motors, and Hallmark-have already signed up to fund further investigations.For their financial support, these firms gain access to the experiments but cannot control them. If Kosslyn and Zaltman and their team really can read the mind of the market, then consumers may find it even harder to get those advertising jingles out of their heads. ?m?::R H
11. Which of the following statements can be the best title for this passage? K&K