第二节 宾语从句 `GC
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在主句中作宾语的就是宾语从句,并不是所有的动词都能接宾语从句,应满足的先决条件是及物动词。宾语从句可分为三类: 0Ds3
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一、that 引导的宾语从句 !mmMAsd,
that引导的宾语从句最为普遍,从句应是完整的主谓结构,且that有时可以省略, KhHFJo[8sf
如:She told me (that) she had bought a gift for me. 8s0+6{vW
I hope that it will be cooler tomorrow. O,Q.-
常接此类宾语从句的动词有:say, think, hope, tell, see, deny, demand, suggest, propose, declare, feel, intend, insist, believe, agree, admit, expect, explain, imagine, know, report, doubt等 Rm} ym9
I doubt that he has the ability to do this. WTJ
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二、what, where, when, which, who, why, TN2Ln?[xU
how等词引导的宾语从句 kOYUxr.b
宾语从句还可由上述类似特殊疑问词的引导词引出,此时引导词作从句的主语、宾语、或状语,不可以省略 7Q}pKq]P
如:I can't understand why you feel so bitter about her manners. %c }V/v_h
Could you explain what has caused the delay? %=`JWLLG
I wonder how you managed to escape. Hc)z:x;Sj
Just tell me which one you prefer.
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此类从句的形式颇像问句,但需注意应用陈述句语序,不可倒装 !GqFX+!Ju
可接此类从句的动词有:ask, say, tell, know, wonder, understand, inform, advise, decide, find, answer, suggest, show, discuss, discover等 \#{PV\x:Nn
三、whether /if 引导的宾语从句 \CL8~
whether / if引导的从句,表示“是否….”,whether /if虽不在从句中担当成分,但因有实际意思,不可省略,之后的从句必须是完整的主谓结构 C$OVN$lL`8
如:I wonder if /whether you are interested in his paintings. +1ICX
I can't decide whether I should go or not. (此时不能用if) qb>41j9_t
注:有些be+形容词的句式结构类似于宾语从句,可归入此类,如: mlnF,+s
I am sure that he will come before long. a5D|#9
I'm afraid (that) you are not allowed to enter without a pass. %71i&T F
例题: N~
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Almost all economists agree ----by trading with one another. ?[ xgt)
(A) nations that are gained -*C
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(B) nations they gain D}_.D=)
(C) gaining nations s2;~FK#/
(D) that nations gain A~?M`L>B
答案:D ig,.>'+l
解释:谓语动词agree的宾语不完整, 因agree一词不能直接与名词词组搭配, 但可接that引导的从句, 故D以外的选项均可排除 ".?4`@7F\
(2) n|( lPbD
Today it is generally recognized as the primary function of the Federal Reserve jm}CrqU
A B 2HE@!*z9H
System is to foster the flow of credit and money that will eventually facilitate a C8U3+ s
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balance in international payments. J]F&4O
答案:B ?Nos;_/
应改为:that. q~ H>rC(\
解释:介词as无法连接两个主谓句,应用关系连词连接,构成宾语从句 oz)[-
(3) cS ~OxAS
A biologist does not merely describe organisms, but tries to learn ----act as they do. uO%0rKW
(A) what causes them to @)Qgy}*5
(B) causes them to what !nv wRQ
(C) what to cause them 1-2hh)
(D) what cause to them 3SVGx<,2
答案:A T[oC='I+O
解释:空格处需要的是动词learn的宾语,B是谓语形式可先排除;因不符合固定词组cause somebody to do, C和D均可排除;A是what引导的宾语从句,符合题意 pgU[di
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第三节 状语从句 ci0A!wWD
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状语从句是从句中的一大类,在考题中更是频繁出现,它的主要功能是作主句的状语,由完整的主谓句构成。状语从句和主句在语法上关系并不紧密,但在逻辑上是不可分割的 hZ&KE78?
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考点一 分类及主要引导词 vsY?q8+P
1. 时间状语从句 ~6G
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主要引导词:when, whenever, before, after, until, while, since, once, so long as, as soon as, the moment, every time, as, next time d$t"Vp
I will call you after I get to the company. 2HX/@ERhmu
I don't call her until I get to the company. j*{0<hZb}
Every time I feel lonely, she comes to talk to me. ;Afz`Se1@
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2. 地点状语从句 b1&